CO2 short - Digging in the Clay
... The IPCC carefully ignores the radical reducing effect of increasing concentrations of CO2 in its summaries and does not admit that there remains only about 12% of the effectiveness of CO2 as a greenhouse gas from the current level of ~390ppmv, for whatever increase in CO2 concentration. So any unqu ...
... The IPCC carefully ignores the radical reducing effect of increasing concentrations of CO2 in its summaries and does not admit that there remains only about 12% of the effectiveness of CO2 as a greenhouse gas from the current level of ~390ppmv, for whatever increase in CO2 concentration. So any unqu ...
Bunker Fuels and the Kyoto Protocol How ICAO and the IMO Failed
... 1994 and in the years thereafter given the international character of the bulk of these emissions. The UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Emissions first drafted in 1994 stated that emissions from international aviation and marine bunker fuel ...
... 1994 and in the years thereafter given the international character of the bulk of these emissions. The UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Emissions first drafted in 1994 stated that emissions from international aviation and marine bunker fuel ...
Giving Definition to Indefinite Contracts for the Trading, Storage and
... variety of derivative markets where 'carbon credits', or 'carbon offsets', are issued through an exchange in return for a reduction of atmospheric carbon emissions. While frequently referred to as a ‘contract’ these intangible markets instruments appear to lack many of the basic requirements for a b ...
... variety of derivative markets where 'carbon credits', or 'carbon offsets', are issued through an exchange in return for a reduction of atmospheric carbon emissions. While frequently referred to as a ‘contract’ these intangible markets instruments appear to lack many of the basic requirements for a b ...
Tropical Hydropower is a Significant Source of Greenhouse Gas
... from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro headed by Luiz Pinguelli Rosa.4 A naturalgas combined cycle (NGCC) plant generating the same quantity of power would have had an impact equivalent to 8.1 million tons of carbon dioxide.5 An as yet unpublished study by Fearnside of another hydro dam in t ...
... from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro headed by Luiz Pinguelli Rosa.4 A naturalgas combined cycle (NGCC) plant generating the same quantity of power would have had an impact equivalent to 8.1 million tons of carbon dioxide.5 An as yet unpublished study by Fearnside of another hydro dam in t ...
03_MATCH_paper2_May17 - Modelling and assessment of
... The increase in CO2 concentration can be explained by the following factors: • Anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuels and industrial processes • Anthropogenic emissions/removals from land use change and forestry • Natural removals by the biosphere • Natural removals by the ocean ...
... The increase in CO2 concentration can be explained by the following factors: • Anthropogenic emissions from fossil fuels and industrial processes • Anthropogenic emissions/removals from land use change and forestry • Natural removals by the biosphere • Natural removals by the ocean ...
Climate debt: A primer
... countries; and/or 5) extends developed countries’ excessive historical emission levels, and therefore part inequities, into a new agreement. Despite these concerns, the approach, as proposed by developed countries, now form the basis of the “shared vision” set out in the Chair’s text. The text: 1) ...
... countries; and/or 5) extends developed countries’ excessive historical emission levels, and therefore part inequities, into a new agreement. Despite these concerns, the approach, as proposed by developed countries, now form the basis of the “shared vision” set out in the Chair’s text. The text: 1) ...
Research for Action: Climate - NSW Department of Primary Industries
... Working with our stakeholders The Australian Prime Minister ratified the Kyoto Protocol in December 2007. Australia has committed to meeting its Kyoto Protocol target, and has set a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 60% from year-2000 levels by 2050, including an interim reduction target ...
... Working with our stakeholders The Australian Prime Minister ratified the Kyoto Protocol in December 2007. Australia has committed to meeting its Kyoto Protocol target, and has set a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 60% from year-2000 levels by 2050, including an interim reduction target ...
Natural Resources
... FISCAL EFFECT: According to the Senate Appropriations Committee, minor and absorbable costs to the Cost of Implementation Account to ARB to set the 2050 target and unknown annual costs, at least in the hundreds of millions of dollars, from various special funds for additional programs to achieve the ...
... FISCAL EFFECT: According to the Senate Appropriations Committee, minor and absorbable costs to the Cost of Implementation Account to ARB to set the 2050 target and unknown annual costs, at least in the hundreds of millions of dollars, from various special funds for additional programs to achieve the ...
