Document
... molecules are not filled because there is not much substrate. Higher concentrations cause more collisions between the molecules. With more molecules and collisions, enzymes are more likely to encounter molecules of reactant. The maximum velocity of a reaction is reached when the active sites are alm ...
... molecules are not filled because there is not much substrate. Higher concentrations cause more collisions between the molecules. With more molecules and collisions, enzymes are more likely to encounter molecules of reactant. The maximum velocity of a reaction is reached when the active sites are alm ...
Browning reaction
... –oxygen acted as an inhibiting factor with retarding effect, even if traumatism was present in the alive state. The possibility does exist that the oxidase serves to increase the respiration of damaged tissues, by increasing their rate of oxygen uptake, which mean that the metabolism of some or all ...
... –oxygen acted as an inhibiting factor with retarding effect, even if traumatism was present in the alive state. The possibility does exist that the oxidase serves to increase the respiration of damaged tissues, by increasing their rate of oxygen uptake, which mean that the metabolism of some or all ...
Bio Chemistry (Power Point File) - Homoeopathy Clinics In India
... Not all experimental evidence can be adequately explained by using the socalled rigid enzyme model assumed by the lock and key theory. For this reason, a modification called the induced-fit theory has been proposed. The induced-fit theory assumes that the substrate plays a role in determining the fi ...
... Not all experimental evidence can be adequately explained by using the socalled rigid enzyme model assumed by the lock and key theory. For this reason, a modification called the induced-fit theory has been proposed. The induced-fit theory assumes that the substrate plays a role in determining the fi ...
Document
... The NADH and FADH2 formed in glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are energy-rich molecules because each contains a pair of electrons having a high transfer potential. When these electrons are used to reduce molecular oxygen to water, a large amount of free energy is liberated ...
... The NADH and FADH2 formed in glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and the citric acid cycle are energy-rich molecules because each contains a pair of electrons having a high transfer potential. When these electrons are used to reduce molecular oxygen to water, a large amount of free energy is liberated ...
Continuous Production of Ethanol via a Magnetically Stabilized
... Alcoholic fermentation is the process of converting sugar to energy with ethanol and carbon dioxide as waste products. Yeast and some types of bacteria are examples of microorganisms that can carry out this process. Yeast are unicellular eukaryotes classified in the fungi kingdom. The most common st ...
... Alcoholic fermentation is the process of converting sugar to energy with ethanol and carbon dioxide as waste products. Yeast and some types of bacteria are examples of microorganisms that can carry out this process. Yeast are unicellular eukaryotes classified in the fungi kingdom. The most common st ...
FulvicForce fulvic acid in Sport and Training
... shown that when fulvic acid supplements are taken for sufficient time, muscle soreness after exercise is decreased and the ability to train for longer is noticed. Fulvic Acid and Vegetal Silica Another characteristic of fulvic acid is its ability to dissolve vegetal silica into a form easily use by ...
... shown that when fulvic acid supplements are taken for sufficient time, muscle soreness after exercise is decreased and the ability to train for longer is noticed. Fulvic Acid and Vegetal Silica Another characteristic of fulvic acid is its ability to dissolve vegetal silica into a form easily use by ...
Dateien anzeigen - Universität Düsseldorf
... The acetic acid bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans possesses outstanding metabolic characteristics that are favorable for biotechnological applications in oxidative whole-cell biotransformations. The key feature is the rapid and incomplete regio- and stereoselective oxidation of sugars, sugar alcohols, ...
... The acetic acid bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans possesses outstanding metabolic characteristics that are favorable for biotechnological applications in oxidative whole-cell biotransformations. The key feature is the rapid and incomplete regio- and stereoselective oxidation of sugars, sugar alcohols, ...
Genetic and Glycogen Storage Diseases
... distinguished according to the clinical presentation and mode of inheritance: [1] X-linked liver glycogenosis (XLG or GSD IXa); [2] combined liver and muscle PHK deficiency (GSD IXb); [3] autosomal liver PHK deficiency (GSD IXc); [4]X-linked muscle glycogenosis (GSD IXd); [5] autosomal muscle PHK de ...
... distinguished according to the clinical presentation and mode of inheritance: [1] X-linked liver glycogenosis (XLG or GSD IXa); [2] combined liver and muscle PHK deficiency (GSD IXb); [3] autosomal liver PHK deficiency (GSD IXc); [4]X-linked muscle glycogenosis (GSD IXd); [5] autosomal muscle PHK de ...
Stoking the Brightest Fires of Life Among Vertebrates
... the resulting high capacities for glucose phosphorylation show the contrast between the flight muscles of hummingbirds and bat species with high sugar diets and those of birds of other species (Crabtree and Newsholme 1972b) and non-nectarivorous bats (Yacoe et al. 1982). However, hexokinase is not e ...
... the resulting high capacities for glucose phosphorylation show the contrast between the flight muscles of hummingbirds and bat species with high sugar diets and those of birds of other species (Crabtree and Newsholme 1972b) and non-nectarivorous bats (Yacoe et al. 1982). However, hexokinase is not e ...
Genetic Engineering for Improved Xylose Fermentation by Yeasts
... Jeffries have reviewed regulatory aspects of metabolite partitioning [61]. Gonçalves et al. [62] have reviewed the signaling pathways for the regulation of glycolysis and Kwast et al. have reviewed the regulatory mechanisms imparted by oxygen [63]. The present review will attempt to integrate these ...
