Prions: Infectious Proteins with Genetic Properties
... Prion-like properties of the proteins Sup35p, Ure2p, and Het-s. In 1994 it was shown that the genetic properties of the [PSI+] and [URE3] determinants may be explained in the framework of the prion concept [26]. The role of the corresponding prions could be played by the proteins encoded by the SUP3 ...
... Prion-like properties of the proteins Sup35p, Ure2p, and Het-s. In 1994 it was shown that the genetic properties of the [PSI+] and [URE3] determinants may be explained in the framework of the prion concept [26]. The role of the corresponding prions could be played by the proteins encoded by the SUP3 ...
Evidence for an Outer Membrane
... immunoglobulin light chains were originally synthesized in precursor form and processed cotranslationally to the mature form by microsome vesicles. ...
... immunoglobulin light chains were originally synthesized in precursor form and processed cotranslationally to the mature form by microsome vesicles. ...
Genetic Analysis of Amino Acid Accumulation in
... first common step in the synthesis of branched amino acids derived from pyruvate and Thr, is downregulated by o2, and this could decrease the level of Val and Leu. In addition, several investigators demonstrated that cytosolic pyruvate phosphate dikinase (cyPPDK) is activated by the O2 gene (Gallusc ...
... first common step in the synthesis of branched amino acids derived from pyruvate and Thr, is downregulated by o2, and this could decrease the level of Val and Leu. In addition, several investigators demonstrated that cytosolic pyruvate phosphate dikinase (cyPPDK) is activated by the O2 gene (Gallusc ...
... rainbow trout and carp did. The two cDNAs code for two very abundant plasma proteins LALl (105 amino acids) and LAL2 (191 amino acids) that have characteristics of typical mammalian apolipoproteins. However, no definitive assignment of the two lamprey proteins to typical mammalian apolipoprotein cla ...
Site-selective incorporation and ligation of
... functionalisation of proteins. All of these methodologies share one common drawback however, in that site-selectivity cannot be achieved when more than one of these amino acid side chains is present within a protein. In recent years more nuanced protein labelling strategies have emerged; these strat ...
... functionalisation of proteins. All of these methodologies share one common drawback however, in that site-selectivity cannot be achieved when more than one of these amino acid side chains is present within a protein. In recent years more nuanced protein labelling strategies have emerged; these strat ...
Biology 12 - Biologically Important Molecules
... 14. Nucleotides on a single strand are connected together by bonds that form between the _______________ of one nucleotide and the _______________ of the other nucleotide. 15. Three molecules composed of nucleotides are _____________________________ 16. _______________ are lipids containing phosphor ...
... 14. Nucleotides on a single strand are connected together by bonds that form between the _______________ of one nucleotide and the _______________ of the other nucleotide. 15. Three molecules composed of nucleotides are _____________________________ 16. _______________ are lipids containing phosphor ...
View/Open
... Metabolism can be defined as the sum total of all chemical transformations that occur in cells (Stanier, Adelberg & Ingraham 1980). Fermentation is a metabolic process in which carbohydrates and related compounds are oxidised with the release of energy in the absence of any external electron accepto ...
... Metabolism can be defined as the sum total of all chemical transformations that occur in cells (Stanier, Adelberg & Ingraham 1980). Fermentation is a metabolic process in which carbohydrates and related compounds are oxidised with the release of energy in the absence of any external electron accepto ...
pdf - The Elf Lab
... carry the same amino acid (isoacceptors) respond when this amino acid becomes growth-limiting. The charged levels will approach zero for some isoacceptors (such as tRNA2Leu) and remain high for others (such as tRNA4Leu), as determined by the concentrations of isoacceptors and how often their codons ...
... carry the same amino acid (isoacceptors) respond when this amino acid becomes growth-limiting. The charged levels will approach zero for some isoacceptors (such as tRNA2Leu) and remain high for others (such as tRNA4Leu), as determined by the concentrations of isoacceptors and how often their codons ...
Phosphate Groups Modifying Myelin Basic Proteins Are
... groups of primarily compacted myelin participated in this rapid exchange. Similar studies were carried out on the metabolism of radioactive amino acids incorporated into the peptide backbone of myelin basic proteins. The metabolism of the methyl groups of methylarginines also was monitored using [me ...
... groups of primarily compacted myelin participated in this rapid exchange. Similar studies were carried out on the metabolism of radioactive amino acids incorporated into the peptide backbone of myelin basic proteins. The metabolism of the methyl groups of methylarginines also was monitored using [me ...
Multiple Sequence Motifs in the Rubisco Small
... ranging from amino acid positions 41 to 49. Based on these findings, we propose that multiple sequence elements in the RbcStp contribute independently to Toc159-dependent import of proteins into chloroplasts. ...
