Lesson 2 - The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences
... sequence - the sequence with which we are searching Hit – a sequence found in the database, suspected as homologous ...
... sequence - the sequence with which we are searching Hit – a sequence found in the database, suspected as homologous ...
Amino Acid Metabolism
... Transamination involves transferring and amino group to another -ketoacids. Most transaminase reactions involve transferring an amino group to -ketoglutarate, forming a new -ketoacid and glutamate. An important transaminase reaction involves the branched chain amino acids (BCAA), which occurs pri ...
... Transamination involves transferring and amino group to another -ketoacids. Most transaminase reactions involve transferring an amino group to -ketoglutarate, forming a new -ketoacid and glutamate. An important transaminase reaction involves the branched chain amino acids (BCAA), which occurs pri ...
SnRK1 Isoforms AKIN10 and AKIN11 Are
... Signal transduction mechanisms that produce adaptive changes during Pi deficiency are not clearly known. Modifications in gene expression in response to Pi deficiency can be grouped into the early genes that respond rapidly and often nonspecifically to Pi deficiency and the late genes that alter the ...
... Signal transduction mechanisms that produce adaptive changes during Pi deficiency are not clearly known. Modifications in gene expression in response to Pi deficiency can be grouped into the early genes that respond rapidly and often nonspecifically to Pi deficiency and the late genes that alter the ...
The Cytoskeleton
... Summary: actin associated proteins • Different associated p proteins serve a broad range g of functions. • Proteins with multiple functional domains can have multiple functions. • Some but not all of them are essential. • Most of the proteins have functional overlap. ...
... Summary: actin associated proteins • Different associated p proteins serve a broad range g of functions. • Proteins with multiple functional domains can have multiple functions. • Some but not all of them are essential. • Most of the proteins have functional overlap. ...
Studies on the structure and function of 16S ribosomal RNA using
... are quite reactive under native conditions, showing that they are unstacked. Only four out of the 309 adenines probed were reactive under native conditions and shown as base-paired, providing strong general support for the secondary structure model. (ii) Candidates for possible tertiary interactions ...
... are quite reactive under native conditions, showing that they are unstacked. Only four out of the 309 adenines probed were reactive under native conditions and shown as base-paired, providing strong general support for the secondary structure model. (ii) Candidates for possible tertiary interactions ...
The Predicted Candidates of Arabidopsis Plastid Inner Envelope
... proteins are removed from our candidate list of 562, the remaining candidates are expected to be highly enriched in envelope proteins. After manual removal of 21 known thylakoid-associated proteins and their homologs, 541 proteins remained as potential candidates for Arabidopsis plastid envelope mem ...
... proteins are removed from our candidate list of 562, the remaining candidates are expected to be highly enriched in envelope proteins. After manual removal of 21 known thylakoid-associated proteins and their homologs, 541 proteins remained as potential candidates for Arabidopsis plastid envelope mem ...
Selective and specific cleavage of the D 1 and D2 proteins of
... pattern of the damage was quite similar in each case, although the mobility shifts of bands were marked and the high-molecular-mass aggregates accumulated in the case of photoinhibitory illumination. As discussed previously [13], the mobility shifts and aggregation resulted from the actions of activ ...
... pattern of the damage was quite similar in each case, although the mobility shifts of bands were marked and the high-molecular-mass aggregates accumulated in the case of photoinhibitory illumination. As discussed previously [13], the mobility shifts and aggregation resulted from the actions of activ ...
Protein Structure Analysis - G
... A β-sheet is formed when hydrogen bonds are formed between two parts of the protein chain that can be far apart. The Tertiary structure is basically the folding of the α-helices and β-sheets into a more complex structure by the interaction of their amino acid side chains. The rules governing the dif ...
... A β-sheet is formed when hydrogen bonds are formed between two parts of the protein chain that can be far apart. The Tertiary structure is basically the folding of the α-helices and β-sheets into a more complex structure by the interaction of their amino acid side chains. The rules governing the dif ...
DNA Specificity of the Bicoid Activator Protein Is Determined by
... Bicoid fusion proteins activated target genes that carried upstream LexA operators, GAL4 sites, or Bicoid binding sites. We used the gene activation phenotype to establish which residues in the Bicoid homeodomain are required for DNA recognition. Unlike bacterial helix-turn-helix proteins, amino aci ...
... Bicoid fusion proteins activated target genes that carried upstream LexA operators, GAL4 sites, or Bicoid binding sites. We used the gene activation phenotype to establish which residues in the Bicoid homeodomain are required for DNA recognition. Unlike bacterial helix-turn-helix proteins, amino aci ...
