METABOLIC AND ENDOCRINE ADAPTATIONS TO HEAT STRESS
... temperature and failure of effective heat dissipation, causes a substantial negative economic impact to livestock industry worldwide. Reduced feed intake, a typical phenomenon observed during HS, was thought to be the primary driver for the milk production loss. However, accumulating evidence indica ...
... temperature and failure of effective heat dissipation, causes a substantial negative economic impact to livestock industry worldwide. Reduced feed intake, a typical phenomenon observed during HS, was thought to be the primary driver for the milk production loss. However, accumulating evidence indica ...
The semi-phosphorylative Entner–Doudoroff pathway in
... the time the present study was submitted, the archaeal GAD had not yet been identified (however, see the Discussion section). T. tenax is a sulphur-dependent anaerobe that grows optimally at approx. 90 ◦C, pH 5 [23], and was shown to grow both chemolithoautotrophically (CO2 and H2 ) and chemo-organo ...
... the time the present study was submitted, the archaeal GAD had not yet been identified (however, see the Discussion section). T. tenax is a sulphur-dependent anaerobe that grows optimally at approx. 90 ◦C, pH 5 [23], and was shown to grow both chemolithoautotrophically (CO2 and H2 ) and chemo-organo ...
Final published version
... Manipulation of NADH-dependent steps, and particularly disruption of the las-located lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene in Lactococcus lactis, is common to engineering strategies envisaging the accumulation of reduced end products other than lactate. Reverse transcription-PCR experiments revealed that ...
... Manipulation of NADH-dependent steps, and particularly disruption of the las-located lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) gene in Lactococcus lactis, is common to engineering strategies envisaging the accumulation of reduced end products other than lactate. Reverse transcription-PCR experiments revealed that ...
Untitled - Heart and Metabolism
... Patients with heart failure often have increased plasma noradrenalin and free fatty acid concentrations reflecting stress hormone-induced lipolysis [10]. In addition, co-morbidities such as obesity, insulin-resistance and type 2 diabetes will influence myocardial substrate utilization. In the uncomp ...
... Patients with heart failure often have increased plasma noradrenalin and free fatty acid concentrations reflecting stress hormone-induced lipolysis [10]. In addition, co-morbidities such as obesity, insulin-resistance and type 2 diabetes will influence myocardial substrate utilization. In the uncomp ...
Microbial degradation of chloroaromatics Mars, Astrid E.
... Pseudomonas putida GJ31 is able to simultaneously grow on toluene and chlorobenzene. When cultures of this strain were inhibited with 3-fluorocatechol while growing on toluene or chlorobenzene, 3-methylcatechol or 3-chlorocatechol, respectively, accumulated in the medium. To establish the catabolic ...
... Pseudomonas putida GJ31 is able to simultaneously grow on toluene and chlorobenzene. When cultures of this strain were inhibited with 3-fluorocatechol while growing on toluene or chlorobenzene, 3-methylcatechol or 3-chlorocatechol, respectively, accumulated in the medium. To establish the catabolic ...
mineralization of chlorobenzene. of the meta
... been described. These organisms can be differentiated on the basis of the catabolic pathways dealing with the substituents. Chlorosubstituents can be removed by initial oxygenolytic, reductive, or hydrolytic reactions. Further mineralization can then occur via classical pathways such as the 3-oxoadi ...
... been described. These organisms can be differentiated on the basis of the catabolic pathways dealing with the substituents. Chlorosubstituents can be removed by initial oxygenolytic, reductive, or hydrolytic reactions. Further mineralization can then occur via classical pathways such as the 3-oxoadi ...
Lab 6 - CELLULAR RESPIRATION: THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... homogenate for use in preparing a mitochondrial fraction by differential centrifugation. Each group will then use this fraction to look for the presence of succinate dehydrogenase activity. The activity of an enzyme varies greatly with conditions, with the purity of the samples, and with the source ...
... homogenate for use in preparing a mitochondrial fraction by differential centrifugation. Each group will then use this fraction to look for the presence of succinate dehydrogenase activity. The activity of an enzyme varies greatly with conditions, with the purity of the samples, and with the source ...
