Parasitology: (Protozoa and Helminthes)
... Vector: Female sand fly of the genus Phlebotomus. Life cycle in vector: (Cyc1opropagative transmission): When the sand fly takes an infected meal, the amastigotes go to mid gut where they multiply and by the end of the 2nd day, it will be converted into promastigotes which elongate, Multiply and inc ...
... Vector: Female sand fly of the genus Phlebotomus. Life cycle in vector: (Cyc1opropagative transmission): When the sand fly takes an infected meal, the amastigotes go to mid gut where they multiply and by the end of the 2nd day, it will be converted into promastigotes which elongate, Multiply and inc ...
Rickettsialpox - Boston Public Health Commission
... Rickettsialpox is a mild disease carried by mites and caused by the bacterial organism Rickettsia akari. This is a primarily urban disease first discovered in New York City in 1946. Who is at risk for getting Rickettsialpox? Anyone bitten by infected mites can get rickettsialpox. Most exposures to r ...
... Rickettsialpox is a mild disease carried by mites and caused by the bacterial organism Rickettsia akari. This is a primarily urban disease first discovered in New York City in 1946. Who is at risk for getting Rickettsialpox? Anyone bitten by infected mites can get rickettsialpox. Most exposures to r ...
Respiratory disease in adult cattle
... Fibrosing alveolitis is a chronic disease of the older animals (> 6 years). Permanent cough, tachypnea (> 50 per minute) contrast with the good appetite of the animal. Diagnosis is made at necropsy (or biopsy?) and microscopic examination (Scott et al. 1997; Breeze, 1985). ABPE rarely occur before t ...
... Fibrosing alveolitis is a chronic disease of the older animals (> 6 years). Permanent cough, tachypnea (> 50 per minute) contrast with the good appetite of the animal. Diagnosis is made at necropsy (or biopsy?) and microscopic examination (Scott et al. 1997; Breeze, 1985). ABPE rarely occur before t ...
Quick Access Info Folder for Major Infectious Disease Emergencies
... This “Quick Access Info Folder for Major Infectious Disease emergencies & Bioterrorism Preparedness for Hong Kong” is designed to guide you to recognition or suspicion of a threat of bioterrorism or an occurrence of infectious diseases caused by emerging pathogens (e.g. SARS, pandemic flu). Bioterro ...
... This “Quick Access Info Folder for Major Infectious Disease emergencies & Bioterrorism Preparedness for Hong Kong” is designed to guide you to recognition or suspicion of a threat of bioterrorism or an occurrence of infectious diseases caused by emerging pathogens (e.g. SARS, pandemic flu). Bioterro ...
... are often multiple and can appear as hypoechoic or low-attenuation lesions scattered throughout the hepatic or splenic parenchyma on ultrasonographic or CT scans [19]. However, numerous other infectious and noninfectious conditions in either immunocompetent or immunocompromised individuals may appea ...
printer-friendly sample test questions
... A. Immediately visit a doctor for a prescription of antibiotics. B. Remain at home until they no longer have symptoms. C. Wash their hands prior to eating lunch in the cafeteria. D. Take antibiotics from a previous illness until they can see a doctor. 2nd Item Specification: Understand the general w ...
... A. Immediately visit a doctor for a prescription of antibiotics. B. Remain at home until they no longer have symptoms. C. Wash their hands prior to eating lunch in the cafeteria. D. Take antibiotics from a previous illness until they can see a doctor. 2nd Item Specification: Understand the general w ...
Biological weapons agents
... • Bioterrorism in the US: Threat, Preparedness and Response. Chemical and Biological Arms Control Institute. November 2000. • Clinical Aspects of Critical Biological Agents. Powerpoint presentation sponsored by the Public Health Consortium Michigan • Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Ameri ...
... • Bioterrorism in the US: Threat, Preparedness and Response. Chemical and Biological Arms Control Institute. November 2000. • Clinical Aspects of Critical Biological Agents. Powerpoint presentation sponsored by the Public Health Consortium Michigan • Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Ameri ...
Epidemic outbreaks on structured populations
... intra-community magnitudes are the reproductive number and the generation times (Anderson and May, 1991; Vazquez, 2006b). The reproductive number is the average number of secondary cases generated by a primary case. The disease transmission introduces some biases towards individuals that interact mo ...
... intra-community magnitudes are the reproductive number and the generation times (Anderson and May, 1991; Vazquez, 2006b). The reproductive number is the average number of secondary cases generated by a primary case. The disease transmission introduces some biases towards individuals that interact mo ...
