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p 1.) What is a sigma factor? Why does the cell contain multiple
p 1.) What is a sigma factor? Why does the cell contain multiple

DNA TECHNOLOGY AND THE HUMAN GENOME
DNA TECHNOLOGY AND THE HUMAN GENOME

... DNA TECHNOLOGY AND THE HUMAN GENOME • HOW ARE PLASMIDS USED? – A PLASMID IS ISOLATED FROM A BACTERIUM – DNA CARRYING A GENE OF INTEREST IS OBTAINED FROM ANOTHER CELL – A PIECE OF DNA CONTAINING THE GENE INSERTED INTO THE PLASMID – A BACTERIAL CELL TAKES UP THE PLASMID BY ...
Repetitive DNA info - A. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Most codes for
Repetitive DNA info - A. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Most codes for

... The term "polymorphism" describes the existence of different forms within a population, e.g., difference in the number of tandem repeats. All tandem repeat polymorphisms could result from DNA recombination during meiosis. Replication errors are the main source of mutations. It has been estimated tha ...
Molecular Genetics
Molecular Genetics

... 2. Review: List the main differences between DNA and RNA. 3. Provide the definitions of transcription and translation. What does each make and where do they occur? 4. There are 3 types of RNA. Please describe these in relation to their functions. 5. There are 4 DNA nucleotides and 20 amino acids. Ho ...
Microorganisms are often covered by a proteinaceous surface layer
Microorganisms are often covered by a proteinaceous surface layer

file1 - Department of Computer Science
file1 - Department of Computer Science

... glycolysis and fermentation. Lactate is exported from the cell • Transcription and translation modeled by including transcription factors, rRNA, tRNA • Cell takes up glycerol and fatty acids in order to maintain membrane structure • Cell does not replicate ...
AP Biology 042 – Biological Molecules Video
AP Biology 042 – Biological Molecules Video

... monomers together in a certain sequence/order they have a. The process of “putting monomers together” is called b. What is lost during the process of #11? c. What kind of bond is formed generally? Specifically between amino acids of a protein? d. What must be added to break the bonds? e. What is the ...
Chapter 17 Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology
Chapter 17 Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology

... • mRNAs reverse transcribed into cDNAs – tissue-specific; age specific; treatment vs. normal, etc. cDNAs – ligated to vectors – grown in host cells and screened by hybridization ...
Applied Biology DNA structure & replication
Applied Biology DNA structure & replication

... DNA helicase (enzyme) “unzips” the DNA, breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs. Each strand is template for a new, complementary strand to form. Base-pairing rules are followed. A-T G-C ...
Biology Learning Targets 2010-11
Biology Learning Targets 2010-11

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... As 32 P can be detected at very low concentrations by radioautography and assayed by count-ing techniques, 32P-labelled nucleic acids have been used in most subsequent studies on sequences of RNA and DNA. “In general, nucleotides do not fractionate well by ‘paper’ methods and we spent a good deal of ...
The Structure of DNA and RNA
The Structure of DNA and RNA

... Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people. The order, or sequence, of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism, similar to the way in which letters of the alphabet appear in a certa ...
Biomolecule
Biomolecule

... Molecular subunits can be linked to form macromolecules Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are called macromolecules because of their large size  The largest macromolecules are polymers because they are constructed of many subunits called monomers ...
Cladistics - Cougar science rocks!
Cladistics - Cougar science rocks!

Analysis and Modelling of Genomic Data
Analysis and Modelling of Genomic Data

... Nevertheless, although DNA sequencing is a mature technique and many research efforts to further improve the algorithmic phase are reported in the literature, accurate identification of bases has not yet been fully achieved by the software of available automatic sequencing machines. In this respect, ...
Microarray Data Analysis Normalization
Microarray Data Analysis Normalization

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ACT - Genetic Mutations-S
ACT - Genetic Mutations-S

Session 4 - OpenWetWare
Session 4 - OpenWetWare

... Removing DNA from a cell is a relatively simple process, especially when it comes to small plasmid DNA. The first step in this process is to break open the cells in a process called lysis. In this step, the cell membrane is disrupted with the use of a detergent and base and sometimes the use or phys ...
Genetic Mutations
Genetic Mutations

Chapter 10 Structure and Function of DNA
Chapter 10 Structure and Function of DNA

...  Change the reading frame of the genetic message  Lead to disastrous effects ...
Mutations Worksheet
Mutations Worksheet

... BONUS: You have a DNA sequence that codes for a protein and is 105 nucleotides long. A frameshift mutation occurs at the 85th base - how many amino acids will be correct in this protein? SHOW YOUR WORK. ...
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Amal Awwad 23 Abd Alraheem Jerdaneh st. Amman, Jordan

... Studied the formation of G-quadruplexes in more than 500 DNA and RNA aptamer sequences. Aptamers are single stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides that bind with high affinity and specificity to unique targets such as peptides, cells, organelles and viruses. The main purpose of the project was to stud ...
A graph-theoretic modeling on GO space for biological interpretation
A graph-theoretic modeling on GO space for biological interpretation

... Not only DNA microarray data, but also any kinds of group analysis with any ontology having an identical structure with GO ...
Mutations and Gene Regulation
Mutations and Gene Regulation

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Molecular evolution

Molecular evolution is a change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations. The field of molecular evolution uses principles of evolutionary biology and population genetics to explain patterns in these changes. Major topics in molecular evolution concern the rates and impacts of single nucleotide changes, neutral evolution vs. natural selection, origins of new genes, the genetic nature of complex traits, the genetic basis of speciation, evolution of development, and ways that evolutionary forces influence genomic and phenotypic changes.
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