... ranging from amino acid positions 41 to 49. Based on these findings, we propose that multiple sequence elements in the RbcStp contribute independently to Toc159-dependent import of proteins into chloroplasts. ...
Amino acid composition of kolomikta actinidia
... kolomikta actinidia the ratio of phenylalanine to tyrosine was close to optimal – 60:38 in ‘Lankė’, 60:39 in ‘Laiba’ and ‘Paukštės Šakarva’, 60:41 in ‘Landė’ fruits. The BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, valine) are among the nine essential amino acids for humans, accounting for 35% of the amino acids in m ...
... kolomikta actinidia the ratio of phenylalanine to tyrosine was close to optimal – 60:38 in ‘Lankė’, 60:39 in ‘Laiba’ and ‘Paukštės Šakarva’, 60:41 in ‘Landė’ fruits. The BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, valine) are among the nine essential amino acids for humans, accounting for 35% of the amino acids in m ...
Protein Function and Classification (Cont.) - EMBL-EBI
... abstracts and, whenever possible, adding Gene Ontology (GO) terms, structural links and external database links. Together, the protein signatures combined within InterPro provide matches to ~ 80% of proteins in the UniProt database. ...
... abstracts and, whenever possible, adding Gene Ontology (GO) terms, structural links and external database links. Together, the protein signatures combined within InterPro provide matches to ~ 80% of proteins in the UniProt database. ...
Detoxification mechanisms (Apis mellifera) resulting in tolerance of dietary nicotine
... oxidised by a cytochrome P450-mediated reaction40. Taken together, these observations suggest that an analogous cytochrome P450-mediated pathway is present in honey bees to facilitate nicotine catabolism. In total twelve P450s were identified (Supplementary Table 3 lists all the P450s identified), b ...
... oxidised by a cytochrome P450-mediated reaction40. Taken together, these observations suggest that an analogous cytochrome P450-mediated pathway is present in honey bees to facilitate nicotine catabolism. In total twelve P450s were identified (Supplementary Table 3 lists all the P450s identified), b ...
Basic Amino Acid Inhibition of Cell Division and
... of glucose and a supplement solution (20 ml 1-l) was also added. This solution contained 25 ml Tween 80, 10 mg ergosterol and 5 ml ethanol. Whenever basic amino acids were added, only the L-isomers were used. Except where indicated, glucose (0.6 %, w/v) was used as sole carbon source. Nitrogen sourc ...
... of glucose and a supplement solution (20 ml 1-l) was also added. This solution contained 25 ml Tween 80, 10 mg ergosterol and 5 ml ethanol. Whenever basic amino acids were added, only the L-isomers were used. Except where indicated, glucose (0.6 %, w/v) was used as sole carbon source. Nitrogen sourc ...
Key Residues Controlling Binding of Diverse Ligands to Human
... and PEITC much more similar to those observed for CYP2A13 than to those for CYP2A6 without altering coumarin binding. The structurebased quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis using COMBINE successfully modeled the observed mutant-ligand trends and emphasized steric roles for active s ...
... and PEITC much more similar to those observed for CYP2A13 than to those for CYP2A6 without altering coumarin binding. The structurebased quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis using COMBINE successfully modeled the observed mutant-ligand trends and emphasized steric roles for active s ...
Physical and chemical interactions between aphids and plants
... most likely candidates for fast plugging events. There is a variety of protein forms in the sieve tubes. Presumably most of the phloem-specific proteins are in a soluble form in the phloem sap, a few are present as insoluble deposits along the SE plasma membrane of dicotyledons, while again others a ...
... most likely candidates for fast plugging events. There is a variety of protein forms in the sieve tubes. Presumably most of the phloem-specific proteins are in a soluble form in the phloem sap, a few are present as insoluble deposits along the SE plasma membrane of dicotyledons, while again others a ...
Biochemistry 304 2014 Student Edition Amino Acid Metabolism
... N-terminal residues Asp, Arg, Leu, Lys & Phe half-life ~ 2-3 minutes Ala, Gly, Met, Ser Thr, & Val half-life > 20 hrs in eukaryotes (>10 prokaryotes) PEST proteins Proteins with segments rich in Pro, Glu, Ser, & Thr are rapidily degradedthese AA have sites that can be phosphorylated – thus targeting ...
... N-terminal residues Asp, Arg, Leu, Lys & Phe half-life ~ 2-3 minutes Ala, Gly, Met, Ser Thr, & Val half-life > 20 hrs in eukaryotes (>10 prokaryotes) PEST proteins Proteins with segments rich in Pro, Glu, Ser, & Thr are rapidily degradedthese AA have sites that can be phosphorylated – thus targeting ...
Small-molecule binding sites to explore new targets in the cancer
... which either the gene symbol or gene name was co-mentioned with the term ‘cancer’. Most of the most frequently occurring differentially-expressed genes correspond to proteins of wellestablished cancer targets. Among them are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP1, MMP9, and MMP12, which ar ...
