1 Unit 5: Learning and Conditioning For many species, including of
... Many of the examples of classical conditioning that are provided to students involve responses that do not seem to be particularly beneficial to the organism. We know, for example, that many phobias develop, in part, through a process of classical conditioning. A lot of research on classical conditi ...
... Many of the examples of classical conditioning that are provided to students involve responses that do not seem to be particularly beneficial to the organism. We know, for example, that many phobias develop, in part, through a process of classical conditioning. A lot of research on classical conditi ...
Origins of evolutionary transitions
... controversial. They included the origin of sex, and also of language, because they characterized the transitions as being a reorganization of the way in which information is transmitted across generations. Most authors now prefer a more structurally compositional definition, however. On a compositio ...
... controversial. They included the origin of sex, and also of language, because they characterized the transitions as being a reorganization of the way in which information is transmitted across generations. Most authors now prefer a more structurally compositional definition, however. On a compositio ...
Chapter 6
... operant chamber, but the animal is free to respond at any time. • Rate of behavior is controlled by the conditions in the box. ...
... operant chamber, but the animal is free to respond at any time. • Rate of behavior is controlled by the conditions in the box. ...
Running Head: B.F. Skinner 1 B.F. Skinner B.F. Skinner: Noted
... (DeBell, 1992). His influence spreads from psychology to research methodology in physiology and neurology, to principles and practices in education, to life’s everyday events. While trends in educational philosophy and learning theory have shifted away from behavioral sciences to more cognitive and ...
... (DeBell, 1992). His influence spreads from psychology to research methodology in physiology and neurology, to principles and practices in education, to life’s everyday events. While trends in educational philosophy and learning theory have shifted away from behavioral sciences to more cognitive and ...
syllabus - University of West Florida
... participate in each threaded discussions as noted on the Class Schedule. The Content page has a complete discussion of the Threaded Discussions along with a grading rubric. Eight Quizzes (one each week) @ 2 points each = 16 points. Quizzes will consist of 10-20 questions covering the chapter(s) in t ...
... participate in each threaded discussions as noted on the Class Schedule. The Content page has a complete discussion of the Threaded Discussions along with a grading rubric. Eight Quizzes (one each week) @ 2 points each = 16 points. Quizzes will consist of 10-20 questions covering the chapter(s) in t ...
Classical conditioning
... the student will associate this pleasure with the specific class and will be more likely to attend. Students who have learned to associate threatening or fearful situations with classroom experiences can have a more difficult time. For instance, students often pair mathematical exams with test anxie ...
... the student will associate this pleasure with the specific class and will be more likely to attend. Students who have learned to associate threatening or fearful situations with classroom experiences can have a more difficult time. For instance, students often pair mathematical exams with test anxie ...
IV. PROKARYOTES – EUBACTERIA, cont
... o Changes in the gene pool due to chance. More often seen in small population sizes. Usually reduces genetic variability. There are two situations that can drastically reduce population size: The Bottleneck Effect: type of genetic drift resulting from a reduction in population (natural disaster) s ...
... o Changes in the gene pool due to chance. More often seen in small population sizes. Usually reduces genetic variability. There are two situations that can drastically reduce population size: The Bottleneck Effect: type of genetic drift resulting from a reduction in population (natural disaster) s ...
Genomic Comparisons of Humans and Chimpanzees
... can be made. Likewise, nucleotide alterations predicted to alter the expression of a gene require validation by direct analysis of expression levels in intact organisms. With nearly 35 million nucleotide differences between the species (not including the tens of millions of nucleotides that are also ...
... can be made. Likewise, nucleotide alterations predicted to alter the expression of a gene require validation by direct analysis of expression levels in intact organisms. With nearly 35 million nucleotide differences between the species (not including the tens of millions of nucleotides that are also ...
How language changed the genes: toward an explicit account of the
... (1999), have tried to demonstrate that Generative Grammar does make evolutionary sense, but we believe that Chomsky is right: from the evolutionary perspective, his innateness claim cannot be reconciled with his specific characterisation of language as a non-functional cognitive apparatus. The oppos ...
