Alternative Stable States Generated by Ontogenetic Niche
... determine the coexistence equilibria. One solution is always trivial; for this solution, CJ* = CA* = 0. The point in the analysis is that CJ* and CA* are expressed as upward-convex quadratic functions of each other. Therefore, at most three coexistence equilibria are observed when ASS exist: one is ...
... determine the coexistence equilibria. One solution is always trivial; for this solution, CJ* = CA* = 0. The point in the analysis is that CJ* and CA* are expressed as upward-convex quadratic functions of each other. Therefore, at most three coexistence equilibria are observed when ASS exist: one is ...
Effects of grazing and prescribed fire on resource selection and nest
... wildlife associated with agroecosystems worldwide (Donald et al. 2001; Johnson et al. 2011). Steep population declines of vertebrates associated with temperate grasslands are an emerging conservation crisis, but the ecological mechanisms of ongoing losses remain poorly understood (Brennan and Kuvles ...
... wildlife associated with agroecosystems worldwide (Donald et al. 2001; Johnson et al. 2011). Steep population declines of vertebrates associated with temperate grasslands are an emerging conservation crisis, but the ecological mechanisms of ongoing losses remain poorly understood (Brennan and Kuvles ...
Setting Broad, Ecologically Based Guidance Using Landtype Associations
... caps, but residual soils from sedimentary bedrock occur on the steep sideslopes. These areas have transitional soils high in the landscape and true forest soils low in the landscape. The major tributaries to the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, especially the Grand and Chariton Rivers, occupy except ...
... caps, but residual soils from sedimentary bedrock occur on the steep sideslopes. These areas have transitional soils high in the landscape and true forest soils low in the landscape. The major tributaries to the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, especially the Grand and Chariton Rivers, occupy except ...
Blackburn
... the system in the absence of the perturbation is often unknown. Typically, statistics quantifying relevant features of the system following the change are compared with the values of those statistics at the start of (for NTEs, or in the absence of, in the case of NSEs) the perturbing event. However, ...
... the system in the absence of the perturbation is often unknown. Typically, statistics quantifying relevant features of the system following the change are compared with the values of those statistics at the start of (for NTEs, or in the absence of, in the case of NSEs) the perturbing event. However, ...
what do we mean by biodiversity?
... The fact that an increasing number of scientific papers are concentrating on studying biodiversity reflects the belief that it is not simply an abstract concept but a measurable entity, that at least in some sense it can be made operational (Gaston 1996). The desirability of measuring biodiversity i ...
... The fact that an increasing number of scientific papers are concentrating on studying biodiversity reflects the belief that it is not simply an abstract concept but a measurable entity, that at least in some sense it can be made operational (Gaston 1996). The desirability of measuring biodiversity i ...
Biogeography and Zoogeography
... Biogeography = The study of the patterns of distribution of organisms, including both extant and extinct species. ...
... Biogeography = The study of the patterns of distribution of organisms, including both extant and extinct species. ...
Three selected ecological observations interpreted in
... in fact most explanations are inductive generalisations, without any deductive theory behind them. As a consequence, we may find a large number of non-universal tentative generalisations in biology and ecology. Biology and ecology are more complex than physics, and it will, therefore, be much more d ...
... in fact most explanations are inductive generalisations, without any deductive theory behind them. As a consequence, we may find a large number of non-universal tentative generalisations in biology and ecology. Biology and ecology are more complex than physics, and it will, therefore, be much more d ...
Sexual Dimorphism in Bite Performance Drives Morphological
... behaviour, anti-predator defences, and communication behaviour, it can influence both natural and sexual selection pressures. These selective pressures, in turn, act upon morphological traits to maximize an animal’s performance. For performance traits involved in both social and ecological activitie ...
... behaviour, anti-predator defences, and communication behaviour, it can influence both natural and sexual selection pressures. These selective pressures, in turn, act upon morphological traits to maximize an animal’s performance. For performance traits involved in both social and ecological activitie ...
John Turner - Ecology rebuttal evidence
... there was a particularly rare species found living and breeding in a bush fragment (and then it would have to be tailored to that species). In reality most of the plant and animal species associated with these small fragments of habitat are able to do so because they can tolerate grazing or predatio ...