... which either the gene symbol or gene name was co-mentioned with the term ‘cancer’. Most of the most frequently occurring differentially-expressed genes correspond to proteins of wellestablished cancer targets. Among them are matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP1, MMP9, and MMP12, which ar ...
Relative Reactivity of Amino Acids with Chlorine
... Proline was the least reactive in mixture III (Figure 1c). As was shown for glycine, chlorination experiments of proline alone demonstrated that the higher residual percentages of proline in the chlorination experiments of mixture III were not due to interference from chlorinated proline. By conside ...
... Proline was the least reactive in mixture III (Figure 1c). As was shown for glycine, chlorination experiments of proline alone demonstrated that the higher residual percentages of proline in the chlorination experiments of mixture III were not due to interference from chlorinated proline. By conside ...
Document
... 2: count the number of occurrence of the different amino acids (or bases) at each position of the alignment 3: derivation of the preliminary matrix (calculate the ...
... 2: count the number of occurrence of the different amino acids (or bases) at each position of the alignment 3: derivation of the preliminary matrix (calculate the ...
- Sportscience
... A considerable amount of research has evaluated dietary protein needs of athletes. Although there is some debate, most studies indicate that in order to maintain protein balance during intense resistance and/or endurance training, athletes should ingest approximately 1.3 to 1.8 g protein per kg body ...
... A considerable amount of research has evaluated dietary protein needs of athletes. Although there is some debate, most studies indicate that in order to maintain protein balance during intense resistance and/or endurance training, athletes should ingest approximately 1.3 to 1.8 g protein per kg body ...
Role of Dietary Protein in Post-Exercise Muscle Reconditioning
... and range between 0.04 and 0.14% per hour. The latter largely depends on food intake and habitual physical activity, the two main anabolic stimuli. Food intake, or rather protein ingestion, directly elevates muscle protein synthesis rates. Following protein digestion and absorption, the rise in plas ...
... and range between 0.04 and 0.14% per hour. The latter largely depends on food intake and habitual physical activity, the two main anabolic stimuli. Food intake, or rather protein ingestion, directly elevates muscle protein synthesis rates. Following protein digestion and absorption, the rise in plas ...
MPN+, a putative catalytic motif found in a subset of MPN domain
... activity and a CSN-associated Nedd8/Rub1-removing activity. ...
... activity and a CSN-associated Nedd8/Rub1-removing activity. ...
Yeast ING Protein Yeast Protein Human Ortholog Description of
... reductase; links heme covalently to apocytochrome c1 Mitochondrial nuclease functioning in DNA repair and replication, modulates the stability of the mitochondrial genome, induced by exposure to mutagens, also induced during meiosis at a time nearly coincident with commitment to recombination D-lact ...
... reductase; links heme covalently to apocytochrome c1 Mitochondrial nuclease functioning in DNA repair and replication, modulates the stability of the mitochondrial genome, induced by exposure to mutagens, also induced during meiosis at a time nearly coincident with commitment to recombination D-lact ...
Protein
Proteins (/ˈproʊˌtiːnz/ or /ˈproʊti.ɨnz/) are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including catalyzing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific three-dimensional structure that determines its activity.A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than about 20-30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides, or sometimes oligopeptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code. In general, the genetic code specifies 20 standard amino acids; however, in certain organisms the genetic code can include selenocysteine and—in certain archaea—pyrrolysine. Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by posttranslational modification, which alters the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Sometimes proteins have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called prosthetic groups or cofactors. Proteins can also work together to achieve a particular function, and they often associate to form stable protein complexes.Once formed, proteins only exist for a certain period of time and are then degraded and recycled by the cell's machinery through the process of protein turnover. A protein's lifespan is measured in terms of its half-life and covers a wide range. They can exist for minutes or years with an average lifespan of 1–2 days in mammalian cells. Abnormal and or misfolded proteins are degraded more rapidly either due to being targeted for destruction or due to being unstable.Like other biological macromolecules such as polysaccharides and nucleic acids, proteins are essential parts of organisms and participate in virtually every process within cells. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions and are vital to metabolism. Proteins also have structural or mechanical functions, such as actin and myosin in muscle and the proteins in the cytoskeleton, which form a system of scaffolding that maintains cell shape. Other proteins are important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, and the cell cycle. Proteins are also necessary in animals' diets, since animals cannot synthesize all the amino acids they need and must obtain essential amino acids from food. Through the process of digestion, animals break down ingested protein into free amino acids that are then used in metabolism.Proteins may be purified from other cellular components using a variety of techniques such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, electrophoresis, and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods commonly used to study protein structure and function include immunohistochemistry, site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry.