Cerebellum
... regions probably contribute to the well known influence of motivation and emotion on movements. Whereas the lateral parts of the hemispheres are strongly dominated by inputs from the cerebral cortex, and the vermis is dominated by spinal inputs, the intermediate zone receives connections from both t ...
... regions probably contribute to the well known influence of motivation and emotion on movements. Whereas the lateral parts of the hemispheres are strongly dominated by inputs from the cerebral cortex, and the vermis is dominated by spinal inputs, the intermediate zone receives connections from both t ...
PDF
... as with the hind limb, selective innervation of the wing can occur following D-V reversal. It is debatable whether proximal A-P reversal of the hind limb, with its two nerve plexuses, would produce normal innervation, since long rostrocaudal (R-C) reversals of the lumbar spinal cord produce abnormal ...
... as with the hind limb, selective innervation of the wing can occur following D-V reversal. It is debatable whether proximal A-P reversal of the hind limb, with its two nerve plexuses, would produce normal innervation, since long rostrocaudal (R-C) reversals of the lumbar spinal cord produce abnormal ...
Low Back Pain - For Medical Professionals
... It is estimated that back pain afflicts over 31 million Americans chronically and is the number one cause of activity limitation in young adults Americans spend at least $50 billion each year on back pain treatment Within a given year, up to 50% of U.S. adults suffer from back pain Back pain is one ...
... It is estimated that back pain afflicts over 31 million Americans chronically and is the number one cause of activity limitation in young adults Americans spend at least $50 billion each year on back pain treatment Within a given year, up to 50% of U.S. adults suffer from back pain Back pain is one ...
Chapter 14: Integration of Nervous System Functions
... Temperatures above 37 degrees centigrade actually stimulate the cold receptors. C) Pain receptors are stimulated by both very hot and very cold objects. D) Most temperature receptors cannot differentiate hot from cold. E) Pain receptors are inhibited by both very hot and very cold objects. Answer: c ...
... Temperatures above 37 degrees centigrade actually stimulate the cold receptors. C) Pain receptors are stimulated by both very hot and very cold objects. D) Most temperature receptors cannot differentiate hot from cold. E) Pain receptors are inhibited by both very hot and very cold objects. Answer: c ...
Nervous System Part 6
... There is a pair of spinal nerves at the level of each vertebrae for a total of 31 pairs Spinal nerves are formed by the combination of the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord Spinal nerves are named for the region from which they arise ...
... There is a pair of spinal nerves at the level of each vertebrae for a total of 31 pairs Spinal nerves are formed by the combination of the ventral and dorsal roots of the spinal cord Spinal nerves are named for the region from which they arise ...
of 17 Keywords A-waves Sometimes called Axon
... Seen when a reduction in amplitude and area of a response is seen between the distal and proximal stimulation sites of a nerve. It is a failure of the action potential to propagate past a point, but conduction is possible beyond the same point. Seen most often in demyelinating disorders. Technical f ...
... Seen when a reduction in amplitude and area of a response is seen between the distal and proximal stimulation sites of a nerve. It is a failure of the action potential to propagate past a point, but conduction is possible beyond the same point. Seen most often in demyelinating disorders. Technical f ...
On the role of primary motor cortex in arm movement
... neural activity in ventral premotor cortex (PMv) was not affected by arm posture (Kakei et al., 2001), suggesting that the directional coding hypothesis is much more applicable to PMv than M1. Direct projections. Some M1 neurons (labeled cortico-motoneuronal, or CM, neurons) project monosynaptically ...
... neural activity in ventral premotor cortex (PMv) was not affected by arm posture (Kakei et al., 2001), suggesting that the directional coding hypothesis is much more applicable to PMv than M1. Direct projections. Some M1 neurons (labeled cortico-motoneuronal, or CM, neurons) project monosynaptically ...
Viva Las Vagus
... • A left nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve is even more uncommon, requiring the aortic arch be on the right side, accompanied by an arterial variant which prevents the nerve from being drawn into the chest by the left subclavian. • In about four people out of five, there is a connecting branch b ...
... • A left nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve is even more uncommon, requiring the aortic arch be on the right side, accompanied by an arterial variant which prevents the nerve from being drawn into the chest by the left subclavian. • In about four people out of five, there is a connecting branch b ...
