VII. Reflections on the future of Climate Change in Latin America
... b) in many cases, the reports include the identification of programmes as well as measures that can contribute to limiting emissions or increasing the sequestration capacity. The identification of possibilities of mitigation have been focused on Fuel Burning and Fugitive Emissions, in other words; e ...
... b) in many cases, the reports include the identification of programmes as well as measures that can contribute to limiting emissions or increasing the sequestration capacity. The identification of possibilities of mitigation have been focused on Fuel Burning and Fugitive Emissions, in other words; e ...
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... to climate change. Although there are a wide range of possible options, we may simplify here by considering two options. The first, ‘business as usual’ suggests that existing economic and social arrangements should not be changed in response to the risk of climate change. If policies that reduce CO2 ...
... to climate change. Although there are a wide range of possible options, we may simplify here by considering two options. The first, ‘business as usual’ suggests that existing economic and social arrangements should not be changed in response to the risk of climate change. If policies that reduce CO2 ...
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENERGY CHAPTER I
... incinerated, which is preferred to landfill disposal of waste because landfills generate methane (which is 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a GHG). Recently, however, some property managers of buildings in Arlington County, the District of Columbia and parts of Maryland adopted a more com ...
... incinerated, which is preferred to landfill disposal of waste because landfills generate methane (which is 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a GHG). Recently, however, some property managers of buildings in Arlington County, the District of Columbia and parts of Maryland adopted a more com ...
Chapter 18: Human Impacts on Climate
... expensive because of lost business opportunities—foregoing development of the Alberta oil sands would be an example of an expensive lost business opportunity. On the other hand, some means of reducing greenhouse gases, such as improving home insulation (which reduces energy use), are initially costl ...
... expensive because of lost business opportunities—foregoing development of the Alberta oil sands would be an example of an expensive lost business opportunity. On the other hand, some means of reducing greenhouse gases, such as improving home insulation (which reduces energy use), are initially costl ...
Climate Economics: The Literature and its Utility
... future climate change is one of the most challenging economic problems of today, and it is daunting for those who take policy analysis seriously.” He did suggest at this time (1994) that “a massive effort to slow climate change today would be premature given current understanding of the damages impo ...
... future climate change is one of the most challenging economic problems of today, and it is daunting for those who take policy analysis seriously.” He did suggest at this time (1994) that “a massive effort to slow climate change today would be premature given current understanding of the damages impo ...
A Climate of War - Oil Change International
... In 2008, over half of the federal government’s discretionary budget will go to the military. President Bush proposed to spend a mere $7.4 billion on climate change this year, compared to $647.2 billion for the military overall and $155.5 billion for the war in Iraq alone.19 And these budget figures ...
... In 2008, over half of the federal government’s discretionary budget will go to the military. President Bush proposed to spend a mere $7.4 billion on climate change this year, compared to $647.2 billion for the military overall and $155.5 billion for the war in Iraq alone.19 And these budget figures ...
The Climate Change-Energy Challenge
... Climate scientists have observed that carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere have been increasing significantly over the past century, compared to the pre-industrial era (about 280 parts per million, or ppm). The 2014 concentration of CO2 (397 ppm) 1 was about 40% higher than in the m ...
... Climate scientists have observed that carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere have been increasing significantly over the past century, compared to the pre-industrial era (about 280 parts per million, or ppm). The 2014 concentration of CO2 (397 ppm) 1 was about 40% higher than in the m ...
Greenhouse gas reduction strategies from the transportation
... regulatory changes are likely to happen over the next 40 years is highly uncertain. ...
... regulatory changes are likely to happen over the next 40 years is highly uncertain. ...
Climate change I: Kyoto Protocol preferred policy package
... implemented, are expected to reduce excess emissions during the first commitment period by around one third. These policies will make a substantial contribution to meeting the Government’s goal of ‘making significant reductions on business as usual and being set towards a permanent downward emission ...
... implemented, are expected to reduce excess emissions during the first commitment period by around one third. These policies will make a substantial contribution to meeting the Government’s goal of ‘making significant reductions on business as usual and being set towards a permanent downward emission ...
1093 EN
... To face this compelling reality, the EU has agreed a climate change and energy package, which puts in place measures to achieve the EU target of curbing emissions by at least 20% below 1990 levels by 2020. As part of this commitment, a reduction of 10% in 2005-2020 has been agreed for the sectors no ...