... (1999), have tried to demonstrate that Generative Grammar does make evolutionary sense, but we believe that Chomsky is right: from the evolutionary perspective, his innateness claim cannot be reconciled with his specific characterisation of language as a non-functional cognitive apparatus. The oppos ...
The evolution of trade‐offs: where are we?
... two uncorrelated traits made up from a linear combination of the original two correlated traits, with the eigenvalues being the genetic variances of these two synthesized traits (Kirkpatrick & Lofsvold, 1992). When r ¼ )1 there is no variation in the direction of the minor axis (the second eigenvalu ...
... two uncorrelated traits made up from a linear combination of the original two correlated traits, with the eigenvalues being the genetic variances of these two synthesized traits (Kirkpatrick & Lofsvold, 1992). When r ¼ )1 there is no variation in the direction of the minor axis (the second eigenvalu ...
external stimulus initially "goaded" the ani
... A third contribution to the success of Skinner's system was his experimental chamber, the well-known box, and his device for simultaneously recording and displaying response rate in real time, the cumulative recorder. In essence the chamber was a flexible puzzle box that allowed no escape and provid ...
... A third contribution to the success of Skinner's system was his experimental chamber, the well-known box, and his device for simultaneously recording and displaying response rate in real time, the cumulative recorder. In essence the chamber was a flexible puzzle box that allowed no escape and provid ...
Comparing the human and chimpanzee genomes: Searching for
... evolutionary relationship. This is indeed the case for a few disorders. Nevertheless, it is a striking paradox that chimpanzees are in fact not good models for many major human diseases/ conditions (see Table 2) (Varki 2000; Olson and Varki 2003). In retrospect, this should not be too surprising. Af ...
... evolutionary relationship. This is indeed the case for a few disorders. Nevertheless, it is a striking paradox that chimpanzees are in fact not good models for many major human diseases/ conditions (see Table 2) (Varki 2000; Olson and Varki 2003). In retrospect, this should not be too surprising. Af ...
BS Zoology - Government College University Faisalabad
... DNA: the genetic material; DNA replication in eukaryotes; genes in action; control of gene expression in eukaryotes; mutations; applications of genetic technologies; recombinant DNA. 5. Animal Behaviour Four approaches to animal behaviour; proximate and ultimate causes; anthropomorphism; development ...
... DNA: the genetic material; DNA replication in eukaryotes; genes in action; control of gene expression in eukaryotes; mutations; applications of genetic technologies; recombinant DNA. 5. Animal Behaviour Four approaches to animal behaviour; proximate and ultimate causes; anthropomorphism; development ...
THE DOMESTICATION OF HUMANS
... of their own "domestication" has not been the subject of any attention. This subject will be considered here, but before this is possible, it is necessary to briefly review the processes of recent human evolution, particularly during the Late Pleistocene. At the beginning of that period, about 130,0 ...
... of their own "domestication" has not been the subject of any attention. This subject will be considered here, but before this is possible, it is necessary to briefly review the processes of recent human evolution, particularly during the Late Pleistocene. At the beginning of that period, about 130,0 ...
Genomic signatures of diet-related shifts during human origins
... There are numerous anthropological analyses concerning the importance of diet during human evolution. Diet is thought to have had a profound influence on the human phenotype, and dietary differences have been hypothesized to contribute to the dramatic morphological changes seen in modern humans as c ...
... There are numerous anthropological analyses concerning the importance of diet during human evolution. Diet is thought to have had a profound influence on the human phenotype, and dietary differences have been hypothesized to contribute to the dramatic morphological changes seen in modern humans as c ...
Evolutionary Approaches to Creativity
... team (the Mighty Ducks), which might in turn inspire toys, cereal shapes, cigarette lighter designs, or for that matter work its way into an academic book chapter. It is this proclivity to take an idea and make it our own, or ‘put our own spin on it’, that makes creative ideas appear to evolve. The ...
... team (the Mighty Ducks), which might in turn inspire toys, cereal shapes, cigarette lighter designs, or for that matter work its way into an academic book chapter. It is this proclivity to take an idea and make it our own, or ‘put our own spin on it’, that makes creative ideas appear to evolve. The ...
Learning - Ashton Southard
... Biological preparedness – the tendency of animals to learn certain associations, ...
