Major Theories of Literacy Learning and
... developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the higher level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers" (Vygotsky) ...
... developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the higher level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers" (Vygotsky) ...
LEARNING
... LEARNING • A relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience • Learning and performance -Performance is an indirect measure of learning but is influenced by other factors such as motivation and fatigue ...
... LEARNING • A relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience • Learning and performance -Performance is an indirect measure of learning but is influenced by other factors such as motivation and fatigue ...
CHAPTER 3
... another and vicariously experiences the consequences of the other person’s actions • Appropriate for simple tasks • No apparent reward is administered in observation ...
... another and vicariously experiences the consequences of the other person’s actions • Appropriate for simple tasks • No apparent reward is administered in observation ...
Chapter 11: Behaviorism (18921956) Glossary New Directions in
... observed variables, such as independent and dependent variables, in empirical research. Logical Positivism theory of knowledge. Only statements verifiable either logically or empirically would be cognitively meaningful. Seeking to convert philosophy to this new scientific philosophy was aimed to ...
... observed variables, such as independent and dependent variables, in empirical research. Logical Positivism theory of knowledge. Only statements verifiable either logically or empirically would be cognitively meaningful. Seeking to convert philosophy to this new scientific philosophy was aimed to ...
Learning? What`s that?
... Pavlov says the process is stimulus substitution. Cognitive psychologists (Rescorla) believe there must be an expectancy created by the CS/UCS pair. ...
... Pavlov says the process is stimulus substitution. Cognitive psychologists (Rescorla) believe there must be an expectancy created by the CS/UCS pair. ...
1.1 History and Perspective
... • Rehabilitation – help clients with mental retardation, developmental disabilities, and disabilities resulting from stroke or accidents adapt to their situations • School – assess and counsel students, consult with educators and parents, and perform ...
... • Rehabilitation – help clients with mental retardation, developmental disabilities, and disabilities resulting from stroke or accidents adapt to their situations • School – assess and counsel students, consult with educators and parents, and perform ...
Learning Styles
... Hodge and Nelson experimented with Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning to see if there could be a balance of student participation within a small college ...
... Hodge and Nelson experimented with Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning to see if there could be a balance of student participation within a small college ...
cognitive learning
... depend on meanings assigned to stimuli. Eg: Tolman trained a rat to turn right in order to get food. When placed on opposite side instead of turning right, rat moved towards food. So, rat formed a cognitive map to get food and reinforcement was not a precondition for learning to take place. ...
... depend on meanings assigned to stimuli. Eg: Tolman trained a rat to turn right in order to get food. When placed on opposite side instead of turning right, rat moved towards food. So, rat formed a cognitive map to get food and reinforcement was not a precondition for learning to take place. ...
Operant Conditioning
... Thorndike’s Law of Effect – behavior that receives a positive response is more likely to keep occurring and vice versa. Shaping – using reinforcement to guide behavior to closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior. Respondent behavior – Skinner’s term for behavior learned via classical ...
... Thorndike’s Law of Effect – behavior that receives a positive response is more likely to keep occurring and vice versa. Shaping – using reinforcement to guide behavior to closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior. Respondent behavior – Skinner’s term for behavior learned via classical ...
Document
... III. A single gene can control a single behavior, but most behaviors are more complex IV. Genetics of behavior in Drosophila V. Genetics of human behavior ...
... III. A single gene can control a single behavior, but most behaviors are more complex IV. Genetics of behavior in Drosophila V. Genetics of human behavior ...
BEHAVIORISM JOHN BROADUS WATSON (1878
... (1878-1958), American psychologist. John Broadus Watson was born in Greenville, South Carolina and educated at Furman University and the University of Chicago. 1908-1920 Psychological Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University. founder and leading exponent of the school of psychology known as behavioris ...
... (1878-1958), American psychologist. John Broadus Watson was born in Greenville, South Carolina and educated at Furman University and the University of Chicago. 1908-1920 Psychological Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University. founder and leading exponent of the school of psychology known as behavioris ...
Quiz
... _____ In most “westerners,” the left hemisphere of the brain is dominant for: a. Language b. Logic c. Analytical reasoning d. Mathematical reasoning e. Spatial reasoning ...
