Africa
... actions that are consistent with and enhance long term agricultural productivity, food security and environmental sustainability goals. The first fundamental need towards achievement of this objective is to support Member Countries, and in particular to developing countries, in improving their abili ...
... actions that are consistent with and enhance long term agricultural productivity, food security and environmental sustainability goals. The first fundamental need towards achievement of this objective is to support Member Countries, and in particular to developing countries, in improving their abili ...
Climate phoenix - Grattan Institute
... reduce emissions: if they do more of the work, the cost and disruption of reducing emissions overall will be minimised. To make this happen, baselines should be reduced more aggressively than is strictly necessary to meet Australia’s target. The government would then auction permits – the right to e ...
... reduce emissions: if they do more of the work, the cost and disruption of reducing emissions overall will be minimised. To make this happen, baselines should be reduced more aggressively than is strictly necessary to meet Australia’s target. The government would then auction permits – the right to e ...
Growth of climate change commitments from HFC banks and
... and HFCs illustrated in Fig. 1 are listed and grouped according to the delay times (banking times) between production and emission. About 64 % of CFC emission in the period just before the Montreal Protocol was signed came from applications with short banking times, such as aerosol propellants, clea ...
... and HFCs illustrated in Fig. 1 are listed and grouped according to the delay times (banking times) between production and emission. About 64 % of CFC emission in the period just before the Montreal Protocol was signed came from applications with short banking times, such as aerosol propellants, clea ...
Ireland’s Pathway to Kyoto Compliance Review of the National Climate Change
... Now, as we approach the 2008-2012 period, in which Ireland and the other developed country parties to the Kyoto Protocol have committed themselves to specific limits on their national emissions of greenhouse gases, we need to take stock of our progress and identify what more we need to do. Ireland’s ...
... Now, as we approach the 2008-2012 period, in which Ireland and the other developed country parties to the Kyoto Protocol have committed themselves to specific limits on their national emissions of greenhouse gases, we need to take stock of our progress and identify what more we need to do. Ireland’s ...
Multi-gas abatement analysis of the Marrakesh Accords Paul. L
... It seems necessary, that global emissions peak before 2020 to achieve 400 or 450ppm stabilization levels. Cost of delay potentially very high. This is followed by reductions in the order of 30% to 60% (incl. land use CO2 emissions) in 2050 compared to 1990 levels (450/400ppm CO2eq). ...
... It seems necessary, that global emissions peak before 2020 to achieve 400 or 450ppm stabilization levels. Cost of delay potentially very high. This is followed by reductions in the order of 30% to 60% (incl. land use CO2 emissions) in 2050 compared to 1990 levels (450/400ppm CO2eq). ...
A SUCCESSOR FOR THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
... the ability to absorb and re-emit infrared radiation.6 The three main gases that are recognised as GHGs are carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane; however, compounds such as tropospheric ozone and halocarbons are also considered to be GHGs.7 It is widely agreed that the naturally occurring green ...
... the ability to absorb and re-emit infrared radiation.6 The three main gases that are recognised as GHGs are carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane; however, compounds such as tropospheric ozone and halocarbons are also considered to be GHGs.7 It is widely agreed that the naturally occurring green ...
Greenhouse Gas Regulation and Climate Change
... soon increase the state’s legally mandated GHG reduction target to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050.3 The purpose of California’s GHG policies is to reduce the concentration of human-generated GHGs in the atmosphere. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and many other sci ...
... soon increase the state’s legally mandated GHG reduction target to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050.3 The purpose of California’s GHG policies is to reduce the concentration of human-generated GHGs in the atmosphere. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and many other sci ...
[City/Town/County] of [Jurisdiction]
... Alameda County is a metropolitan region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The 2005 census estimates the County’s population at 1.45 million, the 7th most populous county in the State of California. Like other metropolitan areas, inhabitants of the county and the cities therein contribute to the problem ...
