Modern Science vs. Infectious Disease
... smallpox to material from a smallpox pustule directly into the skin; this produces a less severe infection than naturally acquired smallpox, but still offers the immunity to it • The practice was introduced into Europe in the eighteenth century by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, who had learned about the ...
... smallpox to material from a smallpox pustule directly into the skin; this produces a less severe infection than naturally acquired smallpox, but still offers the immunity to it • The practice was introduced into Europe in the eighteenth century by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, who had learned about the ...
Eurasia and the Americas
... • Tilling by hand instead of plowing by animals • Lack of animal manuring to increase soil fertility • Human muscle vs. animal power for tasks like threshing, grinding, and irrigation. ...
... • Tilling by hand instead of plowing by animals • Lack of animal manuring to increase soil fertility • Human muscle vs. animal power for tasks like threshing, grinding, and irrigation. ...
HONG KONG—A Chinese health expert has suggested that hand
... HONG KONG—A Chinese health expert has suggested that hand, foot, and mouth disease could spread further in China, despite government assurances that all measures were in place to stop the highly contagious disease. “We have taken all the necessary measures to control this disease,” Qi Xiaoqiu, direc ...
... HONG KONG—A Chinese health expert has suggested that hand, foot, and mouth disease could spread further in China, despite government assurances that all measures were in place to stop the highly contagious disease. “We have taken all the necessary measures to control this disease,” Qi Xiaoqiu, direc ...
Chapter 8
... intermediate agent and then to a host. The intermediate agent can be living or nonliving. Vehicle-borne transmission is via food, water, biological products (organs, blood, blood products), and fomites (inanimate objects). Waterborne transmission is a major cause of death in many developing countrie ...
... intermediate agent and then to a host. The intermediate agent can be living or nonliving. Vehicle-borne transmission is via food, water, biological products (organs, blood, blood products), and fomites (inanimate objects). Waterborne transmission is a major cause of death in many developing countrie ...
Chapter 37
... Measuring Infectious Frequency • To determine if an outbreak, epidemic or pandemic is occurring, epidemiologists measure disease frequency at single time points and over time • Statistics – mathematics dealing with collection, organization, and interpretation of numerical data • Three important sta ...
... Measuring Infectious Frequency • To determine if an outbreak, epidemic or pandemic is occurring, epidemiologists measure disease frequency at single time points and over time • Statistics – mathematics dealing with collection, organization, and interpretation of numerical data • Three important sta ...
lecture notes
... pregnant women in Uganda and in young men in Thailand begins to decrease 10 Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment launched ...
... pregnant women in Uganda and in young men in Thailand begins to decrease 10 Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment launched ...
Ebola outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern
... The largest EVD outbreak ever reported is continuing in West Africa, with on-going transmission reported in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea, and more recently in Nigeria. In the unlikely event of a case travelling to Australia, the risk of infection to others remains extremely low unless there is d ...
... The largest EVD outbreak ever reported is continuing in West Africa, with on-going transmission reported in Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea, and more recently in Nigeria. In the unlikely event of a case travelling to Australia, the risk of infection to others remains extremely low unless there is d ...
Official communique: Chikungunya virus
... The first signs of the disease begin to appear between 3 and 7 days after the mosquito bite. The infection causes high fever, joint and muscle pain, rash, and headache. The disease rarely causes death, but joint pain can last for months or even years in some cases. There is no specific treatment or ...
... The first signs of the disease begin to appear between 3 and 7 days after the mosquito bite. The infection causes high fever, joint and muscle pain, rash, and headache. The disease rarely causes death, but joint pain can last for months or even years in some cases. There is no specific treatment or ...
Pathogens unit review
... 12. You fell off your bike and scraped your knee. Describe what happens at the level of your immune system. Describe what would happen if you were exposed to the same pathogens again. ...
... 12. You fell off your bike and scraped your knee. Describe what happens at the level of your immune system. Describe what would happen if you were exposed to the same pathogens again. ...