... _____ In most “westerners,” the left hemisphere of the brain is dominant for: a. Language b. Logic c. Analytical reasoning d. Mathematical reasoning e. Spatial reasoning ...
Operant Conditioning
... Reinforcement has a contingent effect, increasing behavior, while punishment or even non-reinforcement will decrease behavior When reinforcement and responses are independent, or noncontingent, then learned helplessness results ...
... Reinforcement has a contingent effect, increasing behavior, while punishment or even non-reinforcement will decrease behavior When reinforcement and responses are independent, or noncontingent, then learned helplessness results ...
Chapter 6 PPT Operant conditioning
... reinforce students starting with their current level of performance. • At work: reinforce, even with verbal acknowledgement, specific behaviors and achievements • At home: be careful not to reward tantrums and not to be negatively reinforced by giving in. ...
... reinforce students starting with their current level of performance. • At work: reinforce, even with verbal acknowledgement, specific behaviors and achievements • At home: be careful not to reward tantrums and not to be negatively reinforced by giving in. ...
operant conditioning (part ii)
... was a phenomenon that captured his attention and triggered his experiments. Pavlov’s work paved the way for objective conditioning principles and their practical applications. Pavlov’s classical conditioning, established the idea of an organism associating different stimuli that it cannot contro ...
... was a phenomenon that captured his attention and triggered his experiments. Pavlov’s work paved the way for objective conditioning principles and their practical applications. Pavlov’s classical conditioning, established the idea of an organism associating different stimuli that it cannot contro ...
PS210-03 History of Psychology Unit 1
... Stressed the influence of beliefs, expectations and instructions on reinforcement Did not think behavioral responses were mechanistic, but reactions to stimuli are self-activated. When a reinforcer alters behavior, it is because the person is consciously aware of the response and anticipates rec ...
... Stressed the influence of beliefs, expectations and instructions on reinforcement Did not think behavioral responses were mechanistic, but reactions to stimuli are self-activated. When a reinforcer alters behavior, it is because the person is consciously aware of the response and anticipates rec ...
Operant Conditioning - Raleigh Charter High School
... fixed interval – set amount of time (pay you every hour) variable interval – unpredictable amount of time (fishing) ...
... fixed interval – set amount of time (pay you every hour) variable interval – unpredictable amount of time (fishing) ...
Behavioral Views of Learning Chapter 6 “We are by nature
... Primary responsibility of a teacher is to maintain classroom order and discipline. Applied Behavior Analysis is the application of behavioral learning principles to understand and change behavior ...
... Primary responsibility of a teacher is to maintain classroom order and discipline. Applied Behavior Analysis is the application of behavioral learning principles to understand and change behavior ...
Skinner
... Behavior Modification (cont.) – habit reversal - making a response that is incompatible with an undesirable behavior. – token economy - procedure in which patients earn tokens for performing behaviors that are necessary if the patients are to live effectively. The tokens are conditioned reinforcers ...
... Behavior Modification (cont.) – habit reversal - making a response that is incompatible with an undesirable behavior. – token economy - procedure in which patients earn tokens for performing behaviors that are necessary if the patients are to live effectively. The tokens are conditioned reinforcers ...
19. The person who studied operant conditioning
... _____ 5. In Pavlov's experiment, the bell became the ___ stimulus 8. One reason physical punishment is not recommended is that it teaches ___ 9. When you reinforce a behavior after a set number of responses (ex: on your 10th visit you get a free meal) 15. Advertisers attempt to get you to associate ...
... _____ 5. In Pavlov's experiment, the bell became the ___ stimulus 8. One reason physical punishment is not recommended is that it teaches ___ 9. When you reinforce a behavior after a set number of responses (ex: on your 10th visit you get a free meal) 15. Advertisers attempt to get you to associate ...
STUDY OF PERSONALITY FINAL REVIEW
... 19.) __________ is a feeling that can make a person alert and often provides motivation. 20.) A factor that researchers can manipulate so that they can determine its effect is the ___________ variable, whereas they factor that depends on the other is known as the ___________ variable. 21.) In a stud ...
... 19.) __________ is a feeling that can make a person alert and often provides motivation. 20.) A factor that researchers can manipulate so that they can determine its effect is the ___________ variable, whereas they factor that depends on the other is known as the ___________ variable. 21.) In a stud ...