CALPAIN: TRANSITIONING FROM THE USE OF THE
... motility and apoptosis but when over-activated they contribute to diseases ranging from ischemic injury to neurodegenerative disorders. The major calpain isoforms µ- and m- are large heterodimeric enzymes that are subject to autoproteolysis and aggregation when activated by Ca2+. To avoid these comp ...
... motility and apoptosis but when over-activated they contribute to diseases ranging from ischemic injury to neurodegenerative disorders. The major calpain isoforms µ- and m- are large heterodimeric enzymes that are subject to autoproteolysis and aggregation when activated by Ca2+. To avoid these comp ...
Beta-alanine Supplementation
... The potential for increasing intramuscular carnosine stores over time with beta-alanine supplementation has been explored in a number of studies – Similar level of interest as creatine supplementation – Evaluated effects on carnosine stores in various muscles and fiber types – Evaluated effects on ...
... The potential for increasing intramuscular carnosine stores over time with beta-alanine supplementation has been explored in a number of studies – Similar level of interest as creatine supplementation – Evaluated effects on carnosine stores in various muscles and fiber types – Evaluated effects on ...
Cardiac Ionic Currents and Acute Ischemia
... (LCAC) increase (772), the mitochondrial membrane becomes abnormally leaky through activation of the megachannel or transition pore in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Efflux of ATP through the plasma membrane is an additional reason for a fall of intracellular ATP. In the extracellular medi ...
... (LCAC) increase (772), the mitochondrial membrane becomes abnormally leaky through activation of the megachannel or transition pore in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. Efflux of ATP through the plasma membrane is an additional reason for a fall of intracellular ATP. In the extracellular medi ...
Stockholm University
... to protonation, which most likely is the main reason for the differences in chemical shifts. Other amino acid residues that are significantly affected by the change in pH are A2 and Q6. The Hα chemical shifts for both these residues are likely to be influenced by the change in environment of E1 and E3 ...
... to protonation, which most likely is the main reason for the differences in chemical shifts. Other amino acid residues that are significantly affected by the change in pH are A2 and Q6. The Hα chemical shifts for both these residues are likely to be influenced by the change in environment of E1 and E3 ...
Essentiality of Histidine in Ruminant and Other Animals Including
... ABSTRACT : Concept and establishment of essential amino acids in animals and human beings rendered immeasurable contributions to animal production and human health. In ruminant animals, however, essential amino acids have never been completely established. The present review proposes a hypothesis th ...
... ABSTRACT : Concept and establishment of essential amino acids in animals and human beings rendered immeasurable contributions to animal production and human health. In ruminant animals, however, essential amino acids have never been completely established. The present review proposes a hypothesis th ...
Molecular evolution before the origin of species
... four N-fixer amino acids, Asp1, Glu1, Asn2, Gln2 (Davis, 1999a). They form on paths extending only 1 or 2 reaction steps from the citrate cycle. The earliest proteins, consequently, had polyanionic quaternary residue sequences. The ‘before and after’ order of codon sets assigned to 11 distinct precur ...
... four N-fixer amino acids, Asp1, Glu1, Asn2, Gln2 (Davis, 1999a). They form on paths extending only 1 or 2 reaction steps from the citrate cycle. The earliest proteins, consequently, had polyanionic quaternary residue sequences. The ‘before and after’ order of codon sets assigned to 11 distinct precur ...
Article The Evolution of Momordica Cyclic Peptides
... peptides, each terminating with an acyclic peptide (the list of the encoded peptides is given in supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online, and a representation of the precursors is given in fig. 3A). Two of the encoded cyclic peptides, that is, MCoTI-II and MCoTI-IV (hereafter, we remov ...
... peptides, each terminating with an acyclic peptide (the list of the encoded peptides is given in supplementary table S1, Supplementary Material online, and a representation of the precursors is given in fig. 3A). Two of the encoded cyclic peptides, that is, MCoTI-II and MCoTI-IV (hereafter, we remov ...
Identification of the Amino Terminus of Neuronal Ca2
... al., 1997; Qin et al., 1997). It is of interest that these effects are attenuated by the presence of accessory V DCC b subunits, suggesting f unctional competition, as previously hypothesized (Campbell et al., 1995b). In contrast, rat brain a1E(rbEII) (Soong et al., 1993) shows no G-protein modulati ...
... al., 1997; Qin et al., 1997). It is of interest that these effects are attenuated by the presence of accessory V DCC b subunits, suggesting f unctional competition, as previously hypothesized (Campbell et al., 1995b). In contrast, rat brain a1E(rbEII) (Soong et al., 1993) shows no G-protein modulati ...
Oral free and dipeptide forms of glutamine supplementation
... Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of oral supplementation with L-glutamine plus L-alanine (GLNþALA), both in the free form and L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide (DIP) in endotoxemic mice. Methods: B6.129 F2/J mice were subjected to endotoxemia (Escherichia coli lipopo ...
... Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of oral supplementation with L-glutamine plus L-alanine (GLNþALA), both in the free form and L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide (DIP) in endotoxemic mice. Methods: B6.129 F2/J mice were subjected to endotoxemia (Escherichia coli lipopo ...
Deleterious effects of amyloid beta peptide in the neuromuscular
... Pre-treatment of 1 h with Riluzole (5 µmol/L) displayed a significant protective effect on the mean size of NMJ after 24 h and 48 h of exposure to Aβ (2,5 µmol/L). Riluzole, a Na+ channel blocker, fully protected NMJ from Aβ injuries. Riluzole is known to reduce intracellular increases of Na+ and to ...
... Pre-treatment of 1 h with Riluzole (5 µmol/L) displayed a significant protective effect on the mean size of NMJ after 24 h and 48 h of exposure to Aβ (2,5 µmol/L). Riluzole, a Na+ channel blocker, fully protected NMJ from Aβ injuries. Riluzole is known to reduce intracellular increases of Na+ and to ...
Maize EMBRYO SAC family peptides interact differentially with
... ES1, ES2, ES3, and ES4 are highly similar and have in common a conserved defensin/DEFL motif of eight cysteines forming four intramolecular disulfide bridges. A black arrowhead marks predicted cleavage sites. Asterisks indicate identical amino acids of ES1–4 and double colons indicate mismatches. ES ...
... ES1, ES2, ES3, and ES4 are highly similar and have in common a conserved defensin/DEFL motif of eight cysteines forming four intramolecular disulfide bridges. A black arrowhead marks predicted cleavage sites. Asterisks indicate identical amino acids of ES1–4 and double colons indicate mismatches. ES ...
Structure of the Transmembrane Cysteine Residues in
... groups in the phospholamban pentameric complex. Phospholamban is a 52 residue noncovalent homopentameric membrane protein found in the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (Tada & Kadoma, 1989). Its function is the regulation of the resident Ca2+ ATPase. Phospholamban’s affinity towards the Ca2+ ATPase is ...
... groups in the phospholamban pentameric complex. Phospholamban is a 52 residue noncovalent homopentameric membrane protein found in the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (Tada & Kadoma, 1989). Its function is the regulation of the resident Ca2+ ATPase. Phospholamban’s affinity towards the Ca2+ ATPase is ...
Potassium channels in C. elegans
... channels are widely expressed in brain, muscle and heart where they control complex waveforms of electrical activity. They are also widely expressed in tissues outside the nervous system such as cells of the immune system (Cahalan and Chandy, 1997). Four conserved subfamilies, first cloned from Dros ...
... channels are widely expressed in brain, muscle and heart where they control complex waveforms of electrical activity. They are also widely expressed in tissues outside the nervous system such as cells of the immune system (Cahalan and Chandy, 1997). Four conserved subfamilies, first cloned from Dros ...
A Strongly Inwardly Rectifying K+ Channel that Is Sensitive to ATP
... The recent cloning of inwardly rectifying Kt channels (Dascal et al., 1993; Ho et al., 1993; Kubo et al., 1993a,b; Ashford et al., 1994; Ishii et al., 1994; Makhina et al., 1994; Morishige et al., 1994; PCrier et al., 1994; Stanfield et al., 1994; Takahashi et al., 1994; Tang and Yang, 1994; Bredt e ...
... The recent cloning of inwardly rectifying Kt channels (Dascal et al., 1993; Ho et al., 1993; Kubo et al., 1993a,b; Ashford et al., 1994; Ishii et al., 1994; Makhina et al., 1994; Morishige et al., 1994; PCrier et al., 1994; Stanfield et al., 1994; Takahashi et al., 1994; Tang and Yang, 1994; Bredt e ...
http://www.utdallas.edu/~tres/papers/Disterhoftetal1994.pdf
... citric acid cycle enzyme aconitase, and DNA synthesi~.~.~ Thus, it is likely that even a small disruption of normal calcium homeostasis could have devastating consequences for neurons. These kinds of cascades and the evidence for them are discussed at length in other chapters within this volume. At ...
... citric acid cycle enzyme aconitase, and DNA synthesi~.~.~ Thus, it is likely that even a small disruption of normal calcium homeostasis could have devastating consequences for neurons. These kinds of cascades and the evidence for them are discussed at length in other chapters within this volume. At ...
Role of the cytoskeleton in communication between L
... oxidase and nitric oxide synthase. In vascular tissue NAD(P)H oxidase is recognized as the predominant source of superoxide generation.82 In cardiac myocytes mitochondria have been demonstrated to play a major role in the generation of ROS during acute changes in cellular redox state.83,84 NADPH oxi ...
... oxidase and nitric oxide synthase. In vascular tissue NAD(P)H oxidase is recognized as the predominant source of superoxide generation.82 In cardiac myocytes mitochondria have been demonstrated to play a major role in the generation of ROS during acute changes in cellular redox state.83,84 NADPH oxi ...
