Direction of Krebs cycle Which way does the citric acid cycle turn
... dimer combination results in either an ATP-forming SUCL (EC 6.2.1.5) or a GTP-forming SUCL (EC 6.2.1.4). GTP may transphosphorylate to ATP by nucleoside-diphosphate kinase. In either case, succinate thiokinase also generates CoASH and succinate. Generation of high-energy phosphates by this reaction ...
... dimer combination results in either an ATP-forming SUCL (EC 6.2.1.5) or a GTP-forming SUCL (EC 6.2.1.4). GTP may transphosphorylate to ATP by nucleoside-diphosphate kinase. In either case, succinate thiokinase also generates CoASH and succinate. Generation of high-energy phosphates by this reaction ...
Lecture-Oxidative Phsphorylation
... Oxidative Phosphorylation What is mitochondria? 2 membranes: Inner - only permeable to O2, H2O transporters req’d for ATP, Pi, pyruvate, etc. folding increases surface area (site of ox. phos. machinery) Matrix contains: citric acid cycle enzymes Fatty acid oxidation enzymes (discuss later) ...
... Oxidative Phosphorylation What is mitochondria? 2 membranes: Inner - only permeable to O2, H2O transporters req’d for ATP, Pi, pyruvate, etc. folding increases surface area (site of ox. phos. machinery) Matrix contains: citric acid cycle enzymes Fatty acid oxidation enzymes (discuss later) ...
A chronic alcoholic develops severe memory loss with marked
... The correct answer is A. Long-term starvation induces many biochemical changes. Much of the body's energy requirements are normally supplied by serum glucose, but in starvation are supplied by both glucose and lipid-derived ketone bodies, including acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Gluc ...
... The correct answer is A. Long-term starvation induces many biochemical changes. Much of the body's energy requirements are normally supplied by serum glucose, but in starvation are supplied by both glucose and lipid-derived ketone bodies, including acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Gluc ...
Full-Text PDF
... “Thioester World” preceding those encoded by the earliest RNA based system. The evidence for this evolution is found in the catalytic site of the Class II synthetases [14] and the thioesters formed at the editing modules of the Class I synthetases [15]. “These and other data support a hypothesis tha ...
... “Thioester World” preceding those encoded by the earliest RNA based system. The evidence for this evolution is found in the catalytic site of the Class II synthetases [14] and the thioesters formed at the editing modules of the Class I synthetases [15]. “These and other data support a hypothesis tha ...
... A key step in biosynthesis of lysine AAA biosynthetic pathway in fungus like Saccharomyces cerevisiae is enzymatic reduction of R-aminoadipate to the semialdehyde which requires two gene products, Lys2 and Lys5. Here, the gene Lys5 is a specific posttranslational modification catalyst. The AAA pathw ...
Structural transformation in formic acid on ultra cold ice surfaces
... at 1250 and 1217 cm1. At higher temperatures all the peaks in the fingerprint region become sharper due to the crystalline nature of the sample. After this till the desorption temperature no phase change is observed (Fig. 2e). At 185 K formic acid is completely desorbed from the KBr disc and the cle ...
... at 1250 and 1217 cm1. At higher temperatures all the peaks in the fingerprint region become sharper due to the crystalline nature of the sample. After this till the desorption temperature no phase change is observed (Fig. 2e). At 185 K formic acid is completely desorbed from the KBr disc and the cle ...
file ini - Pusat Penelitian Biologi
... Subsequently, PSB is requisite for land reclamation and restoration to improve despoiled land since the genus has useful producing plant growth promoter, phosphorus availability to plant, and as the competitor of plant bacterial pathogen. In the preliminary work, the fastest growing and the widest c ...
... Subsequently, PSB is requisite for land reclamation and restoration to improve despoiled land since the genus has useful producing plant growth promoter, phosphorus availability to plant, and as the competitor of plant bacterial pathogen. In the preliminary work, the fastest growing and the widest c ...
Note Set 11 1 GLYCOLYSIS (also known as: EMBDEN
... pyruvate present in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes •conversion of glucose to pyruvate is exergonic coupled to the synthesis of a limited amount of ATP •it is an anaerobic process in obligate anaerobes it is the main source of ATP •some facultative anaerobies, such as yeast, grow "normally" solely on ...