Recombinant DNA Technology
... process called DNA renaturation or hybridization) if they are kept for a prolonged period at 65°C. Similar hybridization reactions will occur between any two single-stranded nucleic acid chains (DNA/DNA, RNA/RNA, or RNA/DNA), provided that they have a complementary nucleotide sequence. In this secti ...
... process called DNA renaturation or hybridization) if they are kept for a prolonged period at 65°C. Similar hybridization reactions will occur between any two single-stranded nucleic acid chains (DNA/DNA, RNA/RNA, or RNA/DNA), provided that they have a complementary nucleotide sequence. In this secti ...
Expression of Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase in
... a-cardiac actin mRNAs that are coexpressed at high levels in striated muscles, in addition to two a-smooth muscle actin mRNAs present in sarcomeric muscles.20-22This results in double bands in some of the lanes in the p-actin hybridized blots. To confirm the results obtained with rodent tissues, we ...
... a-cardiac actin mRNAs that are coexpressed at high levels in striated muscles, in addition to two a-smooth muscle actin mRNAs present in sarcomeric muscles.20-22This results in double bands in some of the lanes in the p-actin hybridized blots. To confirm the results obtained with rodent tissues, we ...
Chapter 20. Proteins
... Hydrogen bonds are sharing of electrons between electron starved hydrogen atoms and electron rich (typically oxygen and nitrogen) neighboring atoms in -OH, -NH2 groups. The hydrongen atoms are attracted to the extra electrons and tend to stay in the vicinity of the oxygen or nitrogen. . This is not ...
... Hydrogen bonds are sharing of electrons between electron starved hydrogen atoms and electron rich (typically oxygen and nitrogen) neighboring atoms in -OH, -NH2 groups. The hydrongen atoms are attracted to the extra electrons and tend to stay in the vicinity of the oxygen or nitrogen. . This is not ...
GFP - Bio-Rad
... linking it to other DNA molecules. The basic concept behind DNA splicing is to remove a functional DNA fragment—let’s say a gene—from one organism and combine it with the DNA of another organism in order to make the protein that gene codes for. The desired result of gene splicing is for the recipien ...
... linking it to other DNA molecules. The basic concept behind DNA splicing is to remove a functional DNA fragment—let’s say a gene—from one organism and combine it with the DNA of another organism in order to make the protein that gene codes for. The desired result of gene splicing is for the recipien ...
How Cells Read the Genome: From DNA to Protein
... these is that RNA transcripts in eucaryotic cells are subject to a series of processing steps in the nucleus, including RNA splicing, before they are permitted to exit from the nucleus and be translated into protein. These processing steps can critically change the “meaning” of an RNA molecule and a ...
... these is that RNA transcripts in eucaryotic cells are subject to a series of processing steps in the nucleus, including RNA splicing, before they are permitted to exit from the nucleus and be translated into protein. These processing steps can critically change the “meaning” of an RNA molecule and a ...
Starting the protein synthesis machine: eukaryotic
... dissociated 40S subunit then binds several initiation factors as well as Met-tRNAiMet. The latter is delivered to the P-site of the ribosome by the G-protein eIF2 (Fig. 1). eIF2, Met-tRNAiMet and GTP jointly bind the 40S subunit as a ternary complex (Fig. 1; see chapter by AG Hinnebusch in Ref. 1). ...
... dissociated 40S subunit then binds several initiation factors as well as Met-tRNAiMet. The latter is delivered to the P-site of the ribosome by the G-protein eIF2 (Fig. 1). eIF2, Met-tRNAiMet and GTP jointly bind the 40S subunit as a ternary complex (Fig. 1; see chapter by AG Hinnebusch in Ref. 1). ...
how cells read the genome: from dna to protein
... Although the genomes of some bacteria seem fairly well organized, the genomes of most multicellular organisms, such as our Drosophila example, are surprisingly disorderly. Small bits of coding DNA (that is, DNA that codes for protein) are interspersed with large blocks of seemingly meaningless DNA. ...
... Although the genomes of some bacteria seem fairly well organized, the genomes of most multicellular organisms, such as our Drosophila example, are surprisingly disorderly. Small bits of coding DNA (that is, DNA that codes for protein) are interspersed with large blocks of seemingly meaningless DNA. ...
Comparative Visualization of Protein Structure
... unique. A full listing of these side chains is given in figure 6. In a protein, the amino acids (also called residues) are linked together ...
... unique. A full listing of these side chains is given in figure 6. In a protein, the amino acids (also called residues) are linked together ...
Principles of Life - bli-research-synbio-2014-session-2
... Figure 9.18 Spontaneous and Induced Mutations (Part 1) ...
... Figure 9.18 Spontaneous and Induced Mutations (Part 1) ...
