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endoglucanase in cellulose biosynthesis is not very clear
endoglucanase in cellulose biosynthesis is not very clear

... Although the gene for cellulose synthase was first identified in A. xylinum in 1990, it was not until 1996 that the first cellulose synthase gene was identified from a higher plant (17). Unexpectedly, the plant gene was not identified by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments using the bacterial gene as ...
Identification and expression of GH
Identification and expression of GH

... 29 different serovar strains of B. thuringiensis and they were expressed in Escherichia coli. The ORFs of the chitosanases contained 1359 nucleotides and the protein products had high levels of sequence identity (496%) to other Bacillus species GH-8 chitosanases. Thin-layer chromatography and HPLC a ...
The use of glycogen and GlycoBlue reagent in Qubit DNA and RNA
The use of glycogen and GlycoBlue reagent in Qubit DNA and RNA

using polymerase chain reaction for detection of enterotoxigenic
using polymerase chain reaction for detection of enterotoxigenic

... Key words: Enterotoxigenic Vibrio cholerae, enterotoxin, cholera toxin, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) INTRODUCTION Cholera has been one of the most feared diseases for human. It was recognized that two biotypes were agglutinated by a single antiserum designated O1 in the 1930s. Other strains of Vi ...
Design considerations for highly specific and efficient
Design considerations for highly specific and efficient

Global MicroRNA Amplification Kit
Global MicroRNA Amplification Kit

... preamplification of small RNAs for either qRT-PCR or miRNA microarray studies. There are estimated to be hundreds of distinct miRNAs in mammalian cells, not including the many other small noncoding RNAs. Because it is clear that a specific miRNA can influence the gene expression level of multiple ge ...
Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart • New York
Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart • New York

... Polymerase II at very l o w concentrations. In most eukaryotes the activity of polymerase III is affected by high concentrations of this i n h i b i t o r whereas polymerase I is insensitive. Examples can be f o u n d , however, where the i n h i b i t i o n pattern is different. In yeast for instan ...
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CD-HIT User`s Guide - Bioinformatics.org
CD-HIT User`s Guide - Bioinformatics.org

LNBI 9043 - Lupin Allergy: Uncovering Structural Features and
LNBI 9043 - Lupin Allergy: Uncovering Structural Features and

Bacterial Survival in Suspension in Polyethylene Glycol Solutions
Bacterial Survival in Suspension in Polyethylene Glycol Solutions

tRNA
tRNA

background of the invention
background of the invention

... A biosensor refers to an analytical device capable of measuring a micro composition by using a biosensing element (such as an enzyme or an antibody) to convert a change quantity of a chemical substance (such as a glucose level, plasma concentration, potassium ion concentration or cholesterol level) ...
Gene Section LRP5 (low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5)
Gene Section LRP5 (low density lipoprotein receptor related protein 5)

... activation of the signaling pathway in response to Wnt1 was the same with normal and mutant LRP5.They also tested the action of the endogenous antagonist of Wnt signaling, Dkk-1. Although Dkk-1 inhibited Wnt signaling in conjunction with wild-type LRP5, Dkk-1 inhibition of Wnt signaling was virtuall ...
BLAST Homepage and Selected Search Pages
BLAST Homepage and Selected Search Pages

... Parameters in this section specify the search sensitivity. The “Match/Mismatch Scores” (F) specifies I the reward assigned to exact match and penalty assigned to a mismatch. The “Gap Costs” (G) field specifies how gaps introduced in the alignment should be penalized. For megablast, the default is li ...
PCR Primer Design
PCR Primer Design

...  Cross Dimer: Optimally a 3' end cross dimer with a ΔG of -5 kcal/mol and an internal cross dimer with a ΔG of -6 kcal/mol is tolerated generally.  3' End Stability : It is the maximum ΔG value (-8.5 kCal/mol is the default, however a value of -10 to -12kCal/mol is tolerated) of the five bases fro ...
53 - Lab Times
53 - Lab Times

meme
meme

... present in all of the sequences. * anr — Any Number of Repetitions MEME assumes each sequence may contain any number of non-overlapping occurrences of each motif. This option is useful when you suspect that motifs repeat multiple times within a single sequence. In that case, the motifs found will be ...
practice test - WordPress.com
practice test - WordPress.com

... a. be unchanging most of the time. b. pass from one generation to the next. c. control a large number of different characteristics. d. provide for the rare change in instructions. e. all of these Which of the following statements is NOT true? a. Diversity is the result of evolution. b. The character ...
UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI CODON USAGE ADAPTATION IN PROKARYOTIC GENOMES
UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI CODON USAGE ADAPTATION IN PROKARYOTIC GENOMES

... with the availability of a vast amount of sequences of proteins, genes and even genomes from all kinds of species, some of these hypotheses remain unchanged. From the limited nucleic acid sequences available, Grantham et al. (1) proposed the "genome hypothesis", postulating that genes in any given b ...
Natural Computing - Computer Science
Natural Computing - Computer Science

... • Attempt to understand complex interactions in biological systems by taking a systemic approach and focusing on the interaction networks themselves and on the properties that arise because of these interactions * gene regulatory networks * protein-protein interaction networks * transport networks L ...
Unusual ADP-forming acetyl-coenzyme A synthetases from the
Unusual ADP-forming acetyl-coenzyme A synthetases from the

... 0.25 M to 0.5 M NaCl. The fractions with the highest ACD activity (0.4–0.5 M NaCl) were pooled, concentrated by ultrafiltration and applied to a Superdex 200 HiLoad 16/60 column equilibrated with buffer A containing 10% glycerol (v/v) and 2 M NaCl. The protein was eluted at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The ...
cloning of gs1 gene encodes glutamine synthetase 1 and
cloning of gs1 gene encodes glutamine synthetase 1 and

... isolated cDNA of GS1 with other sequences on Genbank (Accession number X69822.1 and X74429.1), the similarities are both higher than 99%. This result indicates a high sequence conservation of GS1 gene. The gene was then ligated into vector pBI121 to construct transformation vector pBI121 – GS1 which ...
SPLIT RNA Extraction Kit: Pure Fractions for Demanding Applications
SPLIT RNA Extraction Kit: Pure Fractions for Demanding Applications

... extracted RNA. Other methods designed to control gDNA contamination mostly rely on enzymatic removal, whereby the application itself (especially on-column DNase digestion) or the enzyme inactivation (e.g., by heat denaturation) can severely compromise RNA integrity. Similarly, size-filtration based ...
Chemistry 433 BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY MANUAL
Chemistry 433 BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY MANUAL

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Molecular evolution

Molecular evolution is a change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations. The field of molecular evolution uses principles of evolutionary biology and population genetics to explain patterns in these changes. Major topics in molecular evolution concern the rates and impacts of single nucleotide changes, neutral evolution vs. natural selection, origins of new genes, the genetic nature of complex traits, the genetic basis of speciation, evolution of development, and ways that evolutionary forces influence genomic and phenotypic changes.
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