Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria Capable to Breakdown Citric Acid
... for chocolate production. It is led by a complex microbial consortium essentially composed of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acetic acid bacteria (AAB) and Bacillus which impact strongly the quality of cocoa and chocolate [1,2]. During cocoa fermentation, yeasts oxidize sugar contained in the p ...
... for chocolate production. It is led by a complex microbial consortium essentially composed of yeasts, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acetic acid bacteria (AAB) and Bacillus which impact strongly the quality of cocoa and chocolate [1,2]. During cocoa fermentation, yeasts oxidize sugar contained in the p ...
4. Power: Pathways that make ATP
... sufficient to supply the mitochondria so that mitochondria can keep up with production of ATP. Then glycolysis produces most of the ATP for the energy required for muscle contraction. This is called “anaerobic” exercise. (On an exercise bicycle, anaerobic exercise is when the muscles are rapidly con ...
... sufficient to supply the mitochondria so that mitochondria can keep up with production of ATP. Then glycolysis produces most of the ATP for the energy required for muscle contraction. This is called “anaerobic” exercise. (On an exercise bicycle, anaerobic exercise is when the muscles are rapidly con ...
Lecture 7- 24 October 2013 Vitamins in metabolism and regulation
... protect against oxidation component of atherosclerosis ...
... protect against oxidation component of atherosclerosis ...
Insulin and Glucagon
... enzymes and their control elements (also proteins, especially perillipin A) are extensively phosphorylated, apparently by protein kinase A. Phosphorylation follows activation of adenyl cyclase, mainly through stimulation by glucagon and adrenalin. The cyclic AMP formed by the activated cyclase stimu ...
... enzymes and their control elements (also proteins, especially perillipin A) are extensively phosphorylated, apparently by protein kinase A. Phosphorylation follows activation of adenyl cyclase, mainly through stimulation by glucagon and adrenalin. The cyclic AMP formed by the activated cyclase stimu ...
Every dogma has its day
... Dogmas are unscientific. What is perhaps the greatest biological dogma of all time, the ‘unity of biochemistry’ is, in the main, still having its day. According to present knowledge, the exceptions to this dogma are mere details when seen in relation to the biosystem as a whole. Nevertheless the exc ...
... Dogmas are unscientific. What is perhaps the greatest biological dogma of all time, the ‘unity of biochemistry’ is, in the main, still having its day. According to present knowledge, the exceptions to this dogma are mere details when seen in relation to the biosystem as a whole. Nevertheless the exc ...
ALT
... GPT (ALT) catalyses the transfer of amino-groups from alanine to 2oxoglutarate and thus the formation of glutamate and pyruvate. ...
... GPT (ALT) catalyses the transfer of amino-groups from alanine to 2oxoglutarate and thus the formation of glutamate and pyruvate. ...
Chem 356 Structure and Function in Biochemistry
... glucose by microorganisms. The glucose is then broken down to pyruvate via glycolysis. Because the process is carried out in the absence of oxygen (i.e., it is fermentation), pyuvate is reduced to lactic acid and ethanol by the microorganisms. If oxygen were present, pyruvate would be oxidized to ac ...
... glucose by microorganisms. The glucose is then broken down to pyruvate via glycolysis. Because the process is carried out in the absence of oxygen (i.e., it is fermentation), pyuvate is reduced to lactic acid and ethanol by the microorganisms. If oxygen were present, pyruvate would be oxidized to ac ...
Vitamin - definition
... • In advanced scurvy there are open, suppurating wounds and loss of teeth. Severe scurvy may progress to neuritis, jaundice, fever, dyspnea, and death. ...
... • In advanced scurvy there are open, suppurating wounds and loss of teeth. Severe scurvy may progress to neuritis, jaundice, fever, dyspnea, and death. ...
Interpreting the Genetic Code
... 3 Modification of the release factor (eRF) to restrict its binding specificity so that it no longer binds the former stop codon ...
... 3 Modification of the release factor (eRF) to restrict its binding specificity so that it no longer binds the former stop codon ...
Pineapple Juice and Its Fractions in Enzymatic Browning Inhibition
... Many types of fruits, especially bananas, brown rapidly when their tissues are cut or bruised. The brown color is developed due to the enzymatic oxidation of phenols to quinones by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the presence of oxygen. Subsequently, these quinones condense and react nonenzymatically wi ...
... Many types of fruits, especially bananas, brown rapidly when their tissues are cut or bruised. The brown color is developed due to the enzymatic oxidation of phenols to quinones by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the presence of oxygen. Subsequently, these quinones condense and react nonenzymatically wi ...
Plasma Total Amino Acids, Plasma Glutamate
... availability of amino acids for gluconeogenesis. The results of present study with type 2 diabetic subjects clearly establishes an elevated plasma levels of AAN,AL, and GM in type 2 diabetic subjects (refer table 1) which may be due to decreased insulin levels or due to decreased insulin action. Thi ...
... availability of amino acids for gluconeogenesis. The results of present study with type 2 diabetic subjects clearly establishes an elevated plasma levels of AAN,AL, and GM in type 2 diabetic subjects (refer table 1) which may be due to decreased insulin levels or due to decreased insulin action. Thi ...
heme
... • reaction is catalyzed by enzyme ferrochelatase Figure was assumed from http://www.porphyrin.net/mediporph/_netbiochem/synthesis/ ferrochelatase.html ...
... • reaction is catalyzed by enzyme ferrochelatase Figure was assumed from http://www.porphyrin.net/mediporph/_netbiochem/synthesis/ ferrochelatase.html ...
