Lyme Disease - WordPress.com
... inflammatory disease (Trust, D. N. Z., 2016). Borrelia bacteria spreads by systemic dissemination. Systemic dissemination is an infection that enters a single area of the body, spreads throughout the body and effects other important areas of the body. Systemic dissemination of Borrelia bacteria is c ...
... inflammatory disease (Trust, D. N. Z., 2016). Borrelia bacteria spreads by systemic dissemination. Systemic dissemination is an infection that enters a single area of the body, spreads throughout the body and effects other important areas of the body. Systemic dissemination of Borrelia bacteria is c ...
Microbiology
... susceptible laboratory animal. 4. The pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the ...
... susceptible laboratory animal. 4. The pathogen must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be shown to be the ...
Non-hepatotropic Viruses
... After HAV is ingested and survives gastric acid, it traverses the small intestinal mucosa, reaches the liver via the portal vein, and is taken up by hepatocytes. In hepatocytes, virus particles replicate, assemble, and are secreted into the biliary canaliculus, from which they pass into the bile duc ...
... After HAV is ingested and survives gastric acid, it traverses the small intestinal mucosa, reaches the liver via the portal vein, and is taken up by hepatocytes. In hepatocytes, virus particles replicate, assemble, and are secreted into the biliary canaliculus, from which they pass into the bile duc ...
provisional PDF
... Lyme disease is acknowledged as a common infectious disease for the most of the world, especially in Europe and North America. The disease is caused by a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted by ticks, especially Ixodes scapularis [1,2]. It affects both humans and animals, with more tha ...
... Lyme disease is acknowledged as a common infectious disease for the most of the world, especially in Europe and North America. The disease is caused by a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted by ticks, especially Ixodes scapularis [1,2]. It affects both humans and animals, with more tha ...
What is mumps? Mumps is an acute infectious viral disease that can
... Symptoms of mumps usually appear 14 days to 18 days of infection. They usually include fever, headache, and swelling and tenderness of one or more of the salivary glands, usually the parotid gland (located just below the front of the ear at the angle of the jaw). In mild cases the swelling may only ...
... Symptoms of mumps usually appear 14 days to 18 days of infection. They usually include fever, headache, and swelling and tenderness of one or more of the salivary glands, usually the parotid gland (located just below the front of the ear at the angle of the jaw). In mild cases the swelling may only ...
Meningococcal Vaccination
... as well as sensitivity to light, confusion and vomiting. These symptoms can be confused with those of other diseases such as the flu. Meningococcemia is often characterized by abrupt onset of fever and a prominent rash. The disease can progress quickly following symptom onset. Thus, even with early ...
... as well as sensitivity to light, confusion and vomiting. These symptoms can be confused with those of other diseases such as the flu. Meningococcemia is often characterized by abrupt onset of fever and a prominent rash. The disease can progress quickly following symptom onset. Thus, even with early ...
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)
... and water afterward if such handling occurred. If these nervous tissues or fluids get into a fresh open break in a person's skin or the eyes, mouth, or nose, contact the local health department to evaluate possible rabies exposure and need for testing the animal for other diseases. ...
... and water afterward if such handling occurred. If these nervous tissues or fluids get into a fresh open break in a person's skin or the eyes, mouth, or nose, contact the local health department to evaluate possible rabies exposure and need for testing the animal for other diseases. ...
Epidemiologic concepts for the prevention and control
... flight from Asia examined -- none found with SARS, SF Chronicle April 2, 2003 ...
... flight from Asia examined -- none found with SARS, SF Chronicle April 2, 2003 ...
Swine Coccidiosis - Michigan State University
... Since the oocysts are resistant to most disinfectants, the prevention of a build up of oocysts from previous litters is essential. Oocysts are shed in high numbers from piglets in the feces and sporulate on the ground or floor of the farrowing area. Therefore, special efforts must be made to clean a ...
... Since the oocysts are resistant to most disinfectants, the prevention of a build up of oocysts from previous litters is essential. Oocysts are shed in high numbers from piglets in the feces and sporulate on the ground or floor of the farrowing area. Therefore, special efforts must be made to clean a ...