... pyruvate present in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes •conversion of glucose to pyruvate is exergonic coupled to the synthesis of a limited amount of ATP •it is an anaerobic process in obligate anaerobes it is the main source of ATP •some facultative anaerobies, such as yeast, grow "normally" solely on ...
Soft X-Ray-Induced Decomposition of Amino Acids: An XPS, Mass
... and integrated. Due to considerable inhomogeneous broadening, a line fit using only Gaussian line shapes and thus neglecting the small Lorentzian contribution was sufficient. Intensities of the shake-up satellites were not taken into account. Standard atomic sensitivity factors (40) were used, which ...
... and integrated. Due to considerable inhomogeneous broadening, a line fit using only Gaussian line shapes and thus neglecting the small Lorentzian contribution was sufficient. Intensities of the shake-up satellites were not taken into account. Standard atomic sensitivity factors (40) were used, which ...
File Ref.No.7054/GA - IV - J1/2013/CU UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
... Coenzymes and cofactors:Definition: examples of a) metal ions b) coenzymes c) prosthetic group.. Coenzymes and their functions - NAD, NADP+,FAD, FMN, lipoic acid, TPP, pyridoxal phosphate and biotin.( structure and one reaction each) ...
... Coenzymes and cofactors:Definition: examples of a) metal ions b) coenzymes c) prosthetic group.. Coenzymes and their functions - NAD, NADP+,FAD, FMN, lipoic acid, TPP, pyridoxal phosphate and biotin.( structure and one reaction each) ...
How Cells Release Chemical Energy – Cellular Respiration
... What if you’re on a lowcarb diet (not so much glucose)??? Alternative metabolic pathways • Cells use other energy sources There are C’s in proteins! There are C’s in lipids! ...
... What if you’re on a lowcarb diet (not so much glucose)??? Alternative metabolic pathways • Cells use other energy sources There are C’s in proteins! There are C’s in lipids! ...
chapter 15 acids and bases
... At this point, we can make an assumption that x is very small compared to 0.60. Hence, 0.60 − x ≈ 0.60 Oftentimes, assumptions such as these are valid if K is very small. A very small value of K means that a very small amount of reactants go to products. Hence, x is small. If we did not make this as ...
... At this point, we can make an assumption that x is very small compared to 0.60. Hence, 0.60 − x ≈ 0.60 Oftentimes, assumptions such as these are valid if K is very small. A very small value of K means that a very small amount of reactants go to products. Hence, x is small. If we did not make this as ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... a hybrid. The early steps of this path up to 6-phosphogluconate are practically identical to the pentose phosphate pathway; the later steps are identical to glycolysis. In biochemistry the same elements are frequently used in new combinations. The pentose phosphate cycle is itself a new variation on ...
... a hybrid. The early steps of this path up to 6-phosphogluconate are practically identical to the pentose phosphate pathway; the later steps are identical to glycolysis. In biochemistry the same elements are frequently used in new combinations. The pentose phosphate cycle is itself a new variation on ...
PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND BIOMEMBRANES L. L. M. VAN DEENEN
... phospholipids with the energy converting and releasing machinery of the living cell has been endorsed by numerous investigations during the past few years, particularly by D. E. Green and co-workers. 1~7, ls5 The mitochondrion has been fragmented into elementary particles, 44 being the seat of enzym ...
... phospholipids with the energy converting and releasing machinery of the living cell has been endorsed by numerous investigations during the past few years, particularly by D. E. Green and co-workers. 1~7, ls5 The mitochondrion has been fragmented into elementary particles, 44 being the seat of enzym ...
phys chapter 78 [2-9
... Excess carbs in diet makes insulin secretion increase; insulin causes carbs to be stored as glycogen mainly in liver and muscles; all excess carbs that can’t be stored as glycogen converted to fats and stored in adipose tissue (under stimulus of insulin) Insulin has direct effect in promoting am ...
... Excess carbs in diet makes insulin secretion increase; insulin causes carbs to be stored as glycogen mainly in liver and muscles; all excess carbs that can’t be stored as glycogen converted to fats and stored in adipose tissue (under stimulus of insulin) Insulin has direct effect in promoting am ...