L5 Preventing and Treating Disease
... • Most infections your body’s immune system can deal with on it’s own. But sometimes it needs a little help. • Painkillers = make you feel better but do not get rid of pathogens more quickly • Antibiotics = medication that kills bacteria • Antiviral = medication that is effective against viruses • A ...
... • Most infections your body’s immune system can deal with on it’s own. But sometimes it needs a little help. • Painkillers = make you feel better but do not get rid of pathogens more quickly • Antibiotics = medication that kills bacteria • Antiviral = medication that is effective against viruses • A ...
Modeling 101. Modeling Infectious Diseases
... Public health officials and veterinarians have a number of options for combating diseases, including vaccination, isolation, administration of medications, and social distancing. However, many factors affect transmission of an infectious agent, and other factors affect the susceptibility of an organ ...
... Public health officials and veterinarians have a number of options for combating diseases, including vaccination, isolation, administration of medications, and social distancing. However, many factors affect transmission of an infectious agent, and other factors affect the susceptibility of an organ ...
Epidemiology Holy Names College
... Variola virus Airborne / contact with an infected person ...
... Variola virus Airborne / contact with an infected person ...
reservoirs of pathogens
... incubation carriers – spread the infectious agent during the incubation period convalescent carriers – recuperating without ...
... incubation carriers – spread the infectious agent during the incubation period convalescent carriers – recuperating without ...
Lumpy skin disease
... sheeppox virus for the immunization of cattle against LSD in Kenya and in the Middle East. Lumpy skin disease virus is remarkably stable. It can be recovered from skin nodules kept at –80 °C for ten years and from infected tissue culture fluid stored at 4 °C for six months. The virus can persist in ...
... sheeppox virus for the immunization of cattle against LSD in Kenya and in the Middle East. Lumpy skin disease virus is remarkably stable. It can be recovered from skin nodules kept at –80 °C for ten years and from infected tissue culture fluid stored at 4 °C for six months. The virus can persist in ...
Global Disease Eradication
... eradicate other diseases—hookworm, yellow fever, yaws, and malaria—all failed. Today, public health officials are trying to eradicate the global scourge, poliomyelitis, and the tropical disease, guinea worm (dracunculiasis). Other candidates for eradication have been proposed to follow on these effo ...
... eradicate other diseases—hookworm, yellow fever, yaws, and malaria—all failed. Today, public health officials are trying to eradicate the global scourge, poliomyelitis, and the tropical disease, guinea worm (dracunculiasis). Other candidates for eradication have been proposed to follow on these effo ...
Infection and it`s mode of transmission:
... It is defined as the person, animal, object or substance from which an infectious agent passes or is disseminated to the host RESERVOIR: ► It is defined as “any person, animal, arthropod, plant, soil, or substance “(or combination of these in which an infectious agent lives and multiplies, on which ...
... It is defined as the person, animal, object or substance from which an infectious agent passes or is disseminated to the host RESERVOIR: ► It is defined as “any person, animal, arthropod, plant, soil, or substance “(or combination of these in which an infectious agent lives and multiplies, on which ...
lec 1a
... to prevent the development of an infection or the progression of an infection to active manifest disease or to eliminate the carriage of a specific infectious agent to prevent its transmission to others. ...
... to prevent the development of an infection or the progression of an infection to active manifest disease or to eliminate the carriage of a specific infectious agent to prevent its transmission to others. ...
Bacteria and Viruses Don`t Belong To Political Parties
... Bacteria and Viruses Don’t Belong To Political Parties When a bacteria or a virus becomes a political hot potato, you know that something is not quite right in both the worlds of medical science and politics. In fact, it reflects a warping of the thought in America when the public’s health turns int ...