Skeletal System
... Because the cord does not reach the end of the vertebral column, the lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots angle sharply downward and travel inferiorly before reaching their intervertebral foramina This collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal is called the cauda equina Th ...
... Because the cord does not reach the end of the vertebral column, the lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots angle sharply downward and travel inferiorly before reaching their intervertebral foramina This collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal is called the cauda equina Th ...
Chapter 9: Mechanisms and Characteristics of Sports Trauma
... • As thickness decreases, bones are less resistant to forces --osteoporosis • Bone’s functional adaptation to stresses follows Wolff’s Law --every change in form and function or in its function alone is followed by changes in architectural design ...
... • As thickness decreases, bones are less resistant to forces --osteoporosis • Bone’s functional adaptation to stresses follows Wolff’s Law --every change in form and function or in its function alone is followed by changes in architectural design ...
Chapter 9: Mechanisms and Characteristics of Sports Trauma
... • As thickness decreases, bones are less resistant to forces --osteoporosis • Bone’s functional adaptation to stresses follows Wolff’s Law --every change in form and function or in its function alone is followed by changes in architectural design ...
... • As thickness decreases, bones are less resistant to forces --osteoporosis • Bone’s functional adaptation to stresses follows Wolff’s Law --every change in form and function or in its function alone is followed by changes in architectural design ...
Foot Drop and the Common Peroneal Nerve
... You can walk immediately after the surgery. Sensory and motor function can take up to one year to recover. ...
... You can walk immediately after the surgery. Sensory and motor function can take up to one year to recover. ...
Cervical Plexus
... rami of the first 4 cervical nerves, buried deep in neck below the sternocleidomastoid muscle • Cervical plexus produces mostly cutaneous nerves serving skin of the ears,neck & shoulder • Also forms phrenic nerve serving the diaphragm ...
... rami of the first 4 cervical nerves, buried deep in neck below the sternocleidomastoid muscle • Cervical plexus produces mostly cutaneous nerves serving skin of the ears,neck & shoulder • Also forms phrenic nerve serving the diaphragm ...
Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
... The tendon reflex generally prevents skeletal muscles from developing enough tension to tear or break the tendon. The sensory receptors for this reflex are different from muscle spindles or proprioceptors, but have not been specifically identified. Figure 13-17 2. Withdrawal Reflexes Withdrawal refl ...
... The tendon reflex generally prevents skeletal muscles from developing enough tension to tear or break the tendon. The sensory receptors for this reflex are different from muscle spindles or proprioceptors, but have not been specifically identified. Figure 13-17 2. Withdrawal Reflexes Withdrawal refl ...
autonomic nervous system
... The effects of sympathetic stimulation, which result primarily from the interactions of NE and E with adrenergic receptors in the target cell’s plasma membrane ...
... The effects of sympathetic stimulation, which result primarily from the interactions of NE and E with adrenergic receptors in the target cell’s plasma membrane ...
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
... • sensory neurons in a dorsal root enter the spinal cord (the territory of skin innervated by a segment = a dermatome) • the monosynaptic stretch reflex arc functions at segmental level • important long tracts: • lateral corticospinal (pyramidal) tract (axons from neurons in the motor cortex that pr ...
... • sensory neurons in a dorsal root enter the spinal cord (the territory of skin innervated by a segment = a dermatome) • the monosynaptic stretch reflex arc functions at segmental level • important long tracts: • lateral corticospinal (pyramidal) tract (axons from neurons in the motor cortex that pr ...
Spatiotemporal Profiles of Proprioception Processed by
... resolution than possible from recording field potentials. In the present study, we performed in vivo optical imaging with a voltage-sensitive dye in rats under urethane anesthesia to explore the specific cortical regions that respond to muscle spindle stimulation with temporal information. ...
... resolution than possible from recording field potentials. In the present study, we performed in vivo optical imaging with a voltage-sensitive dye in rats under urethane anesthesia to explore the specific cortical regions that respond to muscle spindle stimulation with temporal information. ...
Phantom limb pain: a case of maladaptive CNS plasticity?
... A number of observations in amputees indicate that supraspinal changes could be important. For example, paraplegic individuals with high spinal cord injuries can experience pain in the lower part of the body4, although the relevance of this phenomenon for phantom pain after amputation is not clear. ...
