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bZip Transcription factors: Picking up DNA with chopsticks
bZip Transcription factors: Picking up DNA with chopsticks

... phosphorylation  state  of  the  protein  determines  its  stability.  The  cell  can  therefore regulate  the  amount  of  a  bZip  transcription factor  by  altering  its  phosphorylation  state.  To  date,  there  are  no  structures  of  any  full­length  bZip  transcription factors. The sequenc ...
DNA Transcription and Protein synthesis
DNA Transcription and Protein synthesis

... One strand of the DNA, the template strand (or noncoding strand), is used as a template for RNA synthesis. As transcription proceeds, RNA polymerase traverses the template strand and uses base pairing complementarity with the DNA template to create an RNA copy. Although RNA polymerase traverses the ...
Unit 28: Understand the Principles of Inheritance and
Unit 28: Understand the Principles of Inheritance and

... 3 Understand the principles of population genetics Spontaneous and induced mutations: point, insertion, deletion; duplication, translocation; frameshift, nonsense, missense, neutral and silent; the effect of mutations on variation (harmful, beneficial and neutral) Evolution and natural selection: ad ...
Ongoing strategies against mitochondrial diseases
Ongoing strategies against mitochondrial diseases

... To date, over 500 point mutations in mitochondrial genes related to human diseases have been reported, as well as several ablations and mtDNA duplications. Epidemiological studies have shown that approximately 1 out of 6,500 subjects may carry mtDNA pathogenic mutations. Mitochondria do not form ane ...
Predicting TF affinities to Promoters of tissue specific genes
Predicting TF affinities to Promoters of tissue specific genes

... addition it is responsible for correctly positioning RNA polymerase at the TSS. Directly upstream of the TATA box lies the BRE motif with its sequence G/C-G/C-C-G-C-C (Hahn 2004, Butler et al., 2002). If present, the BRE motif is bound by the general transcription factor TFIIB. Two additional sequen ...
Ghost in Your Genes
Ghost in Your Genes

ONE
ONE

... (nucleotides) are the basic units of information encoded in organisms; 2) the potential sizes of informative data sets are immense. For example, one in 100 nucleotides is polymorphic in the human genome so that there will be about 2 × 107 polymorphisms in the human genome as a whole. Thus, for most ...
New technology in biology
New technology in biology

Protein Folding
Protein Folding

... ACGGTCAG TGCCAGTC • Hence all the information is in the order of A, C, G, T in one of the chains. • We write DNA as a (long) string of A, C, G, T for example AGGCTACATAG… ...
One of the four bases that combine with sugar and phosphate to
One of the four bases that combine with sugar and phosphate to

... One of the four bases that combine with sugar and phosphate to form a nucleotide subunit of DNA; pairs with cytosine ...
A compact new computer program for handling nucleic acid se
A compact new computer program for handling nucleic acid se

Lecture 1 Introduction to Micorarrays and Concepts of Molecular
Lecture 1 Introduction to Micorarrays and Concepts of Molecular

Biotechnology
Biotechnology

... 1869: It was discovered that those who died from diabetes all had a similar issue in their pancreas with the cells that created insulin 1920: insulin was extracted for the first time and used as an experiment on diabetic dogs 1922: The first human to received insulin. Leonard Thompson, a 14-year old ...
DNA barcodes: recent successes and future
DNA barcodes: recent successes and future

... would reduce the problem of reliance on a single character and help identify cases where mtDNA behaves differently to the nuclear genome. Most molecular phylogenetic studies routinely make use of multiple nuclear genes, so this is by no means a novel idea. However, there is a snag: most nuclear loci ...
Proteins
Proteins

... Proteins • . essential life substance of all living matter . • act as structural unit to build our bodies . • specific structural chemical units amino acids • amino [alkaline substance carbon, hydrogen ,o2& NH2. ...
Restriction Maps
Restriction Maps

... commercially available from various manufacturers), with a total of 253 distinct recognition sites. It is an interesting bioinformatics problem to scan a DNA sequence for restriction recognition sites. Often there are constraints, such as the need to find the same site on two different pieces of DNA ...
Translation
Translation

Journal of Biological Engineering
Journal of Biological Engineering

... the same E.coli and applied it to another mathematical problem. This new problem is called the Hamiltonian Path Problem taking in 3 cities as a goal In past, bacteria was programmed to form patterns, shapes, and colors – using this to perhaps create distinct tissues Overtime hopefully bacterial comp ...
Translation Von der RNA zum Protein
Translation Von der RNA zum Protein

... • The termination process is less well understood than in procaryotes. – It involves cleavage of the new transcript. – template independent addition of As at the 3‘ end (poly-adenylation). ...
BMC Genomics Expansion of the Bactericidal/Permeability Increasing-like (BPI-like) protein locus in cattle
BMC Genomics Expansion of the Bactericidal/Permeability Increasing-like (BPI-like) protein locus in cattle

... transcripts of the four BSP30 genes are most abundant in tissues associated with the oral cavity and airways. BSP30C transcripts are also found in the abomasum. This, as well as the ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous differences between pairs of the BSP30 genes, is consistent with at least BSP30C ...
33_eukaryote1
33_eukaryote1

... RNA processing: Cap and tail added; introns excised and ...
Computational Modelling in Systems and Synthetic Biology
Computational Modelling in Systems and Synthetic Biology

... modular patterns exhibiting robustness, signal filtering, amplification, adaption, error correction, etc. ...
development of an efficient, high-throughput strategy for sequence
development of an efficient, high-throughput strategy for sequence

... robustly provide reportable sequence data over the entire region. AFDIL reporting criteria require confirmed sequence from both DNA strands or confirmation from two different amplifications off of the same strand. These criteria directed our strategy for identifying a minimum number of sequencing re ...
CSTA/NSTA 2014 Presentation by Dianne Anderson, Engaging
CSTA/NSTA 2014 Presentation by Dianne Anderson, Engaging

...  Not all individuals survive  Variation exists in all populations  Origin of variation  Some variation is inherited  Due to their traits, some individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce.  Changes occur in populations  Adaptation may lead to the origin of new species ...
XRCC1 (X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing
XRCC1 (X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing

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Molecular evolution

Molecular evolution is a change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations. The field of molecular evolution uses principles of evolutionary biology and population genetics to explain patterns in these changes. Major topics in molecular evolution concern the rates and impacts of single nucleotide changes, neutral evolution vs. natural selection, origins of new genes, the genetic nature of complex traits, the genetic basis of speciation, evolution of development, and ways that evolutionary forces influence genomic and phenotypic changes.
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