Pertussis: Will the vulnerable survive?
... laboratory. This was the beginning process for the vaccine to be made. ...
... laboratory. This was the beginning process for the vaccine to be made. ...
PREVALENCE OF FILARIASIS IN SOLAPUR DISTRICT
... cases of bancroftian filariasis in the global scenario. Though the disease is not fatal, it is usually acquired starting from early childhood and can be debilitating leading to disability causing unfold skin, pain, misery and impairment of health. Filariae are transmitted by mosquitoes. In the mosqu ...
... cases of bancroftian filariasis in the global scenario. Though the disease is not fatal, it is usually acquired starting from early childhood and can be debilitating leading to disability causing unfold skin, pain, misery and impairment of health. Filariae are transmitted by mosquitoes. In the mosqu ...
Long-Term Protective Immunity Induced Against
... de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-910, Brazil. de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil. 3Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-910, Brazil. 4Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia ...
... de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-910, Brazil. de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil. 3Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-910, Brazil. 4Centro Interdisciplinar de Terapia ...
Understanding the Twentieth Century Decline in Chronic Conditions Among Older Men.
... (FEV1) at ages 59 to 70. Follow-ups of disadvantaged children in South Africa revealed that lung function abnormalities persisted years after the contraction of pneumonia (Wesley 1991). In this group of children, and in most developing countries, measles is a major cause of acute lower respiratory ...
... (FEV1) at ages 59 to 70. Follow-ups of disadvantaged children in South Africa revealed that lung function abnormalities persisted years after the contraction of pneumonia (Wesley 1991). In this group of children, and in most developing countries, measles is a major cause of acute lower respiratory ...
Diseases, infection dynamics, and development
... Three features of the disease environment require elaboration. First, although we occasionally refer to the infectious disease, we think about communicable diseases more generally. In particular, people may be infected by any number of communicable diseases and what is relevant is the overall morbid ...
... Three features of the disease environment require elaboration. First, although we occasionally refer to the infectious disease, we think about communicable diseases more generally. In particular, people may be infected by any number of communicable diseases and what is relevant is the overall morbid ...
Pyrexia of Unknown Origin
... peaks typically at night Most patient seek medical attention within 2 weeks. A distinctive evanescent macular or M. popular rash is typically present during the course of the illness. Age ...
... peaks typically at night Most patient seek medical attention within 2 weeks. A distinctive evanescent macular or M. popular rash is typically present during the course of the illness. Age ...
Infectious diseases epidemiology
... Infected individuals or animals that do not show clinically recognisable symptoms of a given disease upon examination, but who are hosting the respective aetiological agent, are called healthy or asymptomatic carriers and this state may be of short (temporary or transient carrier) or long duration ( ...
... Infected individuals or animals that do not show clinically recognisable symptoms of a given disease upon examination, but who are hosting the respective aetiological agent, are called healthy or asymptomatic carriers and this state may be of short (temporary or transient carrier) or long duration ( ...
Chapter 21 Microbial Diseases of the Skin
... Identify and describe the etiologic agent of tuberculosis. Discuss the different transmission routes of tuberculosis. How many people have TB worldwide? Why is tuberculosis called tuberculosis? Describe the development of tuberculosis in an infected individuals, when (a) immune system arrests diseas ...
... Identify and describe the etiologic agent of tuberculosis. Discuss the different transmission routes of tuberculosis. How many people have TB worldwide? Why is tuberculosis called tuberculosis? Describe the development of tuberculosis in an infected individuals, when (a) immune system arrests diseas ...
Study Proposal - Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory
... country (Miller 2002, Williams et al. 2002, Hobbs et al. 2001). Currently CWD is not a direct threat to humans. There have been no cases of human prion disease associated with CWD (World Health Organization 2000, Belay et al. 2001), but a recent study has shown that CWD specific prions ( PrPres) are ...
... country (Miller 2002, Williams et al. 2002, Hobbs et al. 2001). Currently CWD is not a direct threat to humans. There have been no cases of human prion disease associated with CWD (World Health Organization 2000, Belay et al. 2001), but a recent study has shown that CWD specific prions ( PrPres) are ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis
... It is not certain how most cats become infected with FCoV. Direct contact between cats is the most likely route of transmission. The FCoV is present in the blood of infected cats, at least in the early stages, and may be shed in urine and feces. Although the virus is quite fragile and does not survi ...
... It is not certain how most cats become infected with FCoV. Direct contact between cats is the most likely route of transmission. The FCoV is present in the blood of infected cats, at least in the early stages, and may be shed in urine and feces. Although the virus is quite fragile and does not survi ...