Conformational flexibility may explain multiple cellular roles of PEST
... motifs in eukaryotic proteomes. PEST motifs were found to be overrepresented in the proteins belonging to nucleic acid and protein binding, transcription regulation, and signal transduction classes.15 They were also found to be surface exposed, enriched in characterized disordered protein database, ...
... motifs in eukaryotic proteomes. PEST motifs were found to be overrepresented in the proteins belonging to nucleic acid and protein binding, transcription regulation, and signal transduction classes.15 They were also found to be surface exposed, enriched in characterized disordered protein database, ...
Analysis of TETRAKETIDE a-PYRONE
... Significant progress in our understanding of exine formation processes has been made recently, thanks to genetic and molecular studies of Arabidopsis mutants exhibiting defects in exine structure and deposition (Aarts et al., 1997; PaxsonSowders et al., 2001; Ariizumi et al., 2003, 2004; Ito et al., ...
... Significant progress in our understanding of exine formation processes has been made recently, thanks to genetic and molecular studies of Arabidopsis mutants exhibiting defects in exine structure and deposition (Aarts et al., 1997; PaxsonSowders et al., 2001; Ariizumi et al., 2003, 2004; Ito et al., ...
Number 53, 2006 5 m sh4
... bioinformatic analysis used tBlastn to identify a region with homology to MSH4 sequences of S. cerevisiae, Mouse and Human (Borkovich et al., 2004). Alignment of the predicted protein sequence with human and S. cerevisiae MSH4 protein sequences using ClustalW showed that Neurospora MSH4 shares conse ...
... bioinformatic analysis used tBlastn to identify a region with homology to MSH4 sequences of S. cerevisiae, Mouse and Human (Borkovich et al., 2004). Alignment of the predicted protein sequence with human and S. cerevisiae MSH4 protein sequences using ClustalW showed that Neurospora MSH4 shares conse ...
S100 Protein (P)
... (1-6). Studies have shown S100 protein is also expressed in the antigen presenting cells such as the Langerhan's cells in skin and interdigitating reticulum cells in the paracortex of lymph nodes. Histocytosis X can also be confirmed by S100 staining. S100 protein antibody is excellent for immunohis ...
... (1-6). Studies have shown S100 protein is also expressed in the antigen presenting cells such as the Langerhan's cells in skin and interdigitating reticulum cells in the paracortex of lymph nodes. Histocytosis X can also be confirmed by S100 staining. S100 protein antibody is excellent for immunohis ...
An ATPase domain common to prokaryotic cell cycle proteins, sugar
... adenylate kinase, recA protein, elongation factor Tu, or ras oncogene protein p21 (8). These three structures are not only similar in threedimensional fold but probably also in some aspects of mechanism: their ATPase active sites are lined with identical or similar residues and the overall domain st ...
... adenylate kinase, recA protein, elongation factor Tu, or ras oncogene protein p21 (8). These three structures are not only similar in threedimensional fold but probably also in some aspects of mechanism: their ATPase active sites are lined with identical or similar residues and the overall domain st ...
Seminal Proteins
... eminal fluid of mammals contains several barriers that prevent the entry of the exogenous DNA into the sperm cells [1]. These barriers are identified to explore their inhibitory roles through multiple mechanisms, such as DNA hydrolytic (DNase) activity [2], or DNA neutralization activity [3], or by ...
... eminal fluid of mammals contains several barriers that prevent the entry of the exogenous DNA into the sperm cells [1]. These barriers are identified to explore their inhibitory roles through multiple mechanisms, such as DNA hydrolytic (DNase) activity [2], or DNA neutralization activity [3], or by ...
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product. These products are often proteins, but in non-protein coding genes such as transfer RNA (tRNA) or small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes, the product is a functional RNA.The process of gene expression is used by all known life - eukaryotes (including multicellular organisms), prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), and utilized by viruses - to generate the macromolecular machinery for life.Several steps in the gene expression process may be modulated, including the transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene regulation gives the cell control over structure and function, and is the basis for cellular differentiation, morphogenesis and the versatility and adaptability of any organism. Gene regulation may also serve as a substrate for evolutionary change, since control of the timing, location, and amount of gene expression can have a profound effect on the functions (actions) of the gene in a cell or in a multicellular organism.In genetics, gene expression is the most fundamental level at which the genotype gives rise to the phenotype, i.e. observable trait. The genetic code stored in DNA is ""interpreted"" by gene expression, and the properties of the expression give rise to the organism's phenotype. Such phenotypes are often expressed by the synthesis of proteins that control the organism's shape, or that act as enzymes catalysing specific metabolic pathways characterising the organism.