... super-resolution imaging methods for unraveling important biological processes in live bacteria, and I will discuss how we have understood the mechanism of membrane-bound transcription regulation in the pathogenic Vibrio cholerae; demonstrated the dynamic interactions involved in starch degradation ...
CHAPTER 4 Notes, Part 2: FLOW OF GENETIC INFORMATION Fall
... RNA polymerase reaction [ Fig. 5-25]: (RNA)n + rNTP ! (RNA)n+1 + PPi [as for DNA polymerase, reaction mechanism is nucleophilic attack of free 3'-OH of primer on the "-P of the rNTP substrate. Pyrophosphatase also drives the reaction forward here (PPi ! 2Pi)] ...
... RNA polymerase reaction [ Fig. 5-25]: (RNA)n + rNTP ! (RNA)n+1 + PPi [as for DNA polymerase, reaction mechanism is nucleophilic attack of free 3'-OH of primer on the "-P of the rNTP substrate. Pyrophosphatase also drives the reaction forward here (PPi ! 2Pi)] ...
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
... DNA needs to be separated into single strands (denatured). This can be done by heating it to over 81oC. 2. The second step is the annealing step and is carried out at about 11-01oC. Annealing is the process of allowing two sequences of DNA to form hydrogen bonds. The primers anneal to their matching ...
... DNA needs to be separated into single strands (denatured). This can be done by heating it to over 81oC. 2. The second step is the annealing step and is carried out at about 11-01oC. Annealing is the process of allowing two sequences of DNA to form hydrogen bonds. The primers anneal to their matching ...
Sample Midterm 1 2002 - Moodle
... complementary strand b. One strand of DNA serves to direct the d. both b and c are true. synthesis of a new strand that forms on its partner ____ 10. When traits are under _________ control, the phenotypes expressed in a population often take on a normal (bell curve) distribution a. polygenic c. pat ...
... complementary strand b. One strand of DNA serves to direct the d. both b and c are true. synthesis of a new strand that forms on its partner ____ 10. When traits are under _________ control, the phenotypes expressed in a population often take on a normal (bell curve) distribution a. polygenic c. pat ...
Bacterial Genetics
... Repair of Damaged DNA Repair of modified bases Enzyme cuts DNA backbone and removes base DNA polymerase incorporates new base SOS repair Last ditch effort to bypass damage ...
... Repair of Damaged DNA Repair of modified bases Enzyme cuts DNA backbone and removes base DNA polymerase incorporates new base SOS repair Last ditch effort to bypass damage ...
GENERAL PATHOLOGY Human Genetics
... Ribosomal RNA The ribosome is the physical structure in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis takes place. Ribosomal RNA forms 60% of the ribosome, with the remainder of the ribosome composed of the structural proteins and enzymes needed for protein synthesis. As with the other types of RNA, rRNA i ...
... Ribosomal RNA The ribosome is the physical structure in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis takes place. Ribosomal RNA forms 60% of the ribosome, with the remainder of the ribosome composed of the structural proteins and enzymes needed for protein synthesis. As with the other types of RNA, rRNA i ...
Slide 1
... RNA splicing makes genetic recombination between exons of different genes more likely, leading to formation of different mRNAs and evolution of genes for new proteins. ...
... RNA splicing makes genetic recombination between exons of different genes more likely, leading to formation of different mRNAs and evolution of genes for new proteins. ...
HONORS BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2015
... amino acid sequence that would result from the following DNA sequence: ...
... amino acid sequence that would result from the following DNA sequence: ...
DNA structurereplication2014
... DNA replication in a test tube DNA template is denatured with heat to separate strands. ...
... DNA replication in a test tube DNA template is denatured with heat to separate strands. ...
Sunflower DNA extraction for RFLP and PCR
... 2. Put the 2.0 mL tube in 60-65°C water bath for 1.5 hr, mix gently by inverting the tubes for several times every 20 min. Take out the tube and cool to RT 3. Add an equal volume (around 800 uL) of chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (24:1 V/V) and mix by slight inversion to form an emulsion. Centrifuge by ...
... 2. Put the 2.0 mL tube in 60-65°C water bath for 1.5 hr, mix gently by inverting the tubes for several times every 20 min. Take out the tube and cool to RT 3. Add an equal volume (around 800 uL) of chloroform: isoamyl alcohol (24:1 V/V) and mix by slight inversion to form an emulsion. Centrifuge by ...
The DNA Ability to Binding to another DNA Molecule with Different
... etc) is the same as mine?. The answer was yes and no. Structurally are the same, but the genetic code, the sequential order of 4 letter (ATCG) is different. In fact, the DNA structure is so conserved that two DNA molecules isolated from diverse organisms can be joined by molecular techniques to expr ...
... etc) is the same as mine?. The answer was yes and no. Structurally are the same, but the genetic code, the sequential order of 4 letter (ATCG) is different. In fact, the DNA structure is so conserved that two DNA molecules isolated from diverse organisms can be joined by molecular techniques to expr ...
