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... policy response. Aviation contributes a small but growing proportion to this problem (less than 4% of man-made atmospheric emissions). A key factor however, is that some of aviation's emissions are emitted in the upper atmosphere and may have a more direct effect. The science of climate change is st ...
... policy response. Aviation contributes a small but growing proportion to this problem (less than 4% of man-made atmospheric emissions). A key factor however, is that some of aviation's emissions are emitted in the upper atmosphere and may have a more direct effect. The science of climate change is st ...
here
... “climate change” (even if the ACT Greens believe the ACT can on its own prevent global climate change!). • China cannot be a free rider. Without its total support, there will be no reduction in climate change from which it would benefit without incurring any costs. ...
... “climate change” (even if the ACT Greens believe the ACT can on its own prevent global climate change!). • China cannot be a free rider. Without its total support, there will be no reduction in climate change from which it would benefit without incurring any costs. ...
Word - ITU
... Fellowships: ITU-T will provide a limited number of partial fellowships to one participant per eligible country for the events within the available budget, as specified in “Condition 2” of the Fellowship request form in Annex 2. The participant must be duly authorized by the respective ITU Administr ...
... Fellowships: ITU-T will provide a limited number of partial fellowships to one participant per eligible country for the events within the available budget, as specified in “Condition 2” of the Fellowship request form in Annex 2. The participant must be duly authorized by the respective ITU Administr ...
11. Tax and climate change
... trading. The first is that it already exists. The Kyoto Protocol is, in effect, an attempt to apply emissions trading between sovereign states, while the EU’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has created a well-established and active carbon trading market within Europe. The second reason to favour ...
... trading. The first is that it already exists. The Kyoto Protocol is, in effect, an attempt to apply emissions trading between sovereign states, while the EU’s Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has created a well-established and active carbon trading market within Europe. The second reason to favour ...
Executive Summary
... Canada’s total greenhouse gas emissions were estimated to be 692 Mt CO2 eq,2 an increase of approximately 2 Mt (0.25%) from the 2009 level of 690 Mt. Since 2005, Canadian GHG emissions have decreased by 48 Mt (6.5%). Canada’s emissions in 2010 were 102 Mt (17%) above the 1990 total of 589 Mt (Figure ...
... Canada’s total greenhouse gas emissions were estimated to be 692 Mt CO2 eq,2 an increase of approximately 2 Mt (0.25%) from the 2009 level of 690 Mt. Since 2005, Canadian GHG emissions have decreased by 48 Mt (6.5%). Canada’s emissions in 2010 were 102 Mt (17%) above the 1990 total of 589 Mt (Figure ...
Ecological Development and Global Climate Change: A Cross
... Global climate change is a ‘‘tragedy of the commons’’ (Hardin 1968). Climate is a common resource that cannot be readily fenced or allocated according to need. Garrett Hardin (1968) used the concept of ‘‘tragedy’’ to denote the expected degradation of environmental resources when owned commonly. A t ...
... Global climate change is a ‘‘tragedy of the commons’’ (Hardin 1968). Climate is a common resource that cannot be readily fenced or allocated according to need. Garrett Hardin (1968) used the concept of ‘‘tragedy’’ to denote the expected degradation of environmental resources when owned commonly. A t ...
Long-term climate goals Decarbonisation, carbon
... If the concepts carbon neutral and climate neutral are to make a useful contribution to climate action as desirable states to be reached, there needs to be a clear, shared understanding of what these terms mean. For the authors, the key attribute of ‘carbon-neutral’ and ‘climate-neutral’ activities ...
... If the concepts carbon neutral and climate neutral are to make a useful contribution to climate action as desirable states to be reached, there needs to be a clear, shared understanding of what these terms mean. For the authors, the key attribute of ‘carbon-neutral’ and ‘climate-neutral’ activities ...
Climate Change and Related Program Activities
... • On May 13, 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a final rule that establishes a common sense approach to addressing greenhouse gas emissions from stationary sources under the Clean Air Act (CAA) permitting programs. This final rule sets thresholds for greenhouse gas (GHG) em ...
... • On May 13, 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a final rule that establishes a common sense approach to addressing greenhouse gas emissions from stationary sources under the Clean Air Act (CAA) permitting programs. This final rule sets thresholds for greenhouse gas (GHG) em ...
The Climate Change Benefits of Reducing Methane Emissions
... 2001, p5). Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions would therefore bring benefits. But which gases should we reduce? Although carbon dioxide has captured most of the headlines, methane is also a potent greenhouse gas. It accounts for about 20% of the increase in radiative forcing since pre-industrial ...