The Biochemistry of C 4 Photosynthesis
... 1-3). The reaction mechanism includes phosphorylation of Pi to form pyrophosphate and His residues at the active site of the enzyme with 31-and/~-P of ATP, respectively, and then pyruvate reacts with the His-P residue to form PEP. As for light-dark regulation, the active enzyme having His-P is inact ...
... 1-3). The reaction mechanism includes phosphorylation of Pi to form pyrophosphate and His residues at the active site of the enzyme with 31-and/~-P of ATP, respectively, and then pyruvate reacts with the His-P residue to form PEP. As for light-dark regulation, the active enzyme having His-P is inact ...
The Utilization of Propionate by Micrococcus
... When sodium [l-14C]propionatewas added to a suspension of Micrococcus denitriJicaras, which had been grown in a medium containing propionate as sole carbon source and which had been resuspended in fresh propionate medium, isotope was rapidly incorporated into cellular components. Samples, taken from ...
... When sodium [l-14C]propionatewas added to a suspension of Micrococcus denitriJicaras, which had been grown in a medium containing propionate as sole carbon source and which had been resuspended in fresh propionate medium, isotope was rapidly incorporated into cellular components. Samples, taken from ...
Analysis and simulation of metabolic networks: Application to HEPG2
... EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The first step in the toxicity mechanism involves the interaction between the chemical and one or more macromolecular targets which may consists on genetic material, enzymes/proteins, transport molecules, receptors, etc. Therefore, to progress in this direction, it is necessary to ...
... EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The first step in the toxicity mechanism involves the interaction between the chemical and one or more macromolecular targets which may consists on genetic material, enzymes/proteins, transport molecules, receptors, etc. Therefore, to progress in this direction, it is necessary to ...
+ E A.
... The mental retardation is caused by the accumulation of phenylalanine, which becomes a major donor of amino groups in aminotransferase activity and depletes neural tissue of α-ketoglutarate. Absence of α-ketoglutarate in the brain shuts down the TCA cycle and the associated production of aerobic ene ...
... The mental retardation is caused by the accumulation of phenylalanine, which becomes a major donor of amino groups in aminotransferase activity and depletes neural tissue of α-ketoglutarate. Absence of α-ketoglutarate in the brain shuts down the TCA cycle and the associated production of aerobic ene ...
Studies on the extra-mitochondrial CoA
... overall reaction catalysed by the acyl-CoA synthetases includes firstly an adenylyl transfer step from ATP to the fatty acid, forming an acyl-adenylate and pyrophosphate (PPi). The activated intermediate (acyl-AMP) is then attacked by CoASH, yielding the acyl-CoA product and AMP [4,5]. ACS are gener ...
... overall reaction catalysed by the acyl-CoA synthetases includes firstly an adenylyl transfer step from ATP to the fatty acid, forming an acyl-adenylate and pyrophosphate (PPi). The activated intermediate (acyl-AMP) is then attacked by CoASH, yielding the acyl-CoA product and AMP [4,5]. ACS are gener ...
Microsecond Rotational Dynamics of Spin-Labeled Ca
... acid and 4 mM cold inorganic phosphate. The solution was filtered through a 0.45-pm Millipore filter, and the filter was washed with ice-cold perchloric acid and phosphate. The filter was then counted in a scintillation counter. A background blank (prepared in the same way as the assay tube except i ...
... acid and 4 mM cold inorganic phosphate. The solution was filtered through a 0.45-pm Millipore filter, and the filter was washed with ice-cold perchloric acid and phosphate. The filter was then counted in a scintillation counter. A background blank (prepared in the same way as the assay tube except i ...
An acetate-sensitive mutant of Neurospora crassa deficient in acetyl
... tively defective in isocitrate lyase and acetyl-CoA synthetase, were also inhibited by acetate when grown on glycerol as carbon source. As shown in Table 2, they differed from acu-8 in showing no growth on acetate alone at any concentration. NMR analysis showed that acu-8 mycelium did not accumulate ...
