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9th-grade-measurements-presentation
9th-grade-measurements-presentation

... • We seek to make our measurements as accurate and precise as possible • Accuracy – how close a measurement is to the true value • Precision – how close the measurements are to each other (reproducibility) ...
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... Multiplying and Dividing Integers (positive integer) X (positive integer) = (_____ integer) (positive integer) ÷ (positive integer) = (______ integer) (negative integer) X (negative integer ) = (______ integer) (negative integer) ÷ (negative integer ) = (_______ integer) (positive integer) X (negat ...
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... The test of reasonableness comes very much into play in word problems. For example, questions asking for length, dollars, or time should never give negative answers because those things would not make sense if they were negative (what is -3 feet?). Also, think about what the answer should be. If I i ...
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significant digits

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Rounding

Rounding a numerical value means replacing it by another value that is approximately equal but has a shorter, simpler, or more explicit representation; for example, replacing £23.4476 with £23.45, or the fraction 312/937 with 1/3, or the expression √2 with 1.414.Rounding is often done to obtain a value that is easier to report and communicate than the original. Rounding can also be important to avoid misleadingly precise reporting of a computed number, measurement or estimate; for example, a quantity that was computed as 123,456 but is known to be accurate only to within a few hundred units is better stated as ""about 123,500.""On the other hand, rounding of exact numbers will introduce some round-off error in the reported result. Rounding is almost unavoidable when reporting many computations — especially when dividing two numbers in integer or fixed-point arithmetic; when computing mathematical functions such as square roots, logarithms, and sines; or when using a floating point representation with a fixed number of significant digits. In a sequence of calculations, these rounding errors generally accumulate, and in certain ill-conditioned cases they may make the result meaningless.Accurate rounding of transcendental mathematical functions is difficult because the number of extra digits that need to be calculated to resolve whether to round up or down cannot be known in advance. This problem is known as ""the table-maker's dilemma"".Rounding has many similarities to the quantization that occurs when physical quantities must be encoded by numbers or digital signals.A wavy equals sign (≈) is sometimes used to indicate rounding of exact numbers. For example: 9.98 ≈ 10.
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