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ppt - Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group
ppt - Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group

... • Develop global emission projections for mercury for different IPCC scenarios Harvard/ GISS: • Run GISS GCM 1950-2050 simulations for IPCC A2, B1, and B2 scenarios • Interpret results for on-line pollution tracers • Archive output for GEOS-Chem and MM5 Harvard/ Caltech: • Run GEOS-Chem ozone-aeroso ...
Transforming construction in Mongolia using Supplementary
Transforming construction in Mongolia using Supplementary

... • NAPCC is aimed not only at meeting the UNFCCC obligations, but also at setting priorities for action and to integrate climate change concerns into other national and sectoral development plans and programmes. ...
do 97% of climate scientists really agree?
do 97% of climate scientists really agree?

... effects of vaccines are real.” What would you say in response? You’d probably say, “Yeah but the benefits far outweigh the side effects.” By saying that “97% of doctors agree that vaccine side effects are real” without mentioning any of the benefits of vaccines, the anti-vaccine activist is trying t ...
The 100% renewable energy resolution
The 100% renewable energy resolution

The Environment
The Environment

... Global CO2 Emissions from Energy 1990 = 22 Billion tonnes ...
Download this article as a PDF
Download this article as a PDF

... transparency of clean energy research, development and demonstration, highlighting the importance of renewable energy and other low-carbon technologies. We ask our Energy Ministers to take forward this initiative and report back to us in 2016.” The Global Apollo Programme proposed by seven authors i ...
Thank God men cannot as yet fly and lay waste the sky as well as
Thank God men cannot as yet fly and lay waste the sky as well as

... average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level.” (Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, 2). The IPCC, established in 1988, is an objective, intergovernmental group of scientists who have been asked to prepare, based on available scientific ...
U Climate Change: Bridging Texas and São Paulo
U Climate Change: Bridging Texas and São Paulo

... (developed countries, or literally, the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) for emissions in the year 2007 by 17%. In their reference case scenario, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions from non-OECD countries in 2035 will be about double those from OECD countries. These project ...
'Why Are We Waiting? The Logic, Urgency and Promise of Tackling Climate Change' (pdf).
'Why Are We Waiting? The Logic, Urgency and Promise of Tackling Climate Change' (pdf).

... If conduct structural transformation well (relative to congestion, pollution, resource efficiency, land use) then much of what is necessary for low-carbon transition will be achieved. ...
cairns_top_priority
cairns_top_priority

... preceded it since the biota and climate are different.  The present biosphere has supported the genus Homo for at least 3 million years and the species Homo sapiens, to which humans belong, for 160,000-200,000 years.  Each of the five great extinctions was followed by a different biota that evolve ...
Below Zero Carbon Removal and the Climate Challenge
Below Zero Carbon Removal and the Climate Challenge

... carbon sinks like forests and oceans. Imagine a bath tub overflowing with water. To get atmospheric carbon levels back to manageable levels (lower than they are today) we not only need to turn off the tap by reducing emissions but also pull out the plug by boosting our carbon sinks.4 We need to find ...
The world`s biggest gamble
The world`s biggest gamble

... Abstract The scale of the decarbonisation challenge to meet the Paris Agreement is underplayed in the public arena. It will require precipitous emissions reductions within 40 years and a new carbon sink on the scale of the ocean sink. Even then, the world is extremely likely to overshoot. A catastro ...
Negative greenhouse gas emissions
Negative greenhouse gas emissions

... Climate geoengineering refers to methods for modifying the earth's systems in order to counteract climate change. Geoengineering methods fall into two broad categories: carbon dioxide removal (covered in this briefing) and solar radiation management. Solar radiation management aims to counteract glo ...
Arguing for population reduction
Arguing for population reduction

... within total emission rate R… • “Type-1” interpretation: “… and this generates a cap on average per-capita emissions of R/n. Individual instantaneous well-being is increasing in per-capita emissions. Therefore, the lower the instantaneous population, the better.” • “Type 2” (long-run) interpretation ...
Emissions Trading: Dairy industry response
Emissions Trading: Dairy industry response

...  Adaptation of farming systems to climate change is the industry’s highest priority as it will impact industry cost structures  Emissions mitigation is a major directive for all industries including agriculture  Dairy farming businesses need immediate and longer term access to practical informati ...
Climate risk, climate change and climate smart development
Climate risk, climate change and climate smart development

... Global Fossil Fuel Carbon Emissions Gigatons per Year ...
global-climate-change-2
global-climate-change-2

... into the atmosphere • by reducing sources of these gases (for example, the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat or transport) • or by enhancing the “sinks” that accumulate and store these gases (such as the oceans, forests and soil). • The goal of mitigation is to avoid dangerous human inte ...
Zero Carbon, Zero Poverty the Climate Justice Way
Zero Carbon, Zero Poverty the Climate Justice Way

... timeframe required to avoid dangerous climate change, the global community must act in solidarity and invest in the transition to zero carbon and zero poverty in all countries. A low carbon, climate resilient pathway to prosperity for developing countries is more likely to support the right to devel ...
INTL LAW and the ENVIRONM.
INTL LAW and the ENVIRONM.

... • Economic growth is based on energy. A safe and sustainable energy pathway is crucial to sustainable development. • - We need to produce more energy without destroying the environment. To prevent dangerous climate change we need to move toward a society with significantly reduced emissions of green ...
CC-regime-complex-0
CC-regime-complex-0

...  States have widely endorsed the objective of restraining warming to less than 2˚C above pre-industrial levels, but none have been willing to adopt and implement the emissions reductions necessary to meet that objective ...
present status and future vulnerabilities
present status and future vulnerabilities

... the carbon-water system. • Identification of key research areas to advance in this field. ...
Opportunity Costs of Nuclear Power
Opportunity Costs of Nuclear Power

... merrier. For each dollar we spend we need to buy the maximum amount of “solution” possible. (The “least cost” solution) On both criteria, cost and speed, nuclear power is probably the least effective climate-stabilizing option on offer. As well as being more expensive, and taking longer to implement ...
the factsheet
the factsheet

... Another study quantified the carbon fluxes after the construction of five small dams in Canada and concluded that the primary source of emissions was the rotting of flooded organic matter,7 which contributes to net emissions. A carbon balance calculation carried out for the Petit Saut Reservoir in F ...
The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change
The Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change

... Four days later a conference opened in Toronto, attended by several hundred scientists, politicians and officials from 48 countries and the UN. It started the push for action by calling for a 20 per cent reduction in CO2 emissions by the year 2005. Political leaders in several countries picked up th ...
Contribution of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Contribution of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

... nitrogen oxides can vary substantially over time and location depending on air circulation patterns, temperature gradients, land use practices, and industrial emissions. Greenhouse gases are those that can absorb and emit thermal radiation (or heat) that would otherwise be lost to space. Many greenh ...
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Climate change mitigation



Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.
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