Pivotal Role of Water in the Mechanism of
... to the endocannabinoid arachidonylethanolamine (also known as anandamide). Recent work comparing arachidonylglycine to anandamide suggests that each compound has its own spectrum of distinct physiological effects (20). Just as the effects of anandamide parallel those of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), t ...
... to the endocannabinoid arachidonylethanolamine (also known as anandamide). Recent work comparing arachidonylglycine to anandamide suggests that each compound has its own spectrum of distinct physiological effects (20). Just as the effects of anandamide parallel those of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), t ...
Two novel species of marine phototrophic Gammaproteobacteria
... oxidase-positive, the major fatty acids were C16:0, C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c, C18:1ω7c/C18:16c ...
... oxidase-positive, the major fatty acids were C16:0, C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c, C18:1ω7c/C18:16c ...
Cellular Respiration (Text Book)
... • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle ...
... • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle ...
vitamine
... intestines only in the presence of bile salts and other lipids through interaction with chylomicrons. Therefore, fat malabsorptive diseases can result in vitamin K deficiency. • Present in green leafy vegetables like lettuce, parsley, spinach and various greens (beet and mustard). Broccoli and certa ...
... intestines only in the presence of bile salts and other lipids through interaction with chylomicrons. Therefore, fat malabsorptive diseases can result in vitamin K deficiency. • Present in green leafy vegetables like lettuce, parsley, spinach and various greens (beet and mustard). Broccoli and certa ...
Specificity prediction of adenylation domains in nonribosomal
... cyclosporin A. NRPS belong to the family of megasynthetases, which are among the largest known enzymes, with molecular weights of up to 2.3 MDa (21 000 residues) (3). They possess several modules, each of which contains a set of enzymatic domains that, in their specificity, number and organization ...
... cyclosporin A. NRPS belong to the family of megasynthetases, which are among the largest known enzymes, with molecular weights of up to 2.3 MDa (21 000 residues) (3). They possess several modules, each of which contains a set of enzymatic domains that, in their specificity, number and organization ...
Nature template
... phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase or pyruvate carboxylase. The product, oxaloacetate, could be converted into amino acids and stored in proteins or possibly secreted from the embryo (e.g. in reduced form as malate). However, based on the amino acid composition of B. napus embryos, recovery of CO2 via ...
... phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase or pyruvate carboxylase. The product, oxaloacetate, could be converted into amino acids and stored in proteins or possibly secreted from the embryo (e.g. in reduced form as malate). However, based on the amino acid composition of B. napus embryos, recovery of CO2 via ...
The Gas-Phase Chemistry of Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes
... Complexes of cyclodextrins are studied in the gas phase to obtain fundamental insight into the nature of molecular recognition. Cyclodextrins are a group of cyclic oligosaccharides composed of R(1,4)-linked glucopyranose units.1,2 The most common have six, seven, and eight units with the common name ...
... Complexes of cyclodextrins are studied in the gas phase to obtain fundamental insight into the nature of molecular recognition. Cyclodextrins are a group of cyclic oligosaccharides composed of R(1,4)-linked glucopyranose units.1,2 The most common have six, seven, and eight units with the common name ...
Exam 4 key fall 2010
... (5) 15. Explain why NADH produced in glycolysis in eukaryotes typically causes a problem. ...
... (5) 15. Explain why NADH produced in glycolysis in eukaryotes typically causes a problem. ...
BIOCHEMISTRY
... value of pH (from 5,5 for phenylalanine to 6,3 for proline); for acidic amino acids, it has lower values (e.g. 3,2 for glutamic acid and 2,8 for aspartic acid). The isoelectric point for the major amino acids, histidine and, especially, lysine and arginine, is significantly greater than 7. 3. Stereo ...
... value of pH (from 5,5 for phenylalanine to 6,3 for proline); for acidic amino acids, it has lower values (e.g. 3,2 for glutamic acid and 2,8 for aspartic acid). The isoelectric point for the major amino acids, histidine and, especially, lysine and arginine, is significantly greater than 7. 3. Stereo ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.