... tively defective in isocitrate lyase and acetyl-CoA synthetase, were also inhibited by acetate when grown on glycerol as carbon source. As shown in Table 2, they differed from acu-8 in showing no growth on acetate alone at any concentration. NMR analysis showed that acu-8 mycelium did not accumulate ...
HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONAL - Council for Bile Acid Deficiency
... & Heubi, 2006). Individuals with inborn errors of bile acid synthesis lack the enzymes needed to synthesize the primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acids (CDCA). This deficiency in activity of specific enzymes involved in bile acid synthesis results in diminished production of prima ...
... & Heubi, 2006). Individuals with inborn errors of bile acid synthesis lack the enzymes needed to synthesize the primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acids (CDCA). This deficiency in activity of specific enzymes involved in bile acid synthesis results in diminished production of prima ...
C454_lect12 - chem.uwec.edu - University of Wisconsin
... Inhibition of the synthesis of dexoyribonucleotides or thymidylate will selectively inhibit fast growing cells. ...
... Inhibition of the synthesis of dexoyribonucleotides or thymidylate will selectively inhibit fast growing cells. ...
Lecture 12 - Nucleotide Biosynthesis - chem.uwec.edu
... either ribonucleotide di- or triphophosphates The 2'-OH on the ribose sugar is reduced to a hydrogen. NADPH + H+ is the reducing agent. The enzyme is called ribonucleotide reductase ...
... either ribonucleotide di- or triphophosphates The 2'-OH on the ribose sugar is reduced to a hydrogen. NADPH + H+ is the reducing agent. The enzyme is called ribonucleotide reductase ...
Caspaar Bijleveld and Math JH Geelen
... [lO,ll]. These difficulties can be circumvented by coupling the carboxylation reaction with the fatty acid synthase reaction. In this coupled system the rate of formation of labelled malonyl-CoA from radioactive acetyl-CoA is measured by determining the incorporation of 14C into long-chain fatty aci ...
... [lO,ll]. These difficulties can be circumvented by coupling the carboxylation reaction with the fatty acid synthase reaction. In this coupled system the rate of formation of labelled malonyl-CoA from radioactive acetyl-CoA is measured by determining the incorporation of 14C into long-chain fatty aci ...
Enzyme -3. Factors affecting enzyme activity Lecture NO: 1st MBBS
... covalent interactions with the Enzyme, • Once inhibitor binds with the enzyme, active site is blocked and there is no further catalysis • The inhibitor can be removed from E by: • ↑ing the substrate or diluting the inhibitor ...
... covalent interactions with the Enzyme, • Once inhibitor binds with the enzyme, active site is blocked and there is no further catalysis • The inhibitor can be removed from E by: • ↑ing the substrate or diluting the inhibitor ...
Predicting the impact of diet and enzymopathies on human small
... flow to the liver via the hepatic portal system (6) and the liver, in turn, supplies biliary constituents through the common bile duct to the duodenum. The liver synthesizes bile acids from cholesterol, which are then delivered to the intestinal lumen to aid in the digestion and absorption of fat wi ...
... flow to the liver via the hepatic portal system (6) and the liver, in turn, supplies biliary constituents through the common bile duct to the duodenum. The liver synthesizes bile acids from cholesterol, which are then delivered to the intestinal lumen to aid in the digestion and absorption of fat wi ...
L-Serine, D- and L-proline and alanine as respiratory substrates of
... significantly depleted (Mendz et al., 1993; Mendz & Hazell, 1995). These results suggested that glucose is not a preferred energy substrate of H. pylori. Candidates for the substrates of energy metabolism in this organism are thought to be organic acids such as pyruvate, D-lactate and succinate. Cha ...
... significantly depleted (Mendz et al., 1993; Mendz & Hazell, 1995). These results suggested that glucose is not a preferred energy substrate of H. pylori. Candidates for the substrates of energy metabolism in this organism are thought to be organic acids such as pyruvate, D-lactate and succinate. Cha ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