Interpreting the Genetic Code
... 3 Modification of the release factor (eRF) to restrict its binding specificity so that it no longer binds the former stop codon ...
... 3 Modification of the release factor (eRF) to restrict its binding specificity so that it no longer binds the former stop codon ...
Chapter 1. introduction
... C. tRNA: The smallest types of RNA Carriers of specific amino acids used for protein synthesis 74-93 nucleotides in a single chain Cloverleaf structure for tRNA Page 260 Fig. 10.17 ...
... C. tRNA: The smallest types of RNA Carriers of specific amino acids used for protein synthesis 74-93 nucleotides in a single chain Cloverleaf structure for tRNA Page 260 Fig. 10.17 ...
Chapter 5
... • Hydrogenating vegetable oils also creates unsaturated fats with trans double bonds • These trans fats may contribute more than saturated fats to cardiovascular disease Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Hydrogenating vegetable oils also creates unsaturated fats with trans double bonds • These trans fats may contribute more than saturated fats to cardiovascular disease Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Metabolism and function of bile acids
... tissues, the entry of cholesterol into the alternate pathwaysis facilitatedby cholesterolhydroxylases.The oxysterols generated by these enzymes are 7e~-hydroxylatedby oxysterol hydroxylasesand the products enter the latter steps of the classicalpathway. can be converted into bile acids. The producti ...
... tissues, the entry of cholesterol into the alternate pathwaysis facilitatedby cholesterolhydroxylases.The oxysterols generated by these enzymes are 7e~-hydroxylatedby oxysterol hydroxylasesand the products enter the latter steps of the classicalpathway. can be converted into bile acids. The producti ...
Problem Set 1
... The COX-2 pathway was discovered in 1991 and, because it is upregulated during inflammation, it was anticipated that this would be a more specific target than COX-1 (which produces homeostatic prostaglandins and is therefore always active). ...
... The COX-2 pathway was discovered in 1991 and, because it is upregulated during inflammation, it was anticipated that this would be a more specific target than COX-1 (which produces homeostatic prostaglandins and is therefore always active). ...
Amino acids in Arctic aerosols
... Amino acids are ubiquitous compounds with an integral role in atmospheric aerosol compositions (Ge et al., 2011). Due to their low vapor pressure, amino acids are often detected in the condensed phase and are recognized as significant components of aerosols (Mandalakis et al., 2010; Violaki and Miha ...
... Amino acids are ubiquitous compounds with an integral role in atmospheric aerosol compositions (Ge et al., 2011). Due to their low vapor pressure, amino acids are often detected in the condensed phase and are recognized as significant components of aerosols (Mandalakis et al., 2010; Violaki and Miha ...
Amino Acid Transporters and Release of Hydrophobic Amino Acids
... between them and divide labor between specialized cells. Under combined nitrogen deprivation, heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria present two cell types: vegetative cells that perform oxygenic photosynthesis and heterocysts that carry out N2 fixation [1]. These specialized cells rely on each other: het ...
... between them and divide labor between specialized cells. Under combined nitrogen deprivation, heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria present two cell types: vegetative cells that perform oxygenic photosynthesis and heterocysts that carry out N2 fixation [1]. These specialized cells rely on each other: het ...
Document
... catabolism of glucose, the main source of fuel for the body. • When there is insufficient glucose entering the body, glucose is made in the body from noncarbohydrate molecules through a process called gluconeogenesis. • Glucose enters the cell with the aid of a transporter protein. © 2011 Pearson Ed ...
... catabolism of glucose, the main source of fuel for the body. • When there is insufficient glucose entering the body, glucose is made in the body from noncarbohydrate molecules through a process called gluconeogenesis. • Glucose enters the cell with the aid of a transporter protein. © 2011 Pearson Ed ...
Ch. 22 Glycolysis • Explain how glucose is universal fuel, oxidized in
... 2 ATP convert Glucose to Fructose 1,6 bis-P; • Fructose 1,6-bis-P split to 2 trioses • Glyceraldehyde 3-P (and DHAP isomerized) ...
... 2 ATP convert Glucose to Fructose 1,6 bis-P; • Fructose 1,6-bis-P split to 2 trioses • Glyceraldehyde 3-P (and DHAP isomerized) ...
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA
... In eukaryotes, L-carnitine is involved in energy metabolism, where it facilitates βoxidation of fatty acids. Carnitine acetyltransferases (CrAT) catalyze the reversible conversion of acetyl-CoA and carnitine to acetylcarnitine and free CoA. There are three carnitine acyltransferase families, which d ...
... In eukaryotes, L-carnitine is involved in energy metabolism, where it facilitates βoxidation of fatty acids. Carnitine acetyltransferases (CrAT) catalyze the reversible conversion of acetyl-CoA and carnitine to acetylcarnitine and free CoA. There are three carnitine acyltransferase families, which d ...
No Slide Title
... H His Histidine Histidine is very special. It is hydrophilic due to the two nitrogens in its side chain. Both nitrogens can titrate (the first one at pH 6.2). It is a little bit aromatic. It is often seen in active sites.It is neutral at physiological pH, but it can easily become positive, and occa ...
... H His Histidine Histidine is very special. It is hydrophilic due to the two nitrogens in its side chain. Both nitrogens can titrate (the first one at pH 6.2). It is a little bit aromatic. It is often seen in active sites.It is neutral at physiological pH, but it can easily become positive, and occa ...
video slide
... Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acetyl CoA An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate ...
... Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) Fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation and yield acetyl CoA An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.