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Snímek 1
Snímek 1

... • An affected male cannot transmit the train to his sons, becose the trait is on X-chromosome, and the father must necessarily transmit his Y-chromosome to a son • All of the daughters of an affected male must be carriers, because the only Xchromosome that the father can give to a daughter contains ...
r3znksybql
r3znksybql

... constriction in the kidney to improve overall kidney function. This reduces the high risk of kidney issues that may develop in diabetics. More so, through this mechanism, it improves the function of other organs to reduce major cardiovascular events, coronary heart disease and stroke risk by 20-30% ...
Pregnancy outcomes in women on hemodialysis: a national survey
Pregnancy outcomes in women on hemodialysis: a national survey

... on HD. Because some nephrologists took care of more than one pregnant woman on dialysis, they cumulatively report caring for >187 chronic HD patients over the past 5 years. Regarding the timing of conception, of 106 pregnancies, 18 women were started on HD during their pregnancy (17%), 80 pregnancie ...
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE

... 20. A 32-year-old gravida complaicomplains about episodes of unconsciousness, spontaneous syncopes that are quickly over after a change of body position. A syncope can be accompanied byquickly elapsing bradycardia. There are no other complications of gestation. What is the ...
BirthProcess
BirthProcess

... • Reasons to do an Episiotomy• 1.Easier to repair than tear/laceration • 2.Direction can be controlled • 3.Less pounding of fetus/Overstretching less • 4.Shortens 2nd stage of Labor • What is ironing the perineum?? ...
Uterine Myoma
Uterine Myoma

... Red degeneration  most common during pregnancy and puerperium  venous thrombosis and congestion with interstitial hemorrhage ...
- Organ Donation Alliance
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... Avoid nebulizers, they place a break in the circuit 2. Vasopressin infusion titrated to desired urine output ...
OB Welcome Packet - Dr. Susanne Ramos
OB Welcome Packet - Dr. Susanne Ramos

... patients in case IV medication is requested later or if an epidural or intravenous fluids are required. It provides easy access to a vein in cases of hemorrhage. We do not shave the perineum. An initial monitor strip will be done on admission. Intermittent auscultation of fetal heart tones during la ...
CASE 41
CASE 41

... menstrual cycle. A follicle at this state then is selected as the dominant follicle for further development and ovulation. The exact nature of dominant follicle selection is unknown, but hourly pulses of LH are important for further development of the dominant follicle. Elevated peripheral levels of ...
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Midcycle OSCE

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Diagnosis, Therapy and Follow
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Diagnosis, Therapy and Follow

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Thrombophilia
Thrombophilia

... live birth rates in unselected “low-risk” pregnancies • Live birth rates in untreated women with APL and at least one fetal loss have ranged from 10-85% in published studies • Aspirin and heparin have been associated with higher live-birth rates in several studies, but most of these did not include ...
Chapter 23 Powerpoint
Chapter 23 Powerpoint

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Medical Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes
Medical Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes

... The patient is the key player in the diabetes care team and should be trained and empowered to adjust medications with the guidance of health care professionals to achieve glycemic goals and to prevent and treat hypoglycemia. the use of combination therapy Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is ...
LUMBAR DISC DEGENERATION
LUMBAR DISC DEGENERATION

... Low back pain is considered to be a symptom and not a specific diagnosis or disease in and of itself. In fact, it is a very common symptom, affecting 80% of individuals during their lifetime. If 80% of humans are afflicted at some time with low back pain, why do we not have a “nation of cripples?” T ...
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Obstetric critical care Clinical problems 2013

... Pre-existing myopathic or valvular disease Embolic disorder Venous thromboembolism Amniotic fluid embolism Venous air embolism Anaemia Dilutional Haemorrhage ...
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Management of Early Pregnancy Loss

... — 86% success rate if use absence of gestational sac — 51% success rate if use ET ≤15 mm Harwood B, Contraception 2001 ...
Chronic kidney disease case study
Chronic kidney disease case study

... homeostasis through the production of urine. The kidneys form urine by filtering blood through a highly vascularized network of tubules to excrete water and metabolic waste products such as uric acid, creatinine and urea. Vasopressin is a hormone involved in the kidneys, and is responsible for urine ...
Chapter 14: Nursing Management: Patients With
Chapter 14: Nursing Management: Patients With

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Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders
Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders

... Dysarthria is different than typical hypokinetic changes seen with PD – Paucity, absent or atypical tremor – Poor or no response to levodopa – Pyramidal tract findings (pseudobulbar palsy, UMN) ...
Gastroschisis
Gastroschisis

... Maternal intake of aspirin or ibuprofen causes 4 to 5 times increased risk for gastroschisis. Both medications are inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase enzyme and influence blood flow to the fetus. Decongestants, especially pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine,double the risk (cause constriction of b ...
Heart Failure in the Transplant Patient
Heart Failure in the Transplant Patient

...  Reflects stiffness larger arteries  Increases with advancing age from 50 yr. on up ...
Hip - Proximal Fracture
Hip - Proximal Fracture

... and musculature that attach the pelvis to the femur. The medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries supply the femoral neck and head with a majority of its blood supply. Fractures of the femoral head pose a threat to the vascular supply of this structure. However, displaced fracture of the femor ...
- Med4just
- Med4just

... check for esinophila/basophilia which confirm myeloprolifrative disorder -Exclude secondary causes of Increased Hematocrit(secondary polycythemia, note that cyanosis is a hallmark of secondary polycythemia) : reactive (infection , inflammatory) , smoking , hypoxia(COPD,cyanotic congenital heart dise ...
File - Rachel Krogstie
File - Rachel Krogstie

... 0 Contraindications: Comatose patients, pre-existing CNS depression; Severe respiratory disease; Uncontrolled severe pain; Known alcohol intolerance, Lactation 0 High Risk: Hepatic/Renal impairment; History of suicide attempt or drug abuse; Chronic use may lead to dependence; OB: drug dependency in ...
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Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy



Maternal physiological changes in pregnancy are the normal adaptations that a woman undergoes during pregnancy to better accommodate the embryo or fetus. They are physiological changes, that is, they are entirely normal, and include cardiovascular, hematologic, metabolic, renal and respiratory changes that become very important in the event of complications. The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus is provided for. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required. Levels of progesterone and estrogens rise continually throughout pregnancy, suppressing the hypothalamic axis and subsequently the menstrual cycle. The woman and the placenta also produce many hormones.The body must change its physiological and homeostatic mechanisms in pregnancy to ensure the fetus grows properly and receives adequate nutrition. Increases in blood sugar, breathing and cardiac output are all required.
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