... To face this compelling reality, the EU has agreed a climate change and energy package, which puts in place measures to achieve the EU target of curbing emissions by at least 20% below 1990 levels by 2020. As part of this commitment, a reduction of 10% in 2005-2020 has been agreed for the sectors no ...
An e-newsletter of SANSAD South Asian Network for Social
... to keep their food and transport systems functioning. International conflict is likely. This clearly is not the optimal scenario. What alternative policies would yield different results, and how might we go about assessing policy options in the light of factors. Since fuel depletion alone will not r ...
... to keep their food and transport systems functioning. International conflict is likely. This clearly is not the optimal scenario. What alternative policies would yield different results, and how might we go about assessing policy options in the light of factors. Since fuel depletion alone will not r ...
Investing to Curb Climate Change: A Guide for the Institutional Investor
... The world’s governments have largely agreed that planetary warming must be limited to no more than 2°C (3.6°F) above the average global temperature human civilization experienced before the Industrial Revolution. However, the earth has already warmed 0.8°C since 1880, and the damage—in melting sea i ...
... The world’s governments have largely agreed that planetary warming must be limited to no more than 2°C (3.6°F) above the average global temperature human civilization experienced before the Industrial Revolution. However, the earth has already warmed 0.8°C since 1880, and the damage—in melting sea i ...
Environmental policy performance bonds
... écoutent” (promises bind only those who listen to them) declared Henri Queuille, a French politician. According to the UNFCCC, 33 countries have fixed CO2 reduction objectives, including new joiners from the emerging world like Mexico and Russia, but no country seems to have clearly aligned financia ...
... écoutent” (promises bind only those who listen to them) declared Henri Queuille, a French politician. According to the UNFCCC, 33 countries have fixed CO2 reduction objectives, including new joiners from the emerging world like Mexico and Russia, but no country seems to have clearly aligned financia ...
Don`t Kill Kyoto
... climate change. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was agreed as a legal instrument to implement the Convention. The Protocol includes quantified emissions reduction targets for developed countries – known as Annex 1 Parties. It also specifies accounting methods and compliance mechanisms for the targets, a ...
... climate change. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was agreed as a legal instrument to implement the Convention. The Protocol includes quantified emissions reduction targets for developed countries – known as Annex 1 Parties. It also specifies accounting methods and compliance mechanisms for the targets, a ...
Slide 1 - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... See Meinshausen et al., Climatic Change, 2011, doi: DOI 10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z and Rogelj et al., Nature Climate Change, 2011, doi: DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1258 ...
... See Meinshausen et al., Climatic Change, 2011, doi: DOI 10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z and Rogelj et al., Nature Climate Change, 2011, doi: DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1258 ...
Biogeophysical effects of CO2 fertilization on global climate
... In the Physiol-noGHG case, the land and ocean carbon cycle models use the predicted atmospheric CO 2 content associated with the prescribed emissions, but the radiation calculation uses the pre-industrial concentrations of CO 2 and other greenhouse gases: there is no change in greenhouse gas radiati ...
... In the Physiol-noGHG case, the land and ocean carbon cycle models use the predicted atmospheric CO 2 content associated with the prescribed emissions, but the radiation calculation uses the pre-industrial concentrations of CO 2 and other greenhouse gases: there is no change in greenhouse gas radiati ...
Policies for Developing Country Engagement
... intensity of their economies in recent decades. In general, however, most remain more energy intensive than Europe, Japan, and North America. This suggests there remains significant scope for energy efficiency (EE) programs to improve climate outcomes. The IPCC 4th Assessment Report estimated that e ...
... intensity of their economies in recent decades. In general, however, most remain more energy intensive than Europe, Japan, and North America. This suggests there remains significant scope for energy efficiency (EE) programs to improve climate outcomes. The IPCC 4th Assessment Report estimated that e ...
Contributions of past and present human generations to committed
... water vapor within months after major volcanic eruptions (1, 2). In contrast, the mixed layer of the ocean displays a response time scale of the order of decades, whereas the deep ocean and the great polar ice sheets change over centuries or even millennia. The thermal inertia of ocean and ice is th ...
... water vapor within months after major volcanic eruptions (1, 2). In contrast, the mixed layer of the ocean displays a response time scale of the order of decades, whereas the deep ocean and the great polar ice sheets change over centuries or even millennia. The thermal inertia of ocean and ice is th ...
Greater Blue Mountains - Executive Summary (June 2007)
... We submit that the World Heritage Committee must address both the impacts and the causes of the threats to the GBMWHA as a result of climate change in the context of the matters raised herein. Climate Change is already causing deterioration to World Heritage Sites and it seems highly likely that al ...
