Chapter 6
... One cannot merely look at the cost of reducing a kilogram of carbon dioxide emissions and compare it to the cost of reducing a kilogram of N2O. Each greenhouse gas has a different level of radiative forcing (heat absorbing potential), and each has a different atmospheric life. The IPCC developed ...
... One cannot merely look at the cost of reducing a kilogram of carbon dioxide emissions and compare it to the cost of reducing a kilogram of N2O. Each greenhouse gas has a different level of radiative forcing (heat absorbing potential), and each has a different atmospheric life. The IPCC developed ...
Is Climate Change a Reality? - European Capacity Building Initiative
... Issues and Concerns Per capita allocation Future: 1990 Baseline Per capita Annex 1 emissions when reached – graduate Is it compatible with global reduction need Ecological Integrity Uncertainties In Science (IPCC) Costing: of Actions, Non-Actions Beyond Kyoto (Second [+] Commitm ...
... Issues and Concerns Per capita allocation Future: 1990 Baseline Per capita Annex 1 emissions when reached – graduate Is it compatible with global reduction need Ecological Integrity Uncertainties In Science (IPCC) Costing: of Actions, Non-Actions Beyond Kyoto (Second [+] Commitm ...
The legacy of the Kyoto Protocol: a view from
... reducing emissions, investments in low carbon technology or adapting to climate change have grown substantially over the 2000–2010 period. Total public and private financial flows (grants, loans, equity, guarantees) for these purposes are now estimated at about 360 billion US$/year.13 This does incl ...
... reducing emissions, investments in low carbon technology or adapting to climate change have grown substantially over the 2000–2010 period. Total public and private financial flows (grants, loans, equity, guarantees) for these purposes are now estimated at about 360 billion US$/year.13 This does incl ...
Paris Climate Accord Implementation: United States
... procedures and nonbinding emissions targets for each of the participating nations. The COP21 reaffirmed a goal of limiting global temperature increase well below 2 degrees Celsius, and it binds all parties to establish country-specific commitments to reduce emissions and to submit new commitments ev ...
... procedures and nonbinding emissions targets for each of the participating nations. The COP21 reaffirmed a goal of limiting global temperature increase well below 2 degrees Celsius, and it binds all parties to establish country-specific commitments to reduce emissions and to submit new commitments ev ...
Dealing with reality - Oxford Academic
... 2004 and the Kyoto Protocol entered into full force and effect on 16 February 2005. To date 192 countries have ratified or otherwise endorsed the Protocol. The supreme body of the Kyoto Protocol is the Meeting of Parties (MOP), which takes place annually to coincide with the UNFCCC COP process. ...
... 2004 and the Kyoto Protocol entered into full force and effect on 16 February 2005. To date 192 countries have ratified or otherwise endorsed the Protocol. The supreme body of the Kyoto Protocol is the Meeting of Parties (MOP), which takes place annually to coincide with the UNFCCC COP process. ...
4 The Economics of Climate Change
... Participants can buy and sell permits in the event of excess/shortage. This leads to a carbon price, which incentivises polluters with the lowest cost of abatement to cut emissions in place of those that face high costs of abatement. This is also known as a ‘cap-and-trade’ system and is the basis of ...
... Participants can buy and sell permits in the event of excess/shortage. This leads to a carbon price, which incentivises polluters with the lowest cost of abatement to cut emissions in place of those that face high costs of abatement. This is also known as a ‘cap-and-trade’ system and is the basis of ...
To see the U.S. Public Interest Research Group Fact Sheet on
... compares the bills with pathways for stabilizing the concentration of global warming pollutants in the atmosphere at 450 parts per million (ppm) and 550 ppm; the chart provides a more detailed overview of the legislation. Many scientists and policymakers (such as the European Union) recognize a 2˚ C ...
... compares the bills with pathways for stabilizing the concentration of global warming pollutants in the atmosphere at 450 parts per million (ppm) and 550 ppm; the chart provides a more detailed overview of the legislation. Many scientists and policymakers (such as the European Union) recognize a 2˚ C ...
Kyoto Protocol: an introduction
... economy to achieve quantified emission reduction targets. These countries, known under the UNFCCC as Annex I parties (also called developed or industrialised countries), agreed to reduce their overall emissions of greenhouse gases by an average of 5% below 1990 levels in the period 2008-2012 (i.e. t ...
... economy to achieve quantified emission reduction targets. These countries, known under the UNFCCC as Annex I parties (also called developed or industrialised countries), agreed to reduce their overall emissions of greenhouse gases by an average of 5% below 1990 levels in the period 2008-2012 (i.e. t ...
Dealing with the impact of global warming and rising sea levels
... In South Asia the Himalayan glaciers could retreat and cause water scarcity; Developing countries are probably going to be more affected due to different reasons such as: lacking of resources to solve the issue or limit the damage, poverty, geographical reasons (small islands are already seeing ...