File - PCHS Health Science Education
... how germs spread Describe each link in the chain of infection Relate the chain of infection to the work of nurse aides Describe the signs and symptoms of infection to report to the nurse Compare standard precautions and transmission-based precautions ...
... how germs spread Describe each link in the chain of infection Relate the chain of infection to the work of nurse aides Describe the signs and symptoms of infection to report to the nurse Compare standard precautions and transmission-based precautions ...
elimination and eradication of diseases, with special reference to
... Infectious diseases occur as the end result of the interaction of three major factorsthe agent, the mode of transmission and the host. The relationship between these three factors is known as the chain of infection. The environment is an integral part of this relationship in that it affects individu ...
... Infectious diseases occur as the end result of the interaction of three major factorsthe agent, the mode of transmission and the host. The relationship between these three factors is known as the chain of infection. The environment is an integral part of this relationship in that it affects individu ...
Johnson et al. 2010 nutrients and disease
... in abundance whereas others decline or disappear. Nevertheless, available evidence indicates that ecological changes associated with nutrient enrichment often exacerbate infection and disease caused by generalist parasites with direct or simple life cycles. Observed mechanisms include changes in hos ...
... in abundance whereas others decline or disappear. Nevertheless, available evidence indicates that ecological changes associated with nutrient enrichment often exacerbate infection and disease caused by generalist parasites with direct or simple life cycles. Observed mechanisms include changes in hos ...
Understanding Mid-Life and Older Age Mortality Declines: Evidence from Union Army Veterans.
... This paper examines a past population, veterans of the Union Army, to establish the role of infectious disease at early, young adult ages, and later ages and of occupation at young and mid-life ages on older age mortality. It also decomposes the twentieth century increase in older age survival rate ...
... This paper examines a past population, veterans of the Union Army, to establish the role of infectious disease at early, young adult ages, and later ages and of occupation at young and mid-life ages on older age mortality. It also decomposes the twentieth century increase in older age survival rate ...
Vaccines and Herd Immunity - The American Association of
... cells that will recognize that real pathogen should it enter the body. Effective vaccines mimic natural infection, which stimulates a stronger immune response. Though many of the infections that traditionally plagued humans have been drastically reduced, there are still some diseases that are not pr ...
... cells that will recognize that real pathogen should it enter the body. Effective vaccines mimic natural infection, which stimulates a stronger immune response. Though many of the infections that traditionally plagued humans have been drastically reduced, there are still some diseases that are not pr ...
Anthrax
... Anthrax is a disease, of course. It is a very dangerous potentially disease It is caused by Bacteria called Bacillus anthracis. Neither a bacterial or virus. It’s an infectious disease ...
... Anthrax is a disease, of course. It is a very dangerous potentially disease It is caused by Bacteria called Bacillus anthracis. Neither a bacterial or virus. It’s an infectious disease ...
1 MAIN epid cntrl prev of comm dis - Copy
... • Spread by direct physical contact or breathing • Characterized by sore throat, low fever, and an adherent membrane on the tonsils, pharynx. ...
... • Spread by direct physical contact or breathing • Characterized by sore throat, low fever, and an adherent membrane on the tonsils, pharynx. ...
Data–model fusion to better understand emerging pathogens and
... models of ecological processes. The study of infectious disease has depended on strategies for integrating patterns of observed disease incidence with mechanistic process models since John Snow first mapped cholera cases around a London water pump in 1854. Still, zoonotic and vector-borne diseases in ...
... models of ecological processes. The study of infectious disease has depended on strategies for integrating patterns of observed disease incidence with mechanistic process models since John Snow first mapped cholera cases around a London water pump in 1854. Still, zoonotic and vector-borne diseases in ...
... and his colleagues (Barker 1992, 1994) linking many of the degenerative conditions of old age to exposure to infectious disease, malnutrition, and other types of biomedical and socioeconomic stress in utero and in the first year of life argues that the focus of research should be shifted from an emp ...
Dairy Animal Health
... developed a national programme, called CellCheck, to deliver realistic and achievable solutions to address this problem. This takes a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach and aims to build awareness, deliver best practice, set new standards and build capacity. The initial building blocks of Cel ...