... 2001, p5). Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions would therefore bring benefits. But which gases should we reduce? Although carbon dioxide has captured most of the headlines, methane is also a potent greenhouse gas. It accounts for about 20% of the increase in radiative forcing since pre-industrial ...
NAFTA and Climate Change - Peterson Institute for International
... tion submitted the treaty for ratification, and President Bush subsequently withdrew the United States from the protocol in 2001. Although Canada did ratify the Kyoto Protocol, it was not until 2000 that it released its Federal Action Plan, which aimed to reduce GHGs by 65 million metric tons (mmt) ...
... tion submitted the treaty for ratification, and President Bush subsequently withdrew the United States from the protocol in 2001. Although Canada did ratify the Kyoto Protocol, it was not until 2000 that it released its Federal Action Plan, which aimed to reduce GHGs by 65 million metric tons (mmt) ...
The Climate Change-Energy Challenge
... Climate scientists have observed that carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere have been increasing significantly over the past century, compared to the pre-industrial era (about 280 parts per million, or ppm). The 2014 concentration of CO2 (397 ppm) 1 was about 40% higher than in the m ...
... Climate scientists have observed that carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere have been increasing significantly over the past century, compared to the pre-industrial era (about 280 parts per million, or ppm). The 2014 concentration of CO2 (397 ppm) 1 was about 40% higher than in the m ...
9 Towards global agreemenT Key points
... in place to support national action. The most important of these will be international trading of emissions entitlements and public funding for technological development and adaptation. These two areas are covered by the Kyoto Protocol, which takes as its starting point the global stabilisation goa ...
... in place to support national action. The most important of these will be international trading of emissions entitlements and public funding for technological development and adaptation. These two areas are covered by the Kyoto Protocol, which takes as its starting point the global stabilisation goa ...
front cover
... People, culture and ecosystems have a right to survive. That means the world Has a duty to act. To prevent such disasters, scientists say we should keep global warming well below 2°C. To ensure that, we must cut emissions of the gases that cause climate change by at least 80 per cent by 2050 compare ...
... People, culture and ecosystems have a right to survive. That means the world Has a duty to act. To prevent such disasters, scientists say we should keep global warming well below 2°C. To ensure that, we must cut emissions of the gases that cause climate change by at least 80 per cent by 2050 compare ...
Special Report on Emission Scenario’s
... • Energy infrastructure investment decisions, (20 trillion US$ till 2030; 50% in developing countries) will have long term impacts on GHG emissions. • The widespread diffusion of low-carbon technologies may take many decades, even if early investments in these technologies are made attractive. • Ret ...
... • Energy infrastructure investment decisions, (20 trillion US$ till 2030; 50% in developing countries) will have long term impacts on GHG emissions. • The widespread diffusion of low-carbon technologies may take many decades, even if early investments in these technologies are made attractive. • Ret ...
Climate Change, Density and Development
... tax on its residents to directly combat global warming. The City of Chicago has taken a completely different tack and operates the Employee Commutes Options (ECO) Program, which reduces overall VMTs by promoting ridesharing. Clearly, governments at all levels have begun to incorporate measures to ad ...
... tax on its residents to directly combat global warming. The City of Chicago has taken a completely different tack and operates the Employee Commutes Options (ECO) Program, which reduces overall VMTs by promoting ridesharing. Clearly, governments at all levels have begun to incorporate measures to ad ...
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international treaty, which extends the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits State Parties to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, based on the premise that (a) global warming exists and (b) man-made CO2 emissions have caused it. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December, 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005. There are currently 192 Parties (Canada withdrew effective December 2012) to the Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol implemented the objective of the UNFCCC to fight global warming by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere to ""a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system"" (Art. 2). The Protocol is based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: it puts the obligation to reduce current emissions on developed countries on the basis that they are historically responsible for the current levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. A second commitment period was agreed on in 2012, known as the Doha Amendment to the protocol, in which 37 countries have binding targets: Australia, the European Union (and its 28 member states), Belarus, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round targets. Japan, New Zealand and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first-round but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012) and the United States (which has not ratified the Protocol). As of July 2015, 36 states have accepted the Doha Amendment, while entry into force requires the acceptances of 144 states.Negotiations were held in Lima in 2014 to agree on a post-Kyoto legal framework that would obligate all major polluters to pay for CO2 emissions. China, India, and the United States have all signaled that they will not ratify any treaty that will commit them legally to reduce CO2 emissions.