Recruitment of Drosophila Polycomb Group proteins to
... Polycomb and trithorax Group (PcG and trxG) proteins maintain silent and active transcriptional states, respectively, throughout development1. In Drosophila, PcG and trxG proteins associate with DNA regions named Polycomb and Trithorax Response Elements (PRE and TRE), but the mechanisms of recruitme ...
... Polycomb and trithorax Group (PcG and trxG) proteins maintain silent and active transcriptional states, respectively, throughout development1. In Drosophila, PcG and trxG proteins associate with DNA regions named Polycomb and Trithorax Response Elements (PRE and TRE), but the mechanisms of recruitme ...
1 X chromosome crossover formation and genome stability in
... The germ line efficiently combats numerous genotoxic insults to ensure the high fidelity propagation of unaltered genomic information across generations. Yet, germ cells in most metazoans also intentionally create double-strand breaks (DSBs) to promote DNA exchange between parental chromosomes, a pr ...
... The germ line efficiently combats numerous genotoxic insults to ensure the high fidelity propagation of unaltered genomic information across generations. Yet, germ cells in most metazoans also intentionally create double-strand breaks (DSBs) to promote DNA exchange between parental chromosomes, a pr ...
PDF
... Wu, 1995; Varga-Weisz et al., 1997). These evolutionary conserved regulators of dynamic chromatin transitions alter histone-DNA contacts in an ATP-dependent manner in order to incorporate core and linker histones into chromatin or to move nucleosomes on DNA. The nucleosome sliding factors CHRAC and ...
... Wu, 1995; Varga-Weisz et al., 1997). These evolutionary conserved regulators of dynamic chromatin transitions alter histone-DNA contacts in an ATP-dependent manner in order to incorporate core and linker histones into chromatin or to move nucleosomes on DNA. The nucleosome sliding factors CHRAC and ...
Protein–DNA Interactions: Amino Acid Conservation and the Effects
... on DNA-sequence recognition. The observations are best understood by assigning each protein family to one of three classes: (i) non-specific, where binding is independent of DNA sequence; (ii) highly specific, where binding is specific and all members of the family target the same DNA sequence; and ...
... on DNA-sequence recognition. The observations are best understood by assigning each protein family to one of three classes: (i) non-specific, where binding is independent of DNA sequence; (ii) highly specific, where binding is specific and all members of the family target the same DNA sequence; and ...
Slide 1
... here to identify functions. Note also that a gene product may perform multiple functions and that multiple function entries in this table are separated by commas. ...
... here to identify functions. Note also that a gene product may perform multiple functions and that multiple function entries in this table are separated by commas. ...
The chromatin remodelling factor Brg1 interacts with catenin to
... protein CBP/p300 (Hecht et al., 2000; Takemaru and Moon, 2000). CBP/p300 is considered to promote gene activation by virtue of its HAT activity, following its recruitment to target gene promoters via interaction with the activation domains of transcription factors (Cheung et al., 2000). Additionally ...
... protein CBP/p300 (Hecht et al., 2000; Takemaru and Moon, 2000). CBP/p300 is considered to promote gene activation by virtue of its HAT activity, following its recruitment to target gene promoters via interaction with the activation domains of transcription factors (Cheung et al., 2000). Additionally ...
Changes in DNA-binding activity of transcription factors in the
... pregnancy and lactation, their transcription is induced by lactogenic hormones – insulin, prolactin and glucocorticoids, while repressed by progesterone. These features make mammary gland a good model for studying mechanisms of tissue- and stage-specific gene expression. The main step on which regul ...
... pregnancy and lactation, their transcription is induced by lactogenic hormones – insulin, prolactin and glucocorticoids, while repressed by progesterone. These features make mammary gland a good model for studying mechanisms of tissue- and stage-specific gene expression. The main step on which regul ...
Is HP1 an RNA detector that functions both in repression and
... Heterochromatin is defined as regions of compact chromatin that persist throughout the cell cycle (Heitz, 1928). The earliest cytological observations of heterochromatin were followed by ribonucleotide labeling experiments that showed it to be transcriptionally inert relative to the more typical euc ...
... Heterochromatin is defined as regions of compact chromatin that persist throughout the cell cycle (Heitz, 1928). The earliest cytological observations of heterochromatin were followed by ribonucleotide labeling experiments that showed it to be transcriptionally inert relative to the more typical euc ...
letters
... The establishment and maintenance of epigenetic gene silencing is fundamental to cell determination and function1. The essential epigenetic systems involved in heritable repression of gene activity are the Polycomb group (PcG) proteins2,3 and the DNA methylation4,5 systems. Here we show that the cor ...
... The establishment and maintenance of epigenetic gene silencing is fundamental to cell determination and function1. The essential epigenetic systems involved in heritable repression of gene activity are the Polycomb group (PcG) proteins2,3 and the DNA methylation4,5 systems. Here we show that the cor ...
Chromatin Domain Boundaries: Defining the Functional Domains in
... Based on the reasoning used for the insulation from position effect assay described above, an enhancerblocking assay for DNA segments that can function as boundaries in vivo have been developed. In this assay instead of blocking of enhancer and silencer in the genomic context, test DNA is assayed fo ...