... Biological preparedness – the tendency of animals to learn certain associations, ...
video slide - Cardinal Newman
... animal learns to associate one of its behaviors with a reward or punishment • It is also called trial-and-error learning – For example, a rat that is fed after pushing a lever will learn to push the lever in order to ...
... animal learns to associate one of its behaviors with a reward or punishment • It is also called trial-and-error learning – For example, a rat that is fed after pushing a lever will learn to push the lever in order to ...
The poverty of selectionism and its relevance for the study of
... disagreed strongly with this view on several points. His main problem is that these ‘selectionists’ are unaware of significant developments in social and cultural theory, hence making mistakes which are old news for anthropologists, while new developments in that field are simply ignored. For Ingol ...
... disagreed strongly with this view on several points. His main problem is that these ‘selectionists’ are unaware of significant developments in social and cultural theory, hence making mistakes which are old news for anthropologists, while new developments in that field are simply ignored. For Ingol ...
Tempo, mode and phylogenetic associations of relative embryo size
... tendency for related taxa to resemble each other, with no implication as to the cause of such a resemblance. If k is not significantly different from zero, then related taxa are not more similar than expected by chance, and therefore the trait is evolving among the species as if they were independen ...
... tendency for related taxa to resemble each other, with no implication as to the cause of such a resemblance. If k is not significantly different from zero, then related taxa are not more similar than expected by chance, and therefore the trait is evolving among the species as if they were independen ...
Automatic Reinforcement Defined
... Behavior can be shaped, maintained, or eliminated by automatic contingencies not directly set up or mediated by other persons. These contingences can be very efficient and even more precise then those formally arranged. “Money grades and honors must be husbanded carefully, but the automatic reinfor ...
... Behavior can be shaped, maintained, or eliminated by automatic contingencies not directly set up or mediated by other persons. These contingences can be very efficient and even more precise then those formally arranged. “Money grades and honors must be husbanded carefully, but the automatic reinfor ...
Can Modern Evolutionary Theory Explain Macroevolution?
... that an explanation enables prediction of the explananda, such as prediction of macroevolutionary diversification from a theory of mutation and natural selection. Current evolutionary theory cannot provide so grand a prediction, but it often can predict patterns (e.g., that mitochondrial mutations a ...
... that an explanation enables prediction of the explananda, such as prediction of macroevolutionary diversification from a theory of mutation and natural selection. Current evolutionary theory cannot provide so grand a prediction, but it often can predict patterns (e.g., that mitochondrial mutations a ...
Can Modern Evolutionary Theory Explain Macroevolution?
... that an explanation enables prediction of the explananda, such as prediction of macroevolutionary diversification from a theory of mutation and natural selection. Current evolutionary theory cannot provide so grand a prediction, but it often can predict patterns (e.g., that mitochondrial mutations a ...
... that an explanation enables prediction of the explananda, such as prediction of macroevolutionary diversification from a theory of mutation and natural selection. Current evolutionary theory cannot provide so grand a prediction, but it often can predict patterns (e.g., that mitochondrial mutations a ...
The Cultural Origins of Cognitive Adaptations
... genes behind complex cognitive traits? Cannot nativists simply offer the normal adaptationist explanation, and say that the relevant genes were selected because of the selective advantages they offered? However, there is a familiar difficulty facing such adaptationist accounts of complex traits, whi ...
... genes behind complex cognitive traits? Cannot nativists simply offer the normal adaptationist explanation, and say that the relevant genes were selected because of the selective advantages they offered? However, there is a familiar difficulty facing such adaptationist accounts of complex traits, whi ...
Evolution, Science, and Society: Evolutionary Biology
... genotypes in their rate of survival or reproduction (i.e., their fitness) due to differences in one or more characteristics. In most cases, environmental circumstances affect which variant has the higher fitness. The relevant environmental circumstances depend greatly on an organism’s way of life, a ...
... genotypes in their rate of survival or reproduction (i.e., their fitness) due to differences in one or more characteristics. In most cases, environmental circumstances affect which variant has the higher fitness. The relevant environmental circumstances depend greatly on an organism’s way of life, a ...