... Alameda County is a metropolitan region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The 2005 census estimates the County’s population at 1.45 million, the 7th most populous county in the State of California. Like other metropolitan areas, inhabitants of the county and the cities therein contribute to the problem ...
[City/Town/County] of [Jurisdiction]
... Alameda County is a metropolitan region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The 2005 census estimates the County’s population at 1.45 million, the 7th most populous county in the State of California. Like other metropolitan areas, inhabitants of the county and the cities therein contribute to the problem ...
... Alameda County is a metropolitan region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The 2005 census estimates the County’s population at 1.45 million, the 7th most populous county in the State of California. Like other metropolitan areas, inhabitants of the county and the cities therein contribute to the problem ...
S2013034_en.pdf
... reduction cannot be done by one nation or government alone, but requires a commitment from all governments around the world. ...
... reduction cannot be done by one nation or government alone, but requires a commitment from all governments around the world. ...
2004 Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Manure
... MMS data. CH4 emissions from cattle manure management were calculated using the Tier 2 approach, whereas emissions from manure management from all other livestock categories were estimated using the Tier 1 approach. Table 2 shows animal weight, volatile solid excretion (VS) and maximum CH4 -producin ...
... MMS data. CH4 emissions from cattle manure management were calculated using the Tier 2 approach, whereas emissions from manure management from all other livestock categories were estimated using the Tier 1 approach. Table 2 shows animal weight, volatile solid excretion (VS) and maximum CH4 -producin ...
The Impact of CO2 Emissions on Agricultural Productivity and
... economy-wide impacts of climate change due to general equilibrium feedback effects and interdependence among various sectors (Carri 2008; Gebreegziabher et al. 2011). As a result, recently there has been increasing use of CGE models in economy-wide climate change impact analysis. These studies have ...
... economy-wide impacts of climate change due to general equilibrium feedback effects and interdependence among various sectors (Carri 2008; Gebreegziabher et al. 2011). As a result, recently there has been increasing use of CGE models in economy-wide climate change impact analysis. These studies have ...
The geography of global urban greenhouse gas emissions: an
... urban emissions from Scopes 1 and 2 in accordance with the World Business Council for Sustainable Development and World Resources Institute accounting protocol (WBCSD and WRI 2004). First, the GRUMP urban boundaries are more inclusive of suburban and peri-urban activities than politically derived bo ...
... urban emissions from Scopes 1 and 2 in accordance with the World Business Council for Sustainable Development and World Resources Institute accounting protocol (WBCSD and WRI 2004). First, the GRUMP urban boundaries are more inclusive of suburban and peri-urban activities than politically derived bo ...
Why the United States did not become a party to the Kyoto Protocol
... federal-level decision-making such as Senate resolutions and ratification. However, we use a two-level game approach. As far as we know, Lisowski (2002) represents the only previous attempt to use a two-level game approach to US climate policy. Whereas Lisowski addresses the Bush administration’s re ...
... federal-level decision-making such as Senate resolutions and ratification. However, we use a two-level game approach. As far as we know, Lisowski (2002) represents the only previous attempt to use a two-level game approach to US climate policy. Whereas Lisowski addresses the Bush administration’s re ...
A brief description of models used in this staff working document
... is a possible extension for a number of other air pollutants (NOx, SO2, VOC, NH3, and PM10). There are three mechanisms for emission reductions: (i) substitution between fuels and between energetic and non-energetic inputs, (ii) emission reduction due to less production and consumption, and (iii) pu ...
... is a possible extension for a number of other air pollutants (NOx, SO2, VOC, NH3, and PM10). There are three mechanisms for emission reductions: (i) substitution between fuels and between energetic and non-energetic inputs, (ii) emission reduction due to less production and consumption, and (iii) pu ...
Clearing the Air on Oilsands Emissions
... Second, emission comparison results can vary significantly based on what aspects of crude production are being compared. The typical full life cycle of oilsands crude includes many major steps from the production to end use. These include: extraction (e.g. mining or in situ), upgrading, pipeline or ...