... developed a national programme, called CellCheck, to deliver realistic and achievable solutions to address this problem. This takes a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach and aims to build awareness, deliver best practice, set new standards and build capacity. The initial building blocks of Cel ...
Utility of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision
... International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes have been proposed as a method of public health surveillance and are widely used in public health and clinical research. However, ICD-9-CM codes have been found to have variable accuracy for both health-ca ...
... International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes have been proposed as a method of public health surveillance and are widely used in public health and clinical research. However, ICD-9-CM codes have been found to have variable accuracy for both health-ca ...
The Gross Morbid Anatomy of Diseases of Animals
... Is zoo pathology unique? Certainly there are diseases that are peculiar to certain species or classes of animals, and these require familiarity with the literature and knowledge of disease dynamics within zoo populations; but in the overall scheme of things, zoo pathology does not differ that much f ...
... Is zoo pathology unique? Certainly there are diseases that are peculiar to certain species or classes of animals, and these require familiarity with the literature and knowledge of disease dynamics within zoo populations; but in the overall scheme of things, zoo pathology does not differ that much f ...
Document
... Severity or Duration of a Disease Acute disease: Symptoms develop rapidly. Chronic disease: Disease develops slowly. Latent disease: Disease with a period of no symptoms when the patient is inactive. ...
... Severity or Duration of a Disease Acute disease: Symptoms develop rapidly. Chronic disease: Disease develops slowly. Latent disease: Disease with a period of no symptoms when the patient is inactive. ...
The Lung Immunology Group Department of Biological Sciences
... • A tug-of-war between between activatory and inhibitory ligand-receptor interactions between NK cell and target cell • Several such pairings - one group is the interaction between HLA-C molecules and KIRs (killer immunoglobulin-like receptors) • Different HLA-C alleles interact with different KIRS ...
... • A tug-of-war between between activatory and inhibitory ligand-receptor interactions between NK cell and target cell • Several such pairings - one group is the interaction between HLA-C molecules and KIRs (killer immunoglobulin-like receptors) • Different HLA-C alleles interact with different KIRS ...
Medical Parasitology
... ------ An association which is beneficial to one partner and harmful to the other partner. The former that is beneficial to is called parasite, the latter that is harmful to is called host. ...
... ------ An association which is beneficial to one partner and harmful to the other partner. The former that is beneficial to is called parasite, the latter that is harmful to is called host. ...
Chagas disease
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects known as triatominae or kissing bugs. The symptoms change over the course of the infection. In the early stage, symptoms are typically either not present or mild and may include fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, or local swelling at the site of the bite. After 8–12 weeks, individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60–70% it never produces further symptoms. The other 30 to 40% of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection, including enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30%, leading to heart failure. An enlarged esophagus or an enlarged colon may also occur in 10% of people.T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the blood-sucking ""kissing bugs"" of the subfamily Triatominae. These insects are known by a number of local names, including: vinchuca in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Paraguay, barbeiro (the barber) in Brazil, pito in Colombia, chinche in Central America, and chipo in Venezuela. The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, eating food contaminated with the parasites, and by vertical transmission (from a mother to her fetus). Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope. Chronic disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies for T. cruzi in the blood.Prevention mostly involves eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding their bites. Other preventative efforts include screening blood used for transfusions. A vaccine has not been developed as of 2013. Early infections are treatable with the medication benznidazole or nifurtimox. Medication nearly always results in a cure if given early, but becomes less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease. When used in chronic disease, medication may delay or prevent the development of end–stage symptoms. Benznidazole and nifurtimox cause temporary side effects in up to 40% of people including skin disorders, brain toxicity, and digestive system irritation.It is estimated that 7 to 8 million people, mostly in Mexico, Central America and South America, have Chagas disease as of 2013. In 2006, Chagas was estimated to result in 12,500 deaths per year. Most people with the disease are poor, and most people with the disease do not realize they are infected. Large-scale population movements have increased the areas where Chagas disease is found and these include many European countries and the United States. These areas have also seen an increase in the years up to 2014. The disease was first described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas after whom it is named. It affects more than 150 other animals.