Purification/UV-Vis Analysis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR
... Di-deoxy dye-terminator reaction •The di-deoxy dye-terminator reaction is run much like a PCR, except instead of dNTPs ddNTPs are used. A ddNTP is a nucleotide without an OH at the 3’ Carbon of the sugar ring. In addition thse ddNTPs are labeled with a color, different for each ddNTP. •This color is ...
... Di-deoxy dye-terminator reaction •The di-deoxy dye-terminator reaction is run much like a PCR, except instead of dNTPs ddNTPs are used. A ddNTP is a nucleotide without an OH at the 3’ Carbon of the sugar ring. In addition thse ddNTPs are labeled with a color, different for each ddNTP. •This color is ...
DNA
... are formed complementary to one strand of DNA; direct synthesis of a specific protein • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm • Transfer RNA (tRNA): smaller segments of RNA that transport amino acids to the ribosome ...
... are formed complementary to one strand of DNA; direct synthesis of a specific protein • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): associates with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm • Transfer RNA (tRNA): smaller segments of RNA that transport amino acids to the ribosome ...
Recombinant DNA
... copies of a gene. This is necessary to have enough starting template for sequencing. • There are three major steps in a PCR, which are repeated for 30 or 40 cycles. This is done on an automated cycler, which can heat and cool the tubes with the reaction mixture in a very short time. ...
... copies of a gene. This is necessary to have enough starting template for sequencing. • There are three major steps in a PCR, which are repeated for 30 or 40 cycles. This is done on an automated cycler, which can heat and cool the tubes with the reaction mixture in a very short time. ...
PowerPoint
... DNA that can be used for identification Based on noncoding regions of DNA Noncoding regions have repeating DNA sequences Number of repeats differs between people Banding pattern on a gel is a DNA fingerprint ...
... DNA that can be used for identification Based on noncoding regions of DNA Noncoding regions have repeating DNA sequences Number of repeats differs between people Banding pattern on a gel is a DNA fingerprint ...
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
... Reagents PCR needs several things target DNA to be amplified Taq polymerase, a DNA polymerase that is stable at high temperatures dNTPs, free nucleotides that DNA polymerase uses to make new strands of DNA DNA primers, one for the 5’ end of the target gene and a complement of the 3’ end ...
... Reagents PCR needs several things target DNA to be amplified Taq polymerase, a DNA polymerase that is stable at high temperatures dNTPs, free nucleotides that DNA polymerase uses to make new strands of DNA DNA primers, one for the 5’ end of the target gene and a complement of the 3’ end ...
How Proteins are Made - MDC Faculty Web Pages
... correct amino acid to specific instructions in mRNA. ...
... correct amino acid to specific instructions in mRNA. ...
DNA as genetic material chemistry of genetic neuclic acid
... The temperature at which the DNA strands are half denatured is called the melting temperature, or Tm. This is known as DNA denaturation. • The amount of strand separation or melting is measured by the absorbance of the DNA solution at 260 nm. • The higher a DNA's GC content, the higher its Tm. C G ...
... The temperature at which the DNA strands are half denatured is called the melting temperature, or Tm. This is known as DNA denaturation. • The amount of strand separation or melting is measured by the absorbance of the DNA solution at 260 nm. • The higher a DNA's GC content, the higher its Tm. C G ...
Genes get around
... Plasmids Are small, circular pieces of DNA in bacterial or yeast cells that contain 3 to 300 genes. Most plasmids exist separate from the chromosome of the cell. Usually replicated when DNA is copied, but some can reproduce at other times – autonomous replication ...
... Plasmids Are small, circular pieces of DNA in bacterial or yeast cells that contain 3 to 300 genes. Most plasmids exist separate from the chromosome of the cell. Usually replicated when DNA is copied, but some can reproduce at other times – autonomous replication ...
SEMESTER 2 Toxicology/Drug Testing
... acid (DNA), electrophoresis, restriction enzymes, short tandem repeat (STR), Y-STR. o Name the parts of a nucleotide and how they fit together to form DNA. o Define restriction enzyme, how they work and their importance to DNA analysis. o Define polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and explain why it has ...
... acid (DNA), electrophoresis, restriction enzymes, short tandem repeat (STR), Y-STR. o Name the parts of a nucleotide and how they fit together to form DNA. o Define restriction enzyme, how they work and their importance to DNA analysis. o Define polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and explain why it has ...
Frameshift Mutations
... – RNA polymerase reads one side of the DNA template and strings together a complementary strand of RNA nucleotides. – The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed. ...
... – RNA polymerase reads one side of the DNA template and strings together a complementary strand of RNA nucleotides. – The DNA helix winds again as the gene is transcribed. ...
Replisome
The replisome is a complex molecular machine that carries out replication of DNA. The replisome first unwinds double stranded DNA into two single strands. For each of the resulting single strands, a new complementary sequence of DNA is synthesized. The net result is formation of two new double stranded DNA sequences that are exact copies of the original double stranded DNA sequence.In terms of structure, the replisome is composed of two replicative polymerase complexes, one of which synthesizes the leading strand, while the other synthesizes the lagging strand. The replisome is composed of a number of proteins including helicase, RFC, PCNA, gyrase/topoisomerase, SSB/RPA, primase, DNA polymerase I, RNAse H, and ligase.