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Outline Part I
Outline Part I

... body color, etc.). When natural selection is at work over time, the distribution of traits in the population may change (ex: small, medium and large body size; light, medium and dark body color; etc.). You would see this as a shift away from the normal bell curve. Scientists observe three general pa ...
Chapter 18
Chapter 18

... Evolutionary change is inherited from one generation to the next. Darwin recognized that evolution occurs in populations, but did not understand how traits are passed on ...
Chapter 7-Evolution
Chapter 7-Evolution

... • Why is convergence one of the most convincing kinds of evidence that evolutionary changes are adaptive? • Why do species become extinct? • What is mass extinction? • In what ways can evolutionary trends develop? ...
Evolution Class Notes
Evolution Class Notes

... 1. Individual organisms differ, and some of this variation is heritable. 2. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. 3. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. 4. Individuals best suited to their e ...
Overproduction
Overproduction

... • Traits are controlled by genes, which are inherited during reproduction. • A population can be thought of as a gene pool. • Evolution through Natural Selection acts on an organism’s phenotype (traits or characteristics) not its genotype. As a result, it influences the frequency of genotypes. For m ...
Evolution
Evolution

... same species in a given area whose members can breed with one another  Gene Pool-When organism share a common group of genes  Relative Frequency-The number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared to the # of times other alleles for the same gene occur ...
Ch.10: Principles of Evolution
Ch.10: Principles of Evolution

... allows an organism to better survive in its environment • Adaptations can lead to genetic change in a population over time ...
Chapter 30
Chapter 30

... 1. In time, as these aggregates became more complex and highly organized, they developed the ability to reproduce 2. At the point where the ability to reproduce had evolved, the aggregates were considered to be living cells ...
22.0Evidence Evolution
22.0Evidence Evolution

... Darwin’s Theory of Natural SelectionThe process by which the organisms whose characteristics are well-suited for their environment survive and reproduce. ...
The Theory of Evolution
The Theory of Evolution

... – The shape of the beaks were adaptations for eating a particular type of food (Ex. long beaks were used for eating insects, short for seeds) ...
Concept 22.1 – The Darwinian revolution challenged traditional
Concept 22.1 – The Darwinian revolution challenged traditional

... (R) are dominant to white flowers (r). In a population of 750 individuals, 40% show the recessive phenotype. How many individuals would you expect to be homozygous dominant and heterozygous for this trait? Hint: solve for p2 and 2pq! Show your work below: ...
Part 2
Part 2

... constant but that they changed, and that new species evolved from preexisting species. • He thought these changes were caused by their need to adapt to changes in the environment. ...
Evolution and Natural Selection Notes
Evolution and Natural Selection Notes

... offspring are born than can survive  Competition/struggle for limited resources  Some individuals are more genetically “fit” than others – they are better at surviving, reproducing, and passing on their genes Result: Over many generations, the “fit” alleles become more common in the whole populati ...
UNIT 5 PART 2 MODERN THEORY OF EVOLUTION
UNIT 5 PART 2 MODERN THEORY OF EVOLUTION

... constant but that they changed, and that new species evolved from preexisting species. • He thought these changes were caused by their need to adapt to changes in the environment. ...
Multifactorial Traits
Multifactorial Traits

... – Adapted to survive in Alaska ...
Water Resources - Southgate Community School District
Water Resources - Southgate Community School District

... Talk About It The Great Lakes are home to more than 20 native mussel species. Why are the zebra and quagga mussels so much more destructive than the ...
Evolution - TeacherWeb
Evolution - TeacherWeb

... States that the gene pool of a sexually reproducing population will remain stable (no evolution will occur) if all the following conditions are met: (Average Individuals are favored)  large population. This insures that chance mutations alone will not change the gene frequency  there is no movemen ...
How to Review for Biology - Westgate Mennonite Collegiate
How to Review for Biology - Westgate Mennonite Collegiate

... 2) Describe and explain the process of discovery that led Charles Darwin to formulate his theory of evolution by natural selection. (Include: the voyage of the Beagle, Darwin’s observations of South American fossils, the impact of the Galapagos Islands on his thinking, and the work of other scientis ...
Natural Selection in Action
Natural Selection in Action

... 1) Bacteria reproduce extremely quickly, often mutate, and many can double their population in ...
Lecture Six: Natural Selection
Lecture Six: Natural Selection

... Early European scientists were creationists who believed that the world was made in seven days by a Supreme Being. Among these scientists was a young student named Charles Darwin. Darwin may well be the most influential scientist of all time. His controversial work, On the Origin of Species by Means ...
Evolution Test
Evolution Test

... a. Fossilized organisms found in layer A evolved from those found in layer B. b. Fossilized organisms found in layer C evolved from those found in layer B. c. Fossils found in layer A are older than those found in layers B and C. d. Fossils found in layer C are older than those found in layers A and ...
EVOLUTION and NATURAL SELECTION
EVOLUTION and NATURAL SELECTION

... • Natural selection does weed out individuals that are unfit in a particular environment • What’s “good” or “better” in one place or time, may not be in another • Fitness (reproductive success) is linked to the environment not progress Example: Chimps are chimps because the features they have are pe ...
Darwin and Evolution - Mamanakis
Darwin and Evolution - Mamanakis

... • The concept that the shuffling of genes that occur during sexual reproduction, by itself, cannot change the overall genetic makeup of a population. ...
Natural Selection and the Evidence for Evolution
Natural Selection and the Evidence for Evolution

...  Variations increase or decrease an organisms chance for survival. If a variation is helpful, it is passed on to offspring. If it is harmful, the organism dies and does not pass on the variation/trait to its offspring. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... environment , with adaptations that enable fitness, survive and reproduce most successfully. • Individuals with characteristics that are not well suite for their environment , with low levels of fitness, either die or leave few offspring. ...
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Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
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