... A number of observations in amputees indicate that supraspinal changes could be important. For example, paraplegic individuals with high spinal cord injuries can experience pain in the lower part of the body4, although the relevance of this phenomenon for phantom pain after amputation is not clear. ...
The Role of Spasticity in Functional Neurorehabilitation
... to changes in motoneural intrinsic properties, such as the activation of persistent inward currents (PICS) and depolarizations of the membrane potential [2,22,23]. PICS are depolarizing currents that do not inactivate with prolonged membrane depolarization, and are regulated by monoaminergic centers ...
... to changes in motoneural intrinsic properties, such as the activation of persistent inward currents (PICS) and depolarizations of the membrane potential [2,22,23]. PICS are depolarizing currents that do not inactivate with prolonged membrane depolarization, and are regulated by monoaminergic centers ...
Cutaneous mechanoreceptors
... Merkel’s discs (or Merkel’s nerve endings) are sensitive to touch. The information they provide are those regarding pressure and texture. They are classified as slowly adapting mechanoreceptors. In mammals, Merkel nerve endings have a wide distribution. Merkel nerve endings are found in the basal la ...
... Merkel’s discs (or Merkel’s nerve endings) are sensitive to touch. The information they provide are those regarding pressure and texture. They are classified as slowly adapting mechanoreceptors. In mammals, Merkel nerve endings have a wide distribution. Merkel nerve endings are found in the basal la ...
Mucosal Wave Movement
... 1854 Manuel Garcia, a Spanish-born voice teacher first visualized his larynx with a small dental mirror using sunlight as a light source. • 1895, Oertel - first laryngostroboscope. ...
... 1854 Manuel Garcia, a Spanish-born voice teacher first visualized his larynx with a small dental mirror using sunlight as a light source. • 1895, Oertel - first laryngostroboscope. ...
The Nervous System
... – The opening of these channels accelerates the movement of ions across the plasma membrane, resulting in a change in membrane potential • Depolarization is a shift towards a more positive (0 mV) membrane potential – Ex) The opening of gated sodium channels accelerates the entry of Na+ into the cell ...
... – The opening of these channels accelerates the movement of ions across the plasma membrane, resulting in a change in membrane potential • Depolarization is a shift towards a more positive (0 mV) membrane potential – Ex) The opening of gated sodium channels accelerates the entry of Na+ into the cell ...
the neurochemistry of sleep paralysis
... 105 percent increase in masseter muscle tone during REM sleep. The muscle tone level during REM sleep was similar to the level observed during normal non-REM sleep. This indicated that REM sleep muscle atonia is triggered by the combined activation of both GABA receptors (i.e., GABAA and GABAB) and ...
... 105 percent increase in masseter muscle tone during REM sleep. The muscle tone level during REM sleep was similar to the level observed during normal non-REM sleep. This indicated that REM sleep muscle atonia is triggered by the combined activation of both GABA receptors (i.e., GABAA and GABAB) and ...
The Nervous System
... neurones & interneurones What are the myelin forming cells called in the brain & spinal cord What forms individual myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system What are nodes of ranvier What is the function of a myelin sheath What do glial cells surround What is the function of glial cells What a ...
... neurones & interneurones What are the myelin forming cells called in the brain & spinal cord What forms individual myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system What are nodes of ranvier What is the function of a myelin sheath What do glial cells surround What is the function of glial cells What a ...
Proprioception
Proprioception (/ˌproʊpri.ɵˈsɛpʃən/ PRO-pree-o-SEP-shən), from Latin proprius, meaning ""one's own"", ""individual,"" and capio, capere, to take or grasp, is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body and strength of effort being employed in movement. In humans, it is provided by proprioceptors in skeletal striated muscles (muscle spindles) and tendons (Golgi tendon organ) and the fibrous capsules in joints. It is distinguished from exteroception, by which one perceives the outside world, and interoception, by which one perceives pain, hunger, etc., and the movement of internal organs. The brain integrates information from proprioception and from the vestibular system into its overall sense of body position, movement, and acceleration. The word kinesthesia or kinæsthesia (kinesthetic sense) strictly means movement sense, but has been used inconsistently to refer either to proprioception alone or to the brain's integration of proprioceptive and vestibular inputs.