... Based on the reasoning used for the insulation from position effect assay described above, an enhancerblocking assay for DNA segments that can function as boundaries in vivo have been developed. In this assay instead of blocking of enhancer and silencer in the genomic context, test DNA is assayed fo ...
Journal Club Pack - Circulation Research
... pELK-1, KLF4, and HDAC2, with the latter contributing to histone hypo-acetylation, chromatin remodeling, and transcriptional silencing. Studies provide novel evidence that phenotypic switching of SMC in vivo is mediated, at least in part, by binding of the stem cell pluripotency factor KLF4 to a G/C ...
... pELK-1, KLF4, and HDAC2, with the latter contributing to histone hypo-acetylation, chromatin remodeling, and transcriptional silencing. Studies provide novel evidence that phenotypic switching of SMC in vivo is mediated, at least in part, by binding of the stem cell pluripotency factor KLF4 to a G/C ...
E2 enzymes: more than just middle men
... target protein and so play a role in the determination of where and how a target is modified by Ub [1]. Finally, some E2s also function outside the traditional Ub transfer pathways to regulate the activity of other enzymes [2, 3]. Humans have ~40 E2s that are involved in the transfer of Ub or Ub-lik ...
... target protein and so play a role in the determination of where and how a target is modified by Ub [1]. Finally, some E2s also function outside the traditional Ub transfer pathways to regulate the activity of other enzymes [2, 3]. Humans have ~40 E2s that are involved in the transfer of Ub or Ub-lik ...
Boundary elements and nuclear organization
... excluded. Thus, positioning an insulator between an enhancer and a promoter results in partitioning of the two into separate functional domains, preventing their proper communication and perhaps causing them to assume incompatible structural traits. Similarly, two insulators can create an independen ...
... excluded. Thus, positioning an insulator between an enhancer and a promoter results in partitioning of the two into separate functional domains, preventing their proper communication and perhaps causing them to assume incompatible structural traits. Similarly, two insulators can create an independen ...
w + gene is silenced in some cells
... • One of the few genes expressed on the inactive X but is not expressed on the active X Xist RNA is a large, non-coding, cis-acting regulatory RNA • Binds to the X-chromosome that it was expressed from ...
... • One of the few genes expressed on the inactive X but is not expressed on the active X Xist RNA is a large, non-coding, cis-acting regulatory RNA • Binds to the X-chromosome that it was expressed from ...
cis-Regulatory Elements and Chromatin State
... a member of the TGA family of basic domain/leucine zipper transcription factors (Song et al., 2008). Several transcriptional repressors participate directly in FT regulation. The MADS box factors FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) form a complex that associates with regions wit ...
... a member of the TGA family of basic domain/leucine zipper transcription factors (Song et al., 2008). Several transcriptional repressors participate directly in FT regulation. The MADS box factors FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) form a complex that associates with regions wit ...
reproductive cell fate transition in plants - Development
... recorded by confocal laser-scanning microscopy with a Leica IRE-SP2 and SP5-R (Leica Microsystems) using a 63× GLY lens (glycerol immersion, NA 1.4). Antibody and DNA signals were acquired sequentially and the volumes were sampled according to the Nyquist rate (2× oversampling). Zoom factor, image g ...
... recorded by confocal laser-scanning microscopy with a Leica IRE-SP2 and SP5-R (Leica Microsystems) using a 63× GLY lens (glycerol immersion, NA 1.4). Antibody and DNA signals were acquired sequentially and the volumes were sampled according to the Nyquist rate (2× oversampling). Zoom factor, image g ...
The WD40-Repeat Proteins NFC101 and NFC102
... The WD-repeat proteins have seven WD40-repeat motifs, with the conserved core of the repeat containing 44 to 60 residues that end with Trp and Asp. The repeats form a b-propeller fold, allowing formation of a highly stable structure that coordinates interactions with several other proteins (Stirnima ...
... The WD-repeat proteins have seven WD40-repeat motifs, with the conserved core of the repeat containing 44 to 60 residues that end with Trp and Asp. The repeats form a b-propeller fold, allowing formation of a highly stable structure that coordinates interactions with several other proteins (Stirnima ...
reproductive cell fate transition in plants - Development
... ago9-4, sgs3-11 and rdr6-2 (Olmedo-Monfil et al., 2010), which were grown at 23°C in a growth incubator (Percival). The GFP lines shown Fig. 2 and supplementary material Fig. S1 are the following: HTR5-GFP is pHTR5::HTR5-GFP and HTR8-GFP is pHTR8::HTR8-CFP (Ingouff et al., 2010); H2A.Z-GFP is pHTA11 ...
... ago9-4, sgs3-11 and rdr6-2 (Olmedo-Monfil et al., 2010), which were grown at 23°C in a growth incubator (Percival). The GFP lines shown Fig. 2 and supplementary material Fig. S1 are the following: HTR5-GFP is pHTR5::HTR5-GFP and HTR8-GFP is pHTR8::HTR8-CFP (Ingouff et al., 2010); H2A.Z-GFP is pHTA11 ...
