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CT_magnetism
CT_magnetism

... Cosmic rays (atomic nuclei stripped bare of their electrons) would continuously bombard Earth’s surface if most of them were not deflected by Earth’s magnetic field. Given that Earth is, to an excellent approximation, a magnetic dipole, the intensity of cosmic rays bombarding its surface is greates ...
Effects of Magnetic Fields on Corrosion
Effects of Magnetic Fields on Corrosion

... be produced faster than they can escape from the cavity. If ions are produced faster than they can escape, the solution will become supersaturated, and a salt film will deposit on the metal surface. Real pits have a complex geometry that evolves with time, so it is difficult to study the stability p ...
class15
class15

... In a current-carrying wire, this force results in more frequent collisions and thus an increased resistance: Magnetoresistance Electrons traveling through magnetized material undergo spin-dependent scattering When magnetic field is present in magnetic superlattice, scattering of electrons is cut dra ...
Magnetic Fields and Oersted`s Principle
Magnetic Fields and Oersted`s Principle

MAGENTIC FIELD
MAGENTIC FIELD

... 3. Orient the plane of the wires so they align with the compass needle. Rotate the compass case to zero the measuring needles (the long needles). Be patient and give the needle time to settle, and then make fine adjustments. It is critical that the field generated by the tangent galvanometer is perp ...
conceptutal physics ch.24
conceptutal physics ch.24

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Sources of magnetic fields

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Properties of Octahedral Coordination Compounds

... 1. The identity of the metal: o is approximately 50% larger for 4d metals compared to 3d and 25% larger for 5d metals compared to 4d. 2. The oxidation state: higher oxidation states generally have greater crystal field splitting. 3. The number of ligands: octahedral splitting (o) is generally much ...
Year 9 Magnetism Key Words
Year 9 Magnetism Key Words

... is used for finding directions – it points north rod of magnetic material placed inside a solenoid to make the magnetic field of an electromagnet stronger a coil of wire with electricity flowing in it. An electromagnet has a magnetic field like a bar magnet a metal that is a magnetic material tiny p ...
5.2 – Heating effect of electric currents
5.2 – Heating effect of electric currents

... • Aim 7: there are many software and online options for constructing simple and complex circuits quickly to investigate the effect of using different components within a circuit ...
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5_2_Magnetism basics

Mahe Karthikeyan January 16, 2015 Layers of Earth There are four
Mahe Karthikeyan January 16, 2015 Layers of Earth There are four

... outer core, and the inner core. Scientists have learned about what’s inside Earth by studying seismic waves. The crust is the thinnest layer of all the other layers of Earth. It is also the layer that we are living on. Without the crust we wouldn’t even be living on Earth. The crust is the outermost ...
PHYS 212 James Scholar Assignment #4
PHYS 212 James Scholar Assignment #4

Electricity and Magnetism
Electricity and Magnetism

... strongest. One pole of the magnet will always point north this is the north pole. The south pole will point south. The north and south poles are unlike and therefore attract. ...
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DATA SHEET - EXAM 3 Constants: & Electric potential:

... Temperature dependence of resistivity: =0 1T −T 0 Equivalent resistance for resistors in series: R Series= R1R 2 Kirchhoff's junction rule: ∑ I IN =∑ I OUT and loop rule: ∑  V UP =∑  V DOWN Equivalent capacitance for capacitors in parallel C Parallel =C 1C 2 ...
Magnetic Properties Introduction
Magnetic Properties Introduction

... Soft Magnetic Materials • Soft Magnetic materials have low hysteresis loss due to small hysteresis loop area. • The coercivity and retentivity are small, hence these materials can be easily magnetized and demagnetized. • These materials have large values of permeability and susceptibility. • These ...
1 CHAPTER 15 ADIABATIC DEMAGNETIZATION 15.1 Introduction
1 CHAPTER 15 ADIABATIC DEMAGNETIZATION 15.1 Introduction

Magnetic investigation of zero-field-cooled dextran
Magnetic investigation of zero-field-cooled dextran

PHYS 241 EXAM #2 November 9, 2006
PHYS 241 EXAM #2 November 9, 2006

... 8. ( 5 points) An electron passes through a region where there is an electric field E = 4.0 x105 V/m and the magnetic field B = 0.090 T. The directions of the electric field, the magnetic field, and the electron velocity are mutually perpendicular. If the electron is not deflected from its straight- ...
Magnetic separation
Magnetic separation

Magnetic Fabric in Granitic Rocks: its Intrusive Origin and
Magnetic Fabric in Granitic Rocks: its Intrusive Origin and

Introduction to Electrical Engineering
Introduction to Electrical Engineering

II.3. DETERMINATION OF THE ELECTRON SPECIFIC CHARGE BY
II.3. DETERMINATION OF THE ELECTRON SPECIFIC CHARGE BY

... the magnetic field. Their trajectories, starting from the cathode and ending on the anode, curve themselfs. If the magnetic field becomes great enough, then it is possible that the electrons can never reach the anode. This happens when their trajectories become circular, with the radius r = R/2. In ...
Homework No. 04 (Spring 2014) PHYS 420: Electricity and Magnetism II
Homework No. 04 (Spring 2014) PHYS 420: Electricity and Magnetism II

Cross Section of 16 Mbit DRAM and 64 Mbit DRAM
Cross Section of 16 Mbit DRAM and 64 Mbit DRAM

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Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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