... In South Asia the Himalayan glaciers could retreat and cause water scarcity; Developing countries are probably going to be more affected due to different reasons such as: lacking of resources to solve the issue or limit the damage, poverty, geographical reasons (small islands are already seeing ...
Climate Solutions?
... purposes of fulfilling their commitments under Article 3. Any such trading shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purpose of meeting quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under that Article.” 1990s: US advocated, EU opposed emissions trading The Hague (Dec. 2000): EU so ...
... purposes of fulfilling their commitments under Article 3. Any such trading shall be supplemental to domestic actions for the purpose of meeting quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under that Article.” 1990s: US advocated, EU opposed emissions trading The Hague (Dec. 2000): EU so ...
greenhouse gases and climate change
... It is important to distinguish between climate and weather. Climate is described as an average of weather conditions, such as temperature and rainfall, over a long period of time (typically 30 years). In contrast, weather changes rapidly over hours and days and is highly variable. Climate change, th ...
... It is important to distinguish between climate and weather. Climate is described as an average of weather conditions, such as temperature and rainfall, over a long period of time (typically 30 years). In contrast, weather changes rapidly over hours and days and is highly variable. Climate change, th ...
Fiscal Implications of Climate Change
... which (even with an expanded resource envelope) will require trade-offs with other development objectives – Dealing with climate change as a fiscal risk, through both self- and market insurance ...
... which (even with an expanded resource envelope) will require trade-offs with other development objectives – Dealing with climate change as a fiscal risk, through both self- and market insurance ...
Evolution of the climate science
... • Also, danger of inert carbon pools mobilisation and released into the atmosphere either as CO2 or methane - peatland carbon, in Arctic permafrost, which are vulnerable to warming. ...
... • Also, danger of inert carbon pools mobilisation and released into the atmosphere either as CO2 or methane - peatland carbon, in Arctic permafrost, which are vulnerable to warming. ...
2008-GHG-briefing - Environmental Commissioner of Ontario
... • That clarification be obtained as soon as possible to determine offset protocol equivalency provisions between the federal government and the Government of Ontario. ...
... • That clarification be obtained as soon as possible to determine offset protocol equivalency provisions between the federal government and the Government of Ontario. ...
Sustainable growth and climate change: evolution of India s strategies
... The 11th Five-Year Plan (2007 – 2012): climate policy matured from concerns about energy conservation to energy efficiency. The plan also recognised the need to incorporate adaptation programmes relating to watershed management, coastal zone planning and regulation, forestry management, agricultural ...
... The 11th Five-Year Plan (2007 – 2012): climate policy matured from concerns about energy conservation to energy efficiency. The plan also recognised the need to incorporate adaptation programmes relating to watershed management, coastal zone planning and regulation, forestry management, agricultural ...
CT GHG Emissions Inventory - Center for Climate and Energy
... ing these emissions in terms of carbon dioxide equivalence (CO2e). This executive summary reports the state’s greenhouse gas emissions for 2012, the most recent year for which full data are available.1 In 2012, Connecticut’s greenhouse gas emissions fell to 39.5 MMT (million metric tons) of CO2e. Th ...
... ing these emissions in terms of carbon dioxide equivalence (CO2e). This executive summary reports the state’s greenhouse gas emissions for 2012, the most recent year for which full data are available.1 In 2012, Connecticut’s greenhouse gas emissions fell to 39.5 MMT (million metric tons) of CO2e. Th ...
Media note for Warsaw COP
... Technical work will also be undertaken on negotiators on reviewing and ensuring that governments have ratified (converted into domestic law) the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol which was agreed in Doha. Similarly, governments will consider the need for 'new' carbon market mechanisms a ...
... Technical work will also be undertaken on negotiators on reviewing and ensuring that governments have ratified (converted into domestic law) the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol which was agreed in Doha. Similarly, governments will consider the need for 'new' carbon market mechanisms a ...
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty, which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise that (a) global warming exists and (b) man-made CO2 emissions have caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December, 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 Parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to ""a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"" (Art. 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. A second commitment period was agreed on in 2012, known as the Doha Amendment to the protocol, in which 37 countries have binding targets: Australia, the European Union (and its 28 member states), Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round targets. Japan, New Zealand and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first-round but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012) and the United States (which has not ratified the Protocol). As of July 2015, 36 states have accepted the Doha Amendment, while entry into force requires the acceptances of 144 states.Negotiations were held in Lima in 2014 to agree on a post-Kyoto legal framework that would obligate all major polluters to pay for CO2 emissions. China, India, and the United States have all signaled that they will not ratify any treaty that will commit them legally to reduce CO2 emissions.