Transcriptional Repression of Hox Genes by C. elegans HP1/HPL
... Linker histone (H1) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) play central roles in the formation of higher-order chromatin structure and gene expression. Recent studies have shown a physical interaction between H1 and HP1; however, the biological role of histone H1 and HP1 is not well understood. Additio ...
... Linker histone (H1) and heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) play central roles in the formation of higher-order chromatin structure and gene expression. Recent studies have shown a physical interaction between H1 and HP1; however, the biological role of histone H1 and HP1 is not well understood. Additio ...
The physics behind the larger scale organization of DNA in eukaryotes
... experiment a 167 bp repeat length was also probed, resulting in a 21.3 nm wide fiber with an NLD of 0.56 nucleosome nm−1 [19]. This might point to a 3-ribbon structure. The small discrepancy can be attributed to the approximations involved in the model that start to matter at such small fiber diamet ...
... experiment a 167 bp repeat length was also probed, resulting in a 21.3 nm wide fiber with an NLD of 0.56 nucleosome nm−1 [19]. This might point to a 3-ribbon structure. The small discrepancy can be attributed to the approximations involved in the model that start to matter at such small fiber diamet ...
SUMMARY The steady state kinetics of initiation of T7 DNA transcrip
... schema it is possible that one of the routes if favored under normal conditions, but all of them are principally possible. This would be called a kinetically ordered mechanism. One could also think about "mixed-type" mechanisms, in which substrates bind randomly, while product release is ordered or ...
... schema it is possible that one of the routes if favored under normal conditions, but all of them are principally possible. This would be called a kinetically ordered mechanism. One could also think about "mixed-type" mechanisms, in which substrates bind randomly, while product release is ordered or ...
Control of reproduction by Polycomb Group complexes in animals
... silencing and that they may also regulate the expression of nonhomeotic genes (DeCamillis et al., 1992; Rastelli et al., 1993; Zink and Paro, 1989). Two distinct Polycomb Repressive Complexes PRC1 and PRC2 have been purified and characterised in the Drosophila embryo. PRC1 contains the PcG proteins ...
... silencing and that they may also regulate the expression of nonhomeotic genes (DeCamillis et al., 1992; Rastelli et al., 1993; Zink and Paro, 1989). Two distinct Polycomb Repressive Complexes PRC1 and PRC2 have been purified and characterised in the Drosophila embryo. PRC1 contains the PcG proteins ...
C-Collate3 740..903
... that speci®c regions of the 2000 km DNA can be found and readily accessed within seconds, and neatly so that at other times the 46 chromosomes can be easily removed from the boat. With this perspective, the mechanisms by which DNA is organized within the cell nucleus now appear impressive and comple ...
... that speci®c regions of the 2000 km DNA can be found and readily accessed within seconds, and neatly so that at other times the 46 chromosomes can be easily removed from the boat. With this perspective, the mechanisms by which DNA is organized within the cell nucleus now appear impressive and comple ...
Molecular and Cellular Biology, September 2000, p
... dependent activity of the histone H4 gene promoter (24, 43). All highly conserved nucleotide motifs in the consensus H4 site II sequence are absolutely conserved in the proximal promoter region of all known vertebrate H10 genes (Fig. 1B). These observations strongly suggest that at least in prolife ...
... dependent activity of the histone H4 gene promoter (24, 43). All highly conserved nucleotide motifs in the consensus H4 site II sequence are absolutely conserved in the proximal promoter region of all known vertebrate H10 genes (Fig. 1B). These observations strongly suggest that at least in prolife ...
Biochemical properties and structural features of the thermostable
... and AmyA, both have predicted sizes of about 70 residues. The core (domains A1-B-A2) of MTase is flanked by two additional domains. The sequences of the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of MTase lack significant amino acid sequence similarity with known protein sequences. The conserved sequence reg ...
... and AmyA, both have predicted sizes of about 70 residues. The core (domains A1-B-A2) of MTase is flanked by two additional domains. The sequences of the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of MTase lack significant amino acid sequence similarity with known protein sequences. The conserved sequence reg ...
Histone acetyltransferase
Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are enzymes that acetylate conserved lysine amino acids on histone proteins by transferring an acetyl group from acetyl CoA to form ε-N-acetyllysine. DNA is wrapped around histones, and, by transferring an acetyl group to the histones, genes can be turned on and off. In general, histone acetylation increases gene expression.In general, histone acetylation is linked to transcriptional activation and associated with euchromatin. When it was first discovered, it was thought that acetylation of lysine neutralizes the positive charge normally present, thus reducing affinity between histone and (negatively charged) DNA, which renders DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Research has emerged, since, to show that lysine acetylation and other posttranslational modifications of histones generate binding sites for specific protein–protein interaction domains, such as the acetyllysine-binding bromodomain. Histone acetyltransferases can also acetylate non-histone proteins, such as nuclear receptors and other transcription factors to facilitate gene expression.