... We submit that the World Heritage Committee must address both the impacts and the causes of the threats to the GBMWHA as a result of climate change in the context of the matters raised herein. Climate Change is already causing deterioration to World Heritage Sites and it seems highly likely that al ...
Arctic Climate Issues 2014: Short-Lived Climate
... to provide an authoritative and up-to-date review of current understanding of the climate impacts of these SLCPs. The purpose of these reports is to provide the scientific foundation to inform Arctic States and provide a basis for their actions to reduce the atmospheric levels of the three SLCPs and ...
... to provide an authoritative and up-to-date review of current understanding of the climate impacts of these SLCPs. The purpose of these reports is to provide the scientific foundation to inform Arctic States and provide a basis for their actions to reduce the atmospheric levels of the three SLCPs and ...
The cost of the Climate Change Act
... released by the CCC,2 which show total public spending on climate change policies via levies and taxes amounted to £6.76 billion in 2014/5 – equivalent to £248 per household. This figure is on a financial year basis and differs in some components from those we have compiled from DECC sources; notabl ...
... released by the CCC,2 which show total public spending on climate change policies via levies and taxes amounted to £6.76 billion in 2014/5 – equivalent to £248 per household. This figure is on a financial year basis and differs in some components from those we have compiled from DECC sources; notabl ...
The Paris Agreement global goals: What does a fair share for G20
... Reaching a temperature goal at minimal costs implies an optimal selection and deployment of low-carbon options (e.g. policies, renewable energies, afforestation, reduction of consumption, recycling…). The costs and effects, as well as the timing of these options are modelled using Integrated Assessm ...
... Reaching a temperature goal at minimal costs implies an optimal selection and deployment of low-carbon options (e.g. policies, renewable energies, afforestation, reduction of consumption, recycling…). The costs and effects, as well as the timing of these options are modelled using Integrated Assessm ...
Global mechanisms for sustaining and enhancing PES schemes ⁎ Josh Farley
... some countries refuse to regulate emissions. The physical characteristics of biodiversity in contrast make it exceedingly difficult to provide through market mechanisms. Like climate stability, the benefits of biodiversity are inherently nonexcludable, so that it is virtually impossible to develop a m ...
... some countries refuse to regulate emissions. The physical characteristics of biodiversity in contrast make it exceedingly difficult to provide through market mechanisms. Like climate stability, the benefits of biodiversity are inherently nonexcludable, so that it is virtually impossible to develop a m ...
The “Business-As-Usual” growth of global primary energy use and
... components beyond this range, but the filtering required to estimate a(t) means that attributing significance to these is problematic and hence we refrain from doing so. We note that periodic components in the observed behaviour of economic systems have assumed particular significance in the literat ...
... components beyond this range, but the filtering required to estimate a(t) means that attributing significance to these is problematic and hence we refrain from doing so. We note that periodic components in the observed behaviour of economic systems have assumed particular significance in the literat ...
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation consists of actions to limit the magnitude or rate of long-term climate change. Climate change mitigation generally involves reductions in human (anthropogenic) emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Mitigation may also be achieved by increasing the capacity of carbon sinks, e.g., through reforestation. Mitigation policies can substantially reduce the risks associated with human-induced global warming.""Mitigation is a public good; climate change is a case of ‘the tragedy of the commons’""Effective climate change mitigation will not be achieved if each agent (individual, institution or country) acts independently in its own selfish interest, (See International Cooperation and Emissions Trading) suggesting the need for collective action. Some adaptation actions, on the other hand, have characteristics of a private good as benefits of actions may accrue more directly to the individuals, regions, or countries that undertake them, at least in the short term. Nevertheless, financing such adaptive activities remains an issue, particularly for poor individuals and countries.""Examples of mitigation include switching to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewable and nuclear energy, and expanding forests and other ""sinks"" to remove greater amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Energy efficiency may also play a role, for example, through improving the insulation of buildings. Another approach to climate change mitigation is climate engineering.Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of GHGs at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference of the climate system. Scientific analysis can provide information on the impacts of climate change, but deciding which impacts are dangerous requires value judgments.In 2010, Parties to the UNFCCC agreed that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level. This may be revised with a target of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C relative to pre-industrial levels. The current trajectory of global greenhouse gas emissions does not appear to be consistent with limiting global warming to below 1.5 or 2 °C, relative to pre-industrial levels. Other mitigation policies have been proposed, some of which are more stringent or modest than the 2 °C limit.