... Second, emission comparison results can vary significantly based on what aspects of crude production are being compared. The typical full life cycle of oilsands crude includes many major steps from the production to end use. These include: extraction (e.g. mining or in situ), upgrading, pipeline or ...
Arranging deck chairs on the Titanic
... In 1992, the United Nations (UN) proposed a framework for dealing with climate change, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which entered into force in 1994. 4 UNFCCC segregates UN member states into developed (Annex I) and developing (non-Annex I) nations. 5 In 1997, ...
... In 1992, the United Nations (UN) proposed a framework for dealing with climate change, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which entered into force in 1994. 4 UNFCCC segregates UN member states into developed (Annex I) and developing (non-Annex I) nations. 5 In 1997, ...
Chapter 3 – The cost-effective path to 2050
... Notes: Values include non-CO2 GHGs allocated to sectors according to their 2013 share (Data are not available for non-CO2 emissions by sector in 2014). ...
... Notes: Values include non-CO2 GHGs allocated to sectors according to their 2013 share (Data are not available for non-CO2 emissions by sector in 2014). ...
master`s thesis the implementation of kyoto protocol
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that has so far been ratified by 192 countries. In 1997 the Kyoto protocol, a binding GHG reduction plan, was adopted and entered into force in 2005 after the required number of parties had ratified the agreement (Cirman, Domadenik, Koma ...
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that has so far been ratified by 192 countries. In 1997 the Kyoto protocol, a binding GHG reduction plan, was adopted and entered into force in 2005 after the required number of parties had ratified the agreement (Cirman, Domadenik, Koma ...
What does the Paris Agreement mean for climate policy in the
... world average, the Netherlands needs to embark on a pathway that ensures that all energy- and industry-related CO2 emissions are reduced to zero by 2025-2035 – i.e. within the next two decades. On a sector-specific level, this means …that 100% of energy demand should be covered by renewable sources ...
... world average, the Netherlands needs to embark on a pathway that ensures that all energy- and industry-related CO2 emissions are reduced to zero by 2025-2035 – i.e. within the next two decades. On a sector-specific level, this means …that 100% of energy demand should be covered by renewable sources ...
PDF
... Following the Copenhagen climate Accord, developed and developing countries have pledged to cut their greenhouse gas emissions, emissions intensity or emissions relative to baseline. This analysis puts the targets for the major countries on a common footing, and compares them across different metric ...
... Following the Copenhagen climate Accord, developed and developing countries have pledged to cut their greenhouse gas emissions, emissions intensity or emissions relative to baseline. This analysis puts the targets for the major countries on a common footing, and compares them across different metric ...
MULTI‐MUNICIPAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY
... fuels: petroleum refined into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, kerosene, heating oil, and other fuels; coal; and natural gas. As fossil fuels are combusted to provide energy, gases are emitted, including carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These and other gases, especially methane (CH4) an ...
... fuels: petroleum refined into gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, kerosene, heating oil, and other fuels; coal; and natural gas. As fossil fuels are combusted to provide energy, gases are emitted, including carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These and other gases, especially methane (CH4) an ...
PDF
... Japan, and the United States, among other countries. Due to the increasingly likely prospect of a world with multiple tradable permit systems, attention has focused on how and whether to link these systems. Linking occurs when a tradable permit system’s regulatory authority allows regulated entities ...
... Japan, and the United States, among other countries. Due to the increasingly likely prospect of a world with multiple tradable permit systems, attention has focused on how and whether to link these systems. Linking occurs when a tradable permit system’s regulatory authority allows regulated entities ...
4.4 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS 4.4.1 Introduction
... The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) established the IPCC in 1988. The goal of the IPCC is to evaluate the risk of climate change caused by human activities. Rather than performing research or monitoring climate, the IPCC relies on peer-reviewed ...
... The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) established the IPCC in 1988. The goal of the IPCC is to evaluate the risk of climate change caused by human activities. Rather than performing research or monitoring climate, the IPCC relies on peer-reviewed ...