Nota di lavoro 1998.010 - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei
... in 1992, has been signed by more than 150 nations. In Article 2 the FCCC states its objective to be the stabilization of “atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. In Article 4, the FCCC obligates the i ...
... in 1992, has been signed by more than 150 nations. In Article 2 the FCCC states its objective to be the stabilization of “atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. In Article 4, the FCCC obligates the i ...
Climate change going beyond dangerous
... Internationally, there are a range of statements and declarations framing climate change and our agreed responses to it. First and foremost, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) states in its Article 2 that: The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments ...
... Internationally, there are a range of statements and declarations framing climate change and our agreed responses to it. First and foremost, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) states in its Article 2 that: The ultimate objective of this Convention and any related legal instruments ...
Sec._5_OtherSecsRqrdNEPA_081909
... The Old River and Connection Slough sites are located in a sparsely developed, rural portion of unincorporated San Joaquin and Contra Costa counties. The nearest communities are the City of Oakley, located approximately 2.4 miles west of the Old River site, and Discovery Bay, located about 4.8 miles ...
... The Old River and Connection Slough sites are located in a sparsely developed, rural portion of unincorporated San Joaquin and Contra Costa counties. The nearest communities are the City of Oakley, located approximately 2.4 miles west of the Old River site, and Discovery Bay, located about 4.8 miles ...
Understanding key positions of the Least Developed
... needs within the international climate change negotiation process. ...
... needs within the international climate change negotiation process. ...
Negative greenhouse gas emissions
... In reality, there are social, economic and political factors that hold back the speed of decarbonisation. These comprise finance, information and skills, raw materials, timeconsuming planning processes, inertia, concerns about competitiveness, population growth and rising living standards. Paradoxic ...
... In reality, there are social, economic and political factors that hold back the speed of decarbonisation. These comprise finance, information and skills, raw materials, timeconsuming planning processes, inertia, concerns about competitiveness, population growth and rising living standards. Paradoxic ...
Three Ways to Understand State Actors in International Negotiations
... In short, in prolonged international negotiations, what factors determine a state’s negotiating position, and its preparedness to sign an agreement? And how and why are such decisions made? This article addresses these questions by considering the role of the US across almost a decade of internation ...
... In short, in prolonged international negotiations, what factors determine a state’s negotiating position, and its preparedness to sign an agreement? And how and why are such decisions made? This article addresses these questions by considering the role of the US across almost a decade of internation ...
Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Seafood
... greater or lesser warming effect, but all are standardised into equivalent units of CO2. As the reference gas, CO2 has a Global Warming Potential of 1. ...
... greater or lesser warming effect, but all are standardised into equivalent units of CO2. As the reference gas, CO2 has a Global Warming Potential of 1. ...
Industrialized-Country Mitigation Policy and Resource Transfers to
... emissions is central to worldwide progress in reducing the risks of anthropogenic climate change. Industrialized-country governments and publics are increasingly concerned that their emissions reduction commitments are unrequited by action in some of the world’s largest emitters, especially India an ...
... emissions is central to worldwide progress in reducing the risks of anthropogenic climate change. Industrialized-country governments and publics are increasingly concerned that their emissions reduction commitments are unrequited by action in some of the world’s largest emitters, especially India an ...
DOCX 270KB - Climate Change Authority
... The CFI and ERF are specific examples of a broad type of policy called ‘baseline and credit schemes’. These schemes take many different forms, but they all share some basic features, including setting a baseline, and issuing credits when the outcome is better than the baseline. Australia has impleme ...
... The CFI and ERF are specific examples of a broad type of policy called ‘baseline and credit schemes’. These schemes take many different forms, but they all share some basic features, including setting a baseline, and issuing credits when the outcome is better than the baseline. Australia has impleme ...
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty, which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise that (a) global warming exists and (b) man-made CO2 emissions have caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December, 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 Parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to ""a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"" (Art. 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. A second commitment period was agreed on in 2012, known as the Doha Amendment to the protocol, in which 37 countries have binding targets: Australia, the European Union (and its 28 member states), Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round targets. Japan, New Zealand and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first-round but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012) and the United States (which has not ratified the Protocol). As of July 2015, 36 states have accepted the Doha Amendment, while entry into force requires the acceptances of 144 states.Negotiations were held in Lima in 2014 to agree on a post-Kyoto legal framework that would obligate all major polluters to pay for CO2 emissions. China, India, and the United States have all signaled that they will not ratify any treaty that will commit them legally to reduce CO2 emissions.