Bloodborne Pathogen Refresher 2014
... spread person-to-person through poor sanitary habits and the intake of uncooked food or unclean water. ...
... spread person-to-person through poor sanitary habits and the intake of uncooked food or unclean water. ...
Population dynamics of infectious diseases: A discrete time model
... regardless of their parentage. On the other hand, if transmission is strictly vertical, only offspring of infective individuals are born as infectives. If transmission occurs horizontally as well as vertically, newly infected individuals may comprise of neonates and adults. For the SIR model with st ...
... regardless of their parentage. On the other hand, if transmission is strictly vertical, only offspring of infective individuals are born as infectives. If transmission occurs horizontally as well as vertically, newly infected individuals may comprise of neonates and adults. For the SIR model with st ...
Chlamydia and Rickettsiales
... • Dx/TxT: – Morulae on platelets (difficult due to low numbers) – Serology IFA (indirect Immunofluorescent Ab) – Doxycycline , Tick control ...
... • Dx/TxT: – Morulae on platelets (difficult due to low numbers) – Serology IFA (indirect Immunofluorescent Ab) – Doxycycline , Tick control ...
Cervical Lymphadenopathy and Adenitis
... mycobacterium (NTM - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum most commonly). Most NTM infections occur in immunocompetent children younger than 5 years of age. The organisms are ubiquitous in the environment. Infection usually is insidious, with node enlargement occurring o ...
... mycobacterium (NTM - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum most commonly). Most NTM infections occur in immunocompetent children younger than 5 years of age. The organisms are ubiquitous in the environment. Infection usually is insidious, with node enlargement occurring o ...
HERPESVIRIDAE
... enteritis virus to its control • Explain the origins of canine parvovirus type 2 and its role in canine disease • Describe the importance and control of porcine parvovirus as a reproductive pathogen • List the species and disease conditions in which papilloma viruses are implicated ...
... enteritis virus to its control • Explain the origins of canine parvovirus type 2 and its role in canine disease • Describe the importance and control of porcine parvovirus as a reproductive pathogen • List the species and disease conditions in which papilloma viruses are implicated ...
Liver infections
... General: RNA virus, has capsid, it is in the family picornaviridae and is transmitted by faecal-oral route (ingestion of contaminated water/food). Epidemiology / At risk individuals: HAVe you washed your hands? Persons at risk are: day care centres, travellers + military personnel, sewerage workers, ...
... General: RNA virus, has capsid, it is in the family picornaviridae and is transmitted by faecal-oral route (ingestion of contaminated water/food). Epidemiology / At risk individuals: HAVe you washed your hands? Persons at risk are: day care centres, travellers + military personnel, sewerage workers, ...
Chagas disease
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects known as triatominae or kissing bugs. The symptoms change over the course of the infection. In the early stage, symptoms are typically either not present or mild and may include fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, or local swelling at the site of the bite. After 8–12 weeks, individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60–70% it never produces further symptoms. The other 30 to 40% of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection, including enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30%, leading to heart failure. An enlarged esophagus or an enlarged colon may also occur in 10% of people.T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the blood-sucking ""kissing bugs"" of the subfamily Triatominae. These insects are known by a number of local names, including: vinchuca in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Paraguay, barbeiro (the barber) in Brazil, pito in Colombia, chinche in Central America, and chipo in Venezuela. The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, eating food contaminated with the parasites, and by vertical transmission (from a mother to her fetus). Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope. Chronic disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies for T. cruzi in the blood.Prevention mostly involves eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding their bites. Other preventative efforts include screening blood used for transfusions. A vaccine has not been developed as of 2013. Early infections are treatable with the medication benznidazole or nifurtimox. Medication nearly always results in a cure if given early, but becomes less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease. When used in chronic disease, medication may delay or prevent the development of end–stage symptoms. Benznidazole and nifurtimox cause temporary side effects in up to 40% of people including skin disorders, brain toxicity, and digestive system irritation.It is estimated that 7 to 8 million people, mostly in Mexico, Central America and South America, have Chagas disease as of 2013. In 2006, Chagas was estimated to result in 12,500 deaths per year. Most people with the disease are poor, and most people with the disease do not realize they are infected. Large-scale population movements have increased the areas where Chagas disease is found and these include many European countries and the United States. These areas have also seen an increase in the years up to 2014. The disease was first described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas after whom it is named. It affects more than 150 other animals.