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Ch. 13 How Populations Evolve packet-2007
Ch. 13 How Populations Evolve packet-2007

... 7. The frequency of an allele in a gene pool of a population depends on many factors and may be stable or unstable over time. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know why natural selection acts on the phenotype rather than the genotype of an organism. b. Students know why alleles ...
Evolution Ch15,16,17 evolution2ppt
Evolution Ch15,16,17 evolution2ppt

... 4. Organisms with advantages survive to pass those advantages to their children 5. Species alive today are descended with modifications from common ancestors ...
Unit 6 Review Sheet Answer Key
Unit 6 Review Sheet Answer Key

... environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. o More offspring are produced than can survive. Not all offspring have favorable traits and therefore, will not survive. o Those that survive have favorable traits. Only the offspring with favorable traits that will make them more competitive are ...
Cultural Anthropology Chapter 2 Professor Solis
Cultural Anthropology Chapter 2 Professor Solis

... producing offspring at a faster rate than food supplies increase. There is biological variation within all species Each generation produces more offspring than can survive; there is competition among individuals. Individuals who have favorable traits or variations have an advantage over those who do ...
Chapter 16 notes
Chapter 16 notes

... 2. allele frequency - measure of the relative occurrence of alleles in a population a. determined by dividing the number of a certain allele by the total # of alleles in population C. Predicting Phenotype and Genotype Frequencies 1. phenotype frequency - # of individuals with certain phenotype divid ...
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... western spotted skunk mates in late summer. Even though their geographic ranges overlap, the species do not mate with each other. What most likely prevents these two species from interbreeding? A. habitat isolation B. gametic isolation C. geographic isolation D. reproductive isolation ...
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S7L5 Students will examine the evolution of living organisms

... 1. Overproduction: This refers to the way many species produce waaaay more offspring than can possibly survive. Video clip 12:45 What type of reproduction? What is that called when the baby looks so different from the mom? Process of change? ...
Evolution for Beginners
Evolution for Beginners

... Darwin presumed that populations of individuals changed over time, and, in 1844, he developed the concept of the driving force for evolution. It wasn’t until many years later that he published his idea. ...
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... – Individuals within a species are not identical; they have variations. – These variations may affect the individual’s ability to get food, escape predators, find a mate, etc. – These variations can be passed on to offspring ...
BIOL 4120: Principles of Ecology Lecture 2: Adaptation and Evolution
BIOL 4120: Principles of Ecology Lecture 2: Adaptation and Evolution

... 2. For each inherited char, an organism has two units, one from each parent (one each from egg and sperm). The unit may be the same or different. 3. When the two units are different, one is fully expressed, another one has no noticeable effect of the organism’s outward appearance. Dominant: the unit ...
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Darwin_and_Evolution_3

... Darwin’s Observations for Natural Selection 1: The number of organisms of each species will increase, generation to generation. (Malthus) 2: In nature, populations tend to remain stable in size. (Darwin) 3: Environmental resources are limited. Production of more individuals than can be supported b ...
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Chapter 4 Heredity and Evolution

... 1. The production and redistribution of variation (inherited differences between individuals). 2. Natural selection acting on this variation (whereby inherited differences, or variation, among individuals differentially affect their ability to reproduce successfully). ...
EVOLUTION – change in populations over time
EVOLUTION – change in populations over time

... passed onto the next generation. The GENE POOL of a population changes in favor of the “FITTEST” phenotype and genotype.  Individuals compete for resources - ONLY the best suited organisms to the environment will survive and reproduce. “Survival of the Fittest” --- Some phenotypes are better than o ...
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... • Darwin was convinced artificial selection worked in nature as the result of overproduction and competition for resources = struggle for existence (members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life) – Depends on an individual’s ability to survive ...
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...  How do the various types of selection (stabilizing, directional, diversifying) affect the makeup of a population of organisms? Chapter 24: Origin of Species  Be familiar with the major definitions of a species (especially know how the biological species concept was inaccurate and extrapolated on ...
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... c. the struggle for existence b. A common ancestor d. the inheritance of acquired traits 19. The allele for sickle cell anemia persists in tropical populations because … a. It provides protection from malaria b. It improves fertility and leads to biological fitness. c. There is no selective preferen ...
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... and short produce short. – DNA is the mechanism for transfer ...
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... vary among species, but there are many overlaps; in fact, the ongoing branching that produces multiple lines of descent can be inferred by comparing the DNA sequences of different organisms. Such information is also derivable from the similarities and differences in amino acid sequences and from ana ...
Evolutionary Theory
Evolutionary Theory

... area has genes that can produce white offspring, brown offspring, or black offspring. How could environmental factors and natural selection affect which trait for fur color occurs most often?  Natural selection does not produce new traits. It only favors traits already present. ...
Name Date Section 10.1 Early Ideas about Evolution Main Ideas
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... 13. Natural selection acts on ____________________________ or _________ traits, not on ____________. Another words, it doesn’t matter if you are a hybrid for being a taster, it only matters that you are a taster for PTC. ...
Name: Chapter 16-Evolution of Population Unit Exam Part A
Name: Chapter 16-Evolution of Population Unit Exam Part A

... 4.____Natural selection on single-gene traits can lead to changes in allele frequencies and thus to evolution. 5.____The effects of natural selection are less complex for polygenic traits. 6.____According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, allele frequencies will remain constant if the population size ...
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Study Guide for Exam 4Ch14,15,16,17.doc

... 1. How is the origin of species explained by the theory of catastrophism? What was the main problem it could not solve? 2. What was the contribution of Lamarck to the theory of evolution? What were the problems with his theory? 3. What does the theory of Evolution, as stated in Darwin’s Origin of Sp ...
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AP CHs 22-23

... 1. Population genetics puts a mathematical approach to the study of microevolution. Define each of the terms commonly used in population genetics. a. population: _____________________________________________________________________________ b. gene pool: ______________________________________________ ...
Evolution Part 2
Evolution Part 2

... population loses many individuals in a catastrophe of some kind and alleles are lost in the process ...
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Inclusive fitness

In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where ""kin"" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.
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