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Evolution_Bio_F12
Evolution_Bio_F12

... 1. Individual organisms differ, and some of this variation is heritable. 2. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive, and many that do survive do not reproduce. 3. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, they compete for limited resources. 4. Individuals best suited to their e ...
Theories on Origin and Change
Theories on Origin and Change

... Weismann cut off the tails from mice.  He then mated the tailless mice.  He did this for many generations.  The offspring of the tailless mice were always born with normal length tails.  This experiment proved that acquired traits are not inherited by offspring. ...
Evolution Theories - Maryknoll School`s Moodle
Evolution Theories - Maryknoll School`s Moodle

... Weismann cut off the tails from mice.  He then mated the tailless mice.  He did this for many generations.  The offspring of the tailless mice were always born with normal length tails.  This experiment proved that acquired traits are not inherited by offspring. ...
Ch. 22 Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
Ch. 22 Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

... How natural selection works:  Struggle for existence.  Individuals survive due to heritable phenotypic differences.  These lead to changes in characteristics of a population over generations. ...
Biodiversity Diversity 10/27/2014
Biodiversity Diversity 10/27/2014

... Genotype- the complete set of genes in an individual Mutation- a random change in a genetic code Most of the time bad Sometimes they do nothing Very rarely can be beneficial ...
Microevolution
Microevolution

... This registered American shorthair cat is the - Artificial selection can have result of artificial selection. usually in the form of genetic diseases. Eg. Horses HYPP (Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is an inherited disease of the muscle which is caused by a genetic defect) ...
Biology 4.26 Change Over Time
Biology 4.26 Change Over Time

... • Darwin’s theory was supported by data collected from: • The flora and fauna of South America - These showed different adaptations for diverse environments but were distinct from the European forms. • Observations of the fauna of the Galapagos Islands confirming his already formulated ideas from ea ...
REVIEW DAY
REVIEW DAY

... some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation? • a. acquired characteristics • b. reproductive isolation • c. survival of the fittest • d. descent with modification ...
Evolution Outline
Evolution Outline

... key source of evolutionary change. There are two main sources of genetic variation: o Mutations o Gene Shuffling (the result of sexual reproduction) A gene pool is the combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population. The relative frequency of an allele is the number of tim ...
Darwin`s Argument for Evolution by means of Natural Selection
Darwin`s Argument for Evolution by means of Natural Selection

... struggle for life at some age, season, or year, and this certainly cannot be disputed; then, considering the infinite complexity of the relations of all organic beings to each other and to their conditions of existence, causing an infinite diversity in structure, constitution, and habits, to be adva ...
Document
Document

... • Most mutations are harmful and recessive; natural selection weeds out most deleterious genes, leaving only those that suit organisms to their environments. • Mutations are likely to be beneficial when the relationship of the organism to its environment changes. • Selection for beneficial mutations ...
Evolution Study Guide Name________________ Due 5/22
Evolution Study Guide Name________________ Due 5/22

... Speciation is the formation of new species over time as a result of evolution. Isolation of a population affects gene frequencies. Isolation may be caused by geographic factors (like a mountain forming dividing a population into two). As conditions change in the two areas, the two populations will e ...
Lecture 3 - WordPress.com
Lecture 3 - WordPress.com

... 5. Favorable traits determined by environmental context - traits that give an individual an advantage in one context might not in another. 6. Offspring inherit traits from a parental generation. Over time, favorable traits become more common in a population. Reproductive success - favorable traits a ...
Chapter 21- Evolution of Populations
Chapter 21- Evolution of Populations

... non-random mating, genetic drift, and selection. How do they affect populations? Which of these produces adaptive evolutionary change? 3. What are the sources of variation in a population? 4. Remember- species have variation that can allow them to survive a changing environment. 5. Define the term “ ...
Evo Notes 1b
Evo Notes 1b

... D Evidence 1. Fossils a) Fossils of extinct organisms resemble living org. b) Rock strata show fossil progression. ...
Evolution Review Power Point
Evolution Review Power Point

... • Natural selection ONLY becomes clear when an entire population is tracked over time ...
Natural Selection
Natural Selection

... make more offspring than can survive. • Observation 2: Resources are Limited. • Conclusion 1: Competition for survival and reproduction among species. • Observation 3: Individuals Differ from one another within a species’ population. • Conclusion 2: Fitness – the most well-adapted individuals from o ...
Evolution Test Review KEY
Evolution Test Review KEY

... Lamarck – thought individual organism changed (evolved). Environment creates a need for a certain features to be developed in order to survive. Acquired (developed) characteristics are inheritable  not true. Darwin – thought all genetic variations were in the population regardless of organism’s nee ...
Evolution – Test Review - Academy Charter School
Evolution – Test Review - Academy Charter School

... What were Darwin’s conclusions based on his observations and research: (pink sheet) 1. Organisms change over time. 2. All organisms are descended from common ancestors by a process of branching. 3. Evolution is gradual, taking place over a long time. 4. The mechanism of evolution is natural selectio ...
Kiosk Notes 6th Period April 6, 2009
Kiosk Notes 6th Period April 6, 2009

... himself, bred pigeons with large fan-shaped tails. By doing this he produced pigeons that had two to three times the usually number of tail feathers. ...
Lecture notes evolution ch 22 and 23 a.p.
Lecture notes evolution ch 22 and 23 a.p.

... 1. All species have a great potential to reproduce, and populations would increase exponentially if all individuals went on to reproduce. 2. Populations tend to remain stable in size 3. Environmental resources are limited (there is not enough to go around) Result: There is a struggle to exist betwee ...
File - NCEA Level 2 Biology
File - NCEA Level 2 Biology

... Microevolution describes the small-scale changes within gene pools over generations. Macroevolution is the term used to describe large scale changes in form, as viewed in the fossil record, involving whole groups of species and genera. Natural selection: Individuals which have alleles which are more ...
File
File

... study organisms. 1831 He traveled from England to the South American Coast for 5 years Before he believed all organisms were specifically created to match their environment. (This was the common belief held by the church). ...
Theory of Evolution and Natural Selection
Theory of Evolution and Natural Selection

... of fossil and living forms (e.g., armadillos).  Fauna of Galapagos Islands: each island had similar physical conditions but distinct species of mockingbirds, tortoises. divergence in isolation from a common ancestor ...
Evolution Notes
Evolution Notes

... and natural selection. Summarized in two theories: 1. Decent with modification  All species had descended from one (or a few) original types of life; a “common ancestor”. Newer forms of the organism seen in the fossil record are modified versions of the older species found. 2. Modification by Natur ...
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Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
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