... there was a particularly rare species found living and breeding in a bush fragment (and then it would have to be tailored to that species). In reality most of the plant and animal species associated with these small fragments of habitat are able to do so because they can tolerate grazing or predatio ...
Spotted Bat - Province of British Columbia
... found nowhere else in Canada. Within its range in southern British Columbia, the abundance of Spotted Bats may be limAdvancing ited by availability of suitable residential day-roosts, forand other aging terrain, food species, development climate or other factors. Although can remove or rugged terrai ...
... found nowhere else in Canada. Within its range in southern British Columbia, the abundance of Spotted Bats may be limAdvancing ited by availability of suitable residential day-roosts, forand other aging terrain, food species, development climate or other factors. Although can remove or rugged terrai ...
Shrubs as ecosystem engineers in a coastal dune: influences on
... characteristics of resident plant species in the system, including those of the shrubs themselves. Although very little work has been done in this area, considerable insight will be gained by exploring the degree to which multiple shrub species in the same system – that differ markedly in ecological ...
... characteristics of resident plant species in the system, including those of the shrubs themselves. Although very little work has been done in this area, considerable insight will be gained by exploring the degree to which multiple shrub species in the same system – that differ markedly in ecological ...
Traitbased tests of coexistence mechanisms
... resource partitioning is the key coexistence mechanism, but might have a minimal effect if coexistence is mediated primarily by finescale spatial variation in soil moisture (Silvertown et al. 1999). Models based on environmental filtering (Shipley 2010; Shipley et al. 2011) successfully predict vari ...
... resource partitioning is the key coexistence mechanism, but might have a minimal effect if coexistence is mediated primarily by finescale spatial variation in soil moisture (Silvertown et al. 1999). Models based on environmental filtering (Shipley 2010; Shipley et al. 2011) successfully predict vari ...
New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science
... eradication and containment strategies. The first trait is the Allee effect, in which per capita growth rates decline with decreasing abundance. Allee effects can arise from several different mechanisms and are capable of driving low-density populations to extinction. Strategies to eradicate newly e ...
... eradication and containment strategies. The first trait is the Allee effect, in which per capita growth rates decline with decreasing abundance. Allee effects can arise from several different mechanisms and are capable of driving low-density populations to extinction. Strategies to eradicate newly e ...
Introduced tree species in European forests: opportunities and
... are intolerant to higher nitrogen levels (e.g. beech and conifers) is not successful. However, some shade tolerant tree species (e.g. maples – Acer spp., ash – Fraxinus spp., and elm) and on steep slopes drought tolerant shrubs such as hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) and wi ...
... are intolerant to higher nitrogen levels (e.g. beech and conifers) is not successful. However, some shade tolerant tree species (e.g. maples – Acer spp., ash – Fraxinus spp., and elm) and on steep slopes drought tolerant shrubs such as hawthorn (Crataegus spp.), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.) and wi ...
West Indian Manatee Carrying Capacity
... Manatee has shown adaptability to almost any aquatic environment that it can swim into, as long as the water temperature remains 68F or above. The critical habitat elements are temperature above 68F, available fresh water sources and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Therefore, CC is only limited ...
... Manatee has shown adaptability to almost any aquatic environment that it can swim into, as long as the water temperature remains 68F or above. The critical habitat elements are temperature above 68F, available fresh water sources and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Therefore, CC is only limited ...
INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO
... the maintenance of species diversity in aquatic and terrestrial systems. Although the role of disturbancegenerated patch dynamics has been clearly defined in many terrestrial systems, patch structure and dynamics are less obvious in lakes. Specifically, the controversy seems to revolve around the pa ...
... the maintenance of species diversity in aquatic and terrestrial systems. Although the role of disturbancegenerated patch dynamics has been clearly defined in many terrestrial systems, patch structure and dynamics are less obvious in lakes. Specifically, the controversy seems to revolve around the pa ...
Global Biodiversity Outlook 3
... biodiversity loss, including demographic, economic, technological, socio-political and cultural pressures, in meaningful ways, have also been limited. Most future scenarios project continuing high levels of extinctions and loss of habitats throughout this century, with associated decline of some eco ...
... biodiversity loss, including demographic, economic, technological, socio-political and cultural pressures, in meaningful ways, have also been limited. Most future scenarios project continuing high levels of extinctions and loss of habitats throughout this century, with associated decline of some eco ...