... Bacteria and Viruses Don’t Belong To Political Parties When a bacteria or a virus becomes a political hot potato, you know that something is not quite right in both the worlds of medical science and politics. In fact, it reflects a warping of the thought in America when the public’s health turns int ...
scarlet fever - UMF IASI 2015
... To prevent primary attacks of rheumatic fever, treatment should ensure penicillin levels for at least 10 days. This can be achieved by 7 days of penicillin G (24 million IU/day) followed by 3 administration of ...
... To prevent primary attacks of rheumatic fever, treatment should ensure penicillin levels for at least 10 days. This can be achieved by 7 days of penicillin G (24 million IU/day) followed by 3 administration of ...
5.1.2.A InfectiousAgentsF
... 2. Work with a partner and read through each Disease Card (either on the resource sheet or on the presentation). As you read, highlight key information on each disease. 3. Note any similarities between the diseases caused by the same type of infectious agent. Based on this, fill in your graphic org ...
... 2. Work with a partner and read through each Disease Card (either on the resource sheet or on the presentation). As you read, highlight key information on each disease. 3. Note any similarities between the diseases caused by the same type of infectious agent. Based on this, fill in your graphic org ...
Measles, Mumps, Rubella (German Measles) and Varicella
... What are Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella and what are the complications of these diseases? These four diseases are caused by viruses. Measles, mumps and rubella are spread by contact with nose and throat secretions such as by coughing and sneezing. Varicella can be spread this way or by direct ...
... What are Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella and what are the complications of these diseases? These four diseases are caused by viruses. Measles, mumps and rubella are spread by contact with nose and throat secretions such as by coughing and sneezing. Varicella can be spread this way or by direct ...
Should I Vaccinate My Child? A Physician’s Perspective
... had a lower vaccination rate and had 100 times more cases of pertussis than Norway. This makes sense because the bacteria and viruses that cause these diseases still exist and children can be exposed at any time. Children who are not protected are at risk. We have less disease now because we vaccina ...
... had a lower vaccination rate and had 100 times more cases of pertussis than Norway. This makes sense because the bacteria and viruses that cause these diseases still exist and children can be exposed at any time. Children who are not protected are at risk. We have less disease now because we vaccina ...
Eradication of infectious diseases
Eradication is the reduction of an infectious disease's prevalence in the global host population to zero. It is sometimes confused with elimination, which describes either the reduction of an infectious disease's prevalence in a regional population to zero, or the reduction of the global prevalence to a negligible amount. Further confusion arises from the use of the term eradication to refer to the total removal of a given pathogen from an individual (also known as clearance of an infection), particularly in the context of HIV and certain other viruses where such cures are sought.Selection of infectious diseases for eradication is based on rigorous criteria, as both biological and technical features determine whether a pathogenic organism is (at least potentially) eradicable. The targeted organism must not have a non-human reservoir (or, in the case of animal diseases, the infection reservoir must be an easily identifiable species, as in the case of rinderpest), and/or amplify in the environment. This implies that sufficient information on the life cycle and transmission dynamics is available at the time an eradication initiative is programmed. An efficient and practical intervention (e.g., a vaccine or antibiotic) must be available to interrupt transmission of the infective agent. Studies of measles in the pre-vaccination era led to the concept of the Critical community size, the size of the population below which a pathogen ceases to circulate. Use of vaccination programmes before the introduction of an eradication campaign can reduce the susceptible population. The disease to be eradicated should be clearly identifiable, and an accurate diagnostic tool should exist. Economic considerations, as well as societal and political support and commitment, are other crucial factors that determine eradication feasibility.Eight attempts have been made to date to eradicate infectious diseases: two successful programs targeting smallpox and rinderpest; four ongoing programs targeting poliomyelitis, yaws, dracunculiasis and malaria; and two former programs targeting hookworm and yellow fever. Five more infectious diseases have been identified as of April 2008 as potentially eradicable with current technology by the Carter Center International Task Force for Disease Eradication—measles, mumps, rubella, lymphatic filariasis and cysticercosis.