ER calcium release promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatic
... biology: oxidative metabolism and apoptosis. Calcium ions act as essential cofactors by activating several CAC enzymes, particularly dehydrogenases, and transporters involved in the malateeaspartate redox shuttle [17e20]. Calcium fluxes also initiate mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Pro- and anti-ap ...
... biology: oxidative metabolism and apoptosis. Calcium ions act as essential cofactors by activating several CAC enzymes, particularly dehydrogenases, and transporters involved in the malateeaspartate redox shuttle [17e20]. Calcium fluxes also initiate mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. Pro- and anti-ap ...
Cleavage, Deprotection and Isolation of Peptides after Fmoc Synthesis
... peptide molecules . Disulfide bonds can be reduced using DTT. However, some aggregates are very difficult to reduce. Since oxidation occurs most frequently after exposure of the deprotected peptide to air, care should be taken to keep the peptide as anaerobic as possible when multiple cysteines are ...
... peptide molecules . Disulfide bonds can be reduced using DTT. However, some aggregates are very difficult to reduce. Since oxidation occurs most frequently after exposure of the deprotected peptide to air, care should be taken to keep the peptide as anaerobic as possible when multiple cysteines are ...
Papazian Lab Homepage Electrical excitability in the brain
... molecular to the behavioral. We are studying how voltage controls the activity of K+ channels, how changes in channel function or expression affect the firing patterns of neurons and the emergent properties of neuronal circuits, and how altering neuronal excitability affects behavior. We are also in ...
... molecular to the behavioral. We are studying how voltage controls the activity of K+ channels, how changes in channel function or expression affect the firing patterns of neurons and the emergent properties of neuronal circuits, and how altering neuronal excitability affects behavior. We are also in ...
Ischemic dysfunction in transgenic mice expressing - AJP
... replacement of these with alanine results in nearcomplete preservation in ATPase activity in response to PKC. Also, Takeishi et al. (27) have demonstrated that in vivo phosphorylation of TnI by PKC decreases myofilament responsiveness to calcium and contractility. In hearts, in which the PKC sites a ...
... replacement of these with alanine results in nearcomplete preservation in ATPase activity in response to PKC. Also, Takeishi et al. (27) have demonstrated that in vivo phosphorylation of TnI by PKC decreases myofilament responsiveness to calcium and contractility. In hearts, in which the PKC sites a ...
幻灯片 1 - 湖北师范学院生命科学学院
... 2.3.2 Only the L-amino acids have been found in proteins (Disomers have been found only in small peptides of bacteria cell walls and in some peptide antibiotics). 2.3.3 The correlation of structure (or configuration) with optical rotation is very complex and has not been successful to date! (i.e., t ...
... 2.3.2 Only the L-amino acids have been found in proteins (Disomers have been found only in small peptides of bacteria cell walls and in some peptide antibiotics). 2.3.3 The correlation of structure (or configuration) with optical rotation is very complex and has not been successful to date! (i.e., t ...
- Sportscience
... quality protein in their diet, and/or train at altitude may be susceptible to protein malnutrition (Kreider, 1999). In theory, this state could slow tissue growth and/or recovery from training. On the other hand, ingesting more protein than necessary to maintain protein balance during training (e.g. ...
... quality protein in their diet, and/or train at altitude may be susceptible to protein malnutrition (Kreider, 1999). In theory, this state could slow tissue growth and/or recovery from training. On the other hand, ingesting more protein than necessary to maintain protein balance during training (e.g. ...
Effects of Long-Term Thyroid Hormone Level Alterations, n
... reduce high levels of serum lipids (cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides) and to prevent cardiovascular disease. They are used when dietary regimens and life style changes (body mass reduction and exercise) are not sufficient. On the other hand, it is well known that chronic administration of statins ...
... reduce high levels of serum lipids (cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides) and to prevent cardiovascular disease. They are used when dietary regimens and life style changes (body mass reduction and exercise) are not sufficient. On the other hand, it is well known that chronic administration of statins ...
V U Z (vzw)
... Plant and animal (e.g. snake, scorpion) toxins have proven to be extremely useful in defining key components of vital physiological systems. As extensively reviewed in Trends in Neurosciences (supplement on neurotoxins, June 1996) neuromuscular and neuronal transmission may be blocked at the level o ...
... Plant and animal (e.g. snake, scorpion) toxins have proven to be extremely useful in defining key components of vital physiological systems. As extensively reviewed in Trends in Neurosciences (supplement on neurotoxins, June 1996) neuromuscular and neuronal transmission may be blocked at the level o ...
Calciseptine
Calciseptine (CaS) is a natural neurotoxin isolated from the black mamba Dendroaspis p. polylepis venom. This toxin consists of 60 amino acids with four disulfide bonds. Calciseptine specifically blocks L-type calcium channels, but not other voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels such as N-type and T-type channels.