... Jeffries have reviewed regulatory aspects of metabolite partitioning [61]. Gonçalves et al. [62] have reviewed the signaling pathways for the regulation of glycolysis and Kwast et al. have reviewed the regulatory mechanisms imparted by oxygen [63]. The present review will attempt to integrate these ...
Flux Balance Analysis of Photoautotrophic
... under heterotrophic conditions was found to be 0.85 mmol glucose/g biomass/h (23). An extreme upper bound of 2100 µE/m2/s was set on the basis of the maximum available solar light flux (24). These parameters are used as additional constraints in the model. Cell Surface Area Estimation. An estimation ...
... under heterotrophic conditions was found to be 0.85 mmol glucose/g biomass/h (23). An extreme upper bound of 2100 µE/m2/s was set on the basis of the maximum available solar light flux (24). These parameters are used as additional constraints in the model. Cell Surface Area Estimation. An estimation ...
Gene expression profiling of mice with genetically modified muscle
... different GLUTs (glucose transporters) to mediate glucose entry into the cell, as well as different forms of hexokinase/glucokinase for the phosphorylation of glucose. There are two genes, GYS1 and GYS2, encoding glycogen synthase in both mouse and human genomes. To date, GYS2 is only known to be ex ...
... different GLUTs (glucose transporters) to mediate glucose entry into the cell, as well as different forms of hexokinase/glucokinase for the phosphorylation of glucose. There are two genes, GYS1 and GYS2, encoding glycogen synthase in both mouse and human genomes. To date, GYS2 is only known to be ex ...
... serovar clusters of U . urealyticum, the PPase activity could prove to be a useful marker for distinguishing the two clusters; however, this requires further study. The optimum cofactor for the U . urealyticum PPase in the assay procedure (pH 7.8) is Mg2+, suggesting a greater similarity to the PPas ...
Hepatic Failure: Role for biochemists and nutrition experts
... Calor ie r equir ements have been es timated at 25- 30 non- pr otein Kcal/kg/day. Only car bohydr ate s our ces mus t be us ed for par enter al nutr ition. Adminis tr ation of intr avenous fats have als o been attempted.(11) Enter al r oute for fats is not r ecommended s ince malabs or ption is comm ...
... Calor ie r equir ements have been es timated at 25- 30 non- pr otein Kcal/kg/day. Only car bohydr ate s our ces mus t be us ed for par enter al nutr ition. Adminis tr ation of intr avenous fats have als o been attempted.(11) Enter al r oute for fats is not r ecommended s ince malabs or ption is comm ...
Origin of homochirality in biological systems
... the present author is aware of. The strength of chiral discrimination shows up in the difference in melting-point temperatures between the homochiral crystal and the racemic crystal. A strong chiral discrimination in favour of homochiral crystals results in a higher melting-point temperature of the ...
... the present author is aware of. The strength of chiral discrimination shows up in the difference in melting-point temperatures between the homochiral crystal and the racemic crystal. A strong chiral discrimination in favour of homochiral crystals results in a higher melting-point temperature of the ...
T. TRIOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERASE Background
... • Sequestration of reactive intermediates • Optimization of catalytic efficiency • Cryptic stereochemistry Each topic will be covered below. ...
... • Sequestration of reactive intermediates • Optimization of catalytic efficiency • Cryptic stereochemistry Each topic will be covered below. ...
Fat Metabolism
... • When there is not enough insulin in the blood and it must break down fat for its energy. • Ketones build up in the blood and then spill over into the urine so that the body can get rid of them. Acetone can be exhaled through the lungs. This gives the breath a fruity odor. Ketones that build up in ...
... • When there is not enough insulin in the blood and it must break down fat for its energy. • Ketones build up in the blood and then spill over into the urine so that the body can get rid of them. Acetone can be exhaled through the lungs. This gives the breath a fruity odor. Ketones that build up in ...
File Ref.No.7054/GA - IV - J1/2013/CU UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
... of enzymes: (Give one example each from each major class and its sub class). ...
... of enzymes: (Give one example each from each major class and its sub class). ...
Enzymes
... • Enzymes are globular proteins which act as catalysts of chemical reactions • Without enzymes to catalyze them, many chemical processes happen at a very slow rate in living organisms • By making some enzymes and not others, cells can control what chemical reactions happen in their cytoplasm ...
... • Enzymes are globular proteins which act as catalysts of chemical reactions • Without enzymes to catalyze them, many chemical processes happen at a very slow rate in living organisms • By making some enzymes and not others, cells can control what chemical reactions happen in their cytoplasm ...
Question - missj12biol
... Question: The point where the oxygen output and input of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are equal. Answer: The compensation point ...
... Question: The point where the oxygen output and input of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are equal. Answer: The compensation point ...
The active site
... The rate that a specific number of enzymes converts substrates to products depends in part on substrate concentrations At low substrate concentrations, an increase in substrate speeds binding to available ...
... The rate that a specific number of enzymes converts substrates to products depends in part on substrate concentrations At low substrate concentrations, an increase in substrate speeds binding to available ...
Methane as a Minor Product of Pyruvate Metabolism
... Criteria ofpurity. The strains of sulphate-reducing bacteria were examined microscopically for morphological homogeneity and were tested for both aerobic and anaerobic contamination by using the conditions prescribed by Postgate (1953). No contaminants were found. These procedures might not reveal a ...
... Criteria ofpurity. The strains of sulphate-reducing bacteria were examined microscopically for morphological homogeneity and were tested for both aerobic and anaerobic contamination by using the conditions prescribed by Postgate (1953). No contaminants were found. These procedures might not reveal a ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