Invasive non-native plants retain native mammal communities in
... Biological invasions are a major threat to native ecosystems globally, yet in some landscapes they can also have important positive effects on native biodiversity. For example, invasive non-native plants have the potential to act as ecological engineers in novel ecosystems by ‘creating’ habitat wher ...
... Biological invasions are a major threat to native ecosystems globally, yet in some landscapes they can also have important positive effects on native biodiversity. For example, invasive non-native plants have the potential to act as ecological engineers in novel ecosystems by ‘creating’ habitat wher ...
Study Guide for Final
... Describe the effect humans have had on natural climax ecosystems. Explain why a vacant lot becomes a tangle of plants. ...
... Describe the effect humans have had on natural climax ecosystems. Explain why a vacant lot becomes a tangle of plants. ...
Ecological scaling alters observed relationships between diversity
... ecosystems. The mechanistic bases of the relationships among these three factors in natural ecosystems remain unclear and somewhat controversial, in part because studies have often focused either on single scales, or on scales that might be considered inappropriate for the inferences drawn (e.g., in ...
... ecosystems. The mechanistic bases of the relationships among these three factors in natural ecosystems remain unclear and somewhat controversial, in part because studies have often focused either on single scales, or on scales that might be considered inappropriate for the inferences drawn (e.g., in ...
Unit 1 Review Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that
... a. They enable the organism to survive in its environment. b. They help the organism to compete with other organisms. c. They increase competition among different organisms. d. They allow organisms to play a specific role in their environment. ____ 22. When two organisms are competing for resources, ...
... a. They enable the organism to survive in its environment. b. They help the organism to compete with other organisms. c. They increase competition among different organisms. d. They allow organisms to play a specific role in their environment. ____ 22. When two organisms are competing for resources, ...
10th Mountain Lion Workshop
... historical perspectives. Recognizing that special licenses to date suggest a harvest focus on male lions, the region is maintaining (and adjusting with this permit setting process where necessary) female subquotas equal to approximately 20% of the total number of limited licenses. Region 3 in southw ...
... historical perspectives. Recognizing that special licenses to date suggest a harvest focus on male lions, the region is maintaining (and adjusting with this permit setting process where necessary) female subquotas equal to approximately 20% of the total number of limited licenses. Region 3 in southw ...
Prowling for Predators- Africa Overnight
... these predators and their prey helped shape the animals we see today. By predators always taking the individuals easiest to catch, predators promote survival of the fittest; as their prey becomes harder to catch, predators that improve performance are “winners;” their offspring pressure prey species ...
... these predators and their prey helped shape the animals we see today. By predators always taking the individuals easiest to catch, predators promote survival of the fittest; as their prey becomes harder to catch, predators that improve performance are “winners;” their offspring pressure prey species ...
A new formulation for determination of the competition coefficient in
... multiple consumer species and all the resources replenish in accordance to the logistic equation. 2. The amount of resources that an individual consumes in a given time is a linear function of resource densities. 3. Per capita growth rates of the consumer populations are linear functions of the exte ...
... multiple consumer species and all the resources replenish in accordance to the logistic equation. 2. The amount of resources that an individual consumes in a given time is a linear function of resource densities. 3. Per capita growth rates of the consumer populations are linear functions of the exte ...
Facultative mutualism between an herbivorous crab and a coralline
... can serve as effective cleaners of N. stricrum would depend, in part, on whether they can consume the wide range of seaweeds, including several chemically defended species in the genera Dictyotu, Hulimeda, and Laurencia (reviewed by Hay 1991; Paul 1992), which commonly overgrow corallines in habitat ...
... can serve as effective cleaners of N. stricrum would depend, in part, on whether they can consume the wide range of seaweeds, including several chemically defended species in the genera Dictyotu, Hulimeda, and Laurencia (reviewed by Hay 1991; Paul 1992), which commonly overgrow corallines in habitat ...
Habitat conservation
Habitat conservation is a land management practice that seeks to conserve, protect and restore habitat areas for wild plants and animals, especially conservation reliant species, and prevent their extinction, fragmentation or reduction in range. It is a priority of many groups that cannot be easily characterized in terms of any one ideology.