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...  Borrelia burgdorferi (bacterium) is spread by the nymph stage (poppy-seed sized) of deer (black-legged) ticks ... it takes ~36 hours for the tick to infect you with enough bacteria to cause disease  reservoirs are white-tailed deer and white-footed mice  15,000 cases reported in the US each year ...
aureus
aureus

... chemical agents to destroy most microbes – high, intermediate, low level  antisepsis: ...
Title Univers Bold Italic, 36pt Align Left
Title Univers Bold Italic, 36pt Align Left

... • Influenza-like-illness (ILI) • Fever, cough, sore throat, runny nose, headache, muscle aches. In some cases vomiting and diarrhea. (These cases had illness onset during late March to mid-April 2009) ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... • Albumin solutions have the advantages of lack of viral transmission and minimal risk of anaphylactoid reactions. There is, however, a postpheresis depletion coagulopathy and a net loss of immunoglobulins • FFP replaces the normal proteins that have been removed. As a result, there is no depletion ...
Snímek 1
Snímek 1

... include not mendelian types of inheritance • diseases exhibit familial aggregation, because the relatives of affected individuals more likely than unrelated people to carry diseases predisposing predisposition ...
Ethnic Andean Concepts of Health and Illness in the
Ethnic Andean Concepts of Health and Illness in the

... philosophical and ontological teachings, claiming “you make us sick”. The study explores how people’s experience of their world and their health beliefs within it, is fundamentally shaped by their inherent beliefs about the nature of being and identity in relation to the wider cosmos. Cultural and h ...
ACUTE SURGICAL INFECTION
ACUTE SURGICAL INFECTION

... motor nerves or both. When the toxin reaches the nervous system, it is fixed by the motor cells and can not be detected in the blood or CSF. The antitoxin can only neutralize the toxin before it gets fixed to the nervous tissue. ...
Mycobacterium bovis (M - New England TB Consortium
Mycobacterium bovis (M - New England TB Consortium

... In the last eight months in Maryland, M. bovis tuberculosis has been detected in three (3) U.S. born children of Latin American parents, with one (1) death. This number of cases is a substantial increase from previous years. Two (2) children presented with abdominal symptoms, and one (1) with mening ...
Infection Control and Related Health and Safety (Eklund)
Infection Control and Related Health and Safety (Eklund)

...  Treat every one as if infected with a pathogenic microorganism  Handle every contaminated item as if carrying a bloodborne infectious agent Infection Control and Related Health and Safety (Eklund) ...
Rhabdoviruses
Rhabdoviruses

... The World Health Organization Expert Committee on Rabies also recommends the instillation of antirabies serum around the wound. Subsequently, immunization with vaccine in combination with administration of one dose of human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) or equine antirabies serum is recommended. Pass ...
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

... virus, the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). First reported in Asia in 2003, the virus quickly spread globally, infecting 8,098 people and resulting in death in 774 in that outbreak. How can you get it? The virus is thought to spread by respiratory droplets (droplet spread) produced when an in ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... + children (NB: superior for resistant H1N1 in children) ...
La infección VIH tiene una gran repercusión sobre la reproducción
La infección VIH tiene una gran repercusión sobre la reproducción

... aspects of caring for pregnant women. To discuss other strategies for reducing VT, such as elective cesarean delivery and treatment of the child. 3. To draw up guidelines for suitable follow-up of the child exposed to HIV and to antiretroviral drugs. 4. To evaluate existing options for reproduction, ...
IMAGING AND BIOCHEMICAL FINDINGS IN MAPLE SYRUP URINE
IMAGING AND BIOCHEMICAL FINDINGS IN MAPLE SYRUP URINE

... more sensitive than conventional MRI in detecting MSUD brain alterations and it can become a useful tool for early diagnosis and followup of metabolic diseases in neonates (9). Kilicarlsan et al.,(3) reported six cases with DWI in which the changes in all patients were reversed with treatment withou ...
Anesthesia Care of the Ebola Patient, Practice Considerations
Anesthesia Care of the Ebola Patient, Practice Considerations

... In light of the recent care of Ebola patients and transmission of Ebola within the U.S., the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) continues to monitor the ongoing situation in the U.S. and abroad. Ebola virus disease (EVD) is characterized by a high viral load, high rate of morbidity an ...
Priority communicable diseases
Priority communicable diseases

... 1997 with 18 cases, six of which were fatal.3 The cases coincided with outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in poultry on farms and in livestock markets. Within three days, Hong Kong (China) culled its entire poultry population of 1.5 million birds in an effort to avert ...
therapeutic expertise - inVentiv Health Clinical
therapeutic expertise - inVentiv Health Clinical

... given to patient eligibility and monitoring of efficacy and safety in pediatric populations, agespecific informed consent and assent issues, and age-appropriate chemical formulations. Many of our clinical research associates have experiences with pediatric clinical trials. inVentiv Health Clinical’s ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WAS WHAT AIL'D YA' WHAT KILL'D YA'?
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WAS WHAT AIL'D YA' WHAT KILL'D YA'?

... failure.” Unless the pension surgeons noted “congestive heart failure” on the surgeons’ certificate, CPE doctors did not make such determinations. CPE doctors took the symptoms supplied and coded them as conditions of lungs, kidneys, and heart; the three were assumed to be independent of one anothe ...
Strep Throat
Strep Throat

... Strep throat is a sore throat caused by bacteria, not a virus. Strep Throat is caused by a Streptococcus Group A bacteria, the same bacteria that causes Scarlet Fever. Strep throat is important to diagnose and treat early because certain kinds of streptococcus infections may cause significant proble ...
Cardiovascular Health
Cardiovascular Health

... weeks) in a RDBPC study. Subjects received either 2.4 grams per day of red yeast rice or placebo. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was significantly reduced in the treatment arm compared to control after 8 and 12 weeks; no reported side effects over placebo (Heber et al, 1999). Reported adverse ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Unique Elements of the Twinning Methodology All three partnerships are: • Demand driven and owned by the public institution • Implemented in the highest learning institution of the country • Help to retain and scale –up the health workforce within the public institution • Focus on capacity building ...
pulmonary and critical care pearls - CHEST Journal
pulmonary and critical care pearls - CHEST Journal

... in the HIV era. A population-based laboratory surveillance study in California from 1992 through 1996 by Bloch et al found an incidence of 2.4 cases per 100,000 people. This study identified 270 total cases of M kansasii, of which 69% were found in HIVpositive patients. HIV-negative patients tended ...
FEV1
FEV1

... Total volume expired in 1st second of forced expiratory effort after maximum inhalation Normal = 80-120% of predicted Reduced in ...
Common infectious diseases in children aged
Common infectious diseases in children aged

... statistically they are the most overwhelming reason for sick leaves in school and day care. The most common infection is viral upper respiratory infection, which a small child has multiple times in a year. A child who has started a day care can cough and sniffle several weeks afterwards. The consequ ...
Clinical management of influenza and other acute respiratory illness in resource-limited
Clinical management of influenza and other acute respiratory illness in resource-limited

... a year, causing epidemics of varying magnitude. During the pandemic period, the World Health Organization (WHO) received reports of over 18 000 laboratory-confirmed deaths due to infection with the virus; however, the actual death toll is likely to have been much higher1. The hospitalization rate wa ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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