Lipid Metabolism
... To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must rst be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β -oxidation into acetyl CoA, which is used by the Kr ...
... To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must rst be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β -oxidation into acetyl CoA, which is used by the Kr ...
Amino Acid Metabolism
... Metabolic Pool of Amino Acids • Metabolic pool AA has no storage form in mammals (as with other life forms) as free AA or as specialized storage form (such as glycogen for glucose, TG for FA) but a certain percentage of muscle & structural proteins are “expendable”. • AA are used for proteins, N co ...
... Metabolic Pool of Amino Acids • Metabolic pool AA has no storage form in mammals (as with other life forms) as free AA or as specialized storage form (such as glycogen for glucose, TG for FA) but a certain percentage of muscle & structural proteins are “expendable”. • AA are used for proteins, N co ...
Lecture 27
... intermediates or precursors to be metabolized to CO2, H2O, or for use in gluconeogenesis. Aminoacids are glucogenic, ketogenic or both. Glucogenic amino acids-carbon skeletons are broken down to pyruvate, -ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate (glucose precursors). Ketogenic amino ...
... intermediates or precursors to be metabolized to CO2, H2O, or for use in gluconeogenesis. Aminoacids are glucogenic, ketogenic or both. Glucogenic amino acids-carbon skeletons are broken down to pyruvate, -ketoglutarate, succinyl-CoA, fumarate, or oxaloacetate (glucose precursors). Ketogenic amino ...
1 Amino Acid Metabolism
... Metabolic Pool of Amino Acids • Metabolic pool AA has no storage form in mammals (as with other life forms) as free AA or as specialized storage form (such as glycogen for glucose, TG for FA) but a certain percentage of muscle & structural proteins are “expendable”. • AA are used for proteins, N co ...
... Metabolic Pool of Amino Acids • Metabolic pool AA has no storage form in mammals (as with other life forms) as free AA or as specialized storage form (such as glycogen for glucose, TG for FA) but a certain percentage of muscle & structural proteins are “expendable”. • AA are used for proteins, N co ...
PATTERNS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
... Volatile flavour molecules can then leave the food and enter the air. Also some may dissolve in the cooking liquid and be lost. So the method and time of cooking is important in preserving flavours. Flavour molecules can be water-soluble or oil/fat-soluble. You can preserve the flavour by using wate ...
... Volatile flavour molecules can then leave the food and enter the air. Also some may dissolve in the cooking liquid and be lost. So the method and time of cooking is important in preserving flavours. Flavour molecules can be water-soluble or oil/fat-soluble. You can preserve the flavour by using wate ...
appendix a
... ethanol might apply to mammalian tissues, Warburg found that unlike most normal tissues, cancer cells tend to “ferment” glucose into lactate even in the presence of sufficient oxygen to support mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.4,5 Glycolysis produces only two Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) mol ...
... ethanol might apply to mammalian tissues, Warburg found that unlike most normal tissues, cancer cells tend to “ferment” glucose into lactate even in the presence of sufficient oxygen to support mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.4,5 Glycolysis produces only two Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP) mol ...
Document
... with an acid end. 3. Glycerol is a small 3 Carbon chain with 3 alcohol (OH) groups 4. These two molecules bind together via dehydration synthesis ...
... with an acid end. 3. Glycerol is a small 3 Carbon chain with 3 alcohol (OH) groups 4. These two molecules bind together via dehydration synthesis ...
Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase – an attractive enzyme for biotechnolo
... allocation. The cytosolic ACC1 produces malonyl-CoA for FAS and, therefore, both enzyme activity and gene transcription are increased under anabolic conditions. The mitochondria-associated ACC2 is mainly involved in the regulation of fat beta-oxidation pathway by inhibiting carnitine palmitoyl trans ...
... allocation. The cytosolic ACC1 produces malonyl-CoA for FAS and, therefore, both enzyme activity and gene transcription are increased under anabolic conditions. The mitochondria-associated ACC2 is mainly involved in the regulation of fat beta-oxidation pathway by inhibiting carnitine palmitoyl trans ...
+ E A.
... The ammonia is excreted and the pyruvate is used to produce glucose, which is returned to the muscle. ...
... The ammonia is excreted and the pyruvate is used to produce glucose, which is returned to the muscle. ...
Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase – an attractive enzyme for biotechnolo
... allocation. The cytosolic ACC1 produces malonyl-CoA for FAS and, therefore, both enzyme activity and gene transcription are increased under anabolic conditions. The mitochondria-associated ACC2 is mainly involved in the regulation of fat beta-oxidation pathway by inhibiting carnitine palmitoyl trans ...
... allocation. The cytosolic ACC1 produces malonyl-CoA for FAS and, therefore, both enzyme activity and gene transcription are increased under anabolic conditions. The mitochondria-associated ACC2 is mainly involved in the regulation of fat beta-oxidation pathway by inhibiting carnitine palmitoyl trans ...
235 KB 3rd Aug 2015 Hemp Protein
... expecting women Adequate protein source for vegan and vegetarian diets All nine essential amino acids Arginine and lysine, providing a safe and natural way to gain muscle mass Glutamine, which helps increase protein and glycogen synthesis in the body ...
... expecting women Adequate protein source for vegan and vegetarian diets All nine essential amino acids Arginine and lysine, providing a safe and natural way to gain muscle mass Glutamine, which helps increase protein and glycogen synthesis in the body ...
Proteins
... G-Proteins- Transmembrane signaling surface receptor proteins. Hormones, neurotransmitters etc pass through cell membrane with the help of G proteins Ramachandran Plot- In 1940, Linus Pauling and Robert Corey determined the X ray structure of amino acids to study the conformation of proteins.Based o ...
... G-Proteins- Transmembrane signaling surface receptor proteins. Hormones, neurotransmitters etc pass through cell membrane with the help of G proteins Ramachandran Plot- In 1940, Linus Pauling and Robert Corey determined the X ray structure of amino acids to study the conformation of proteins.Based o ...
ACID - TeacherWeb
... • Acid and base are terms used by chemists to classify chemicals according to their pH. • ACID - A class of compounds whose water solutions taste sour, turn blue litmus to red, and react with bases to form salts. Acids generally give up a hydrogen ion (H+) in solution. • BASE - A class of compounds ...
... • Acid and base are terms used by chemists to classify chemicals according to their pH. • ACID - A class of compounds whose water solutions taste sour, turn blue litmus to red, and react with bases to form salts. Acids generally give up a hydrogen ion (H+) in solution. • BASE - A class of compounds ...
Microbiology: A Systems Approach, 2nd ed.
... achieved by: – Increasing thermal energy to increase molecular velocity – Increasing the concentration of reactants to increase the rate of molecular collisions – Adding a catalyst ...
... achieved by: – Increasing thermal energy to increase molecular velocity – Increasing the concentration of reactants to increase the rate of molecular collisions – Adding a catalyst ...
File - Wk 1-2
... products of the cycle and the role of the cycle in providing reducing equivalents for the electron transport chain. The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occurs in the mitacholdria of the cell and occurs in the presence of oxygen (aerobic pathway). Pyruvic acid from glycolysis first needs to be conver ...
... products of the cycle and the role of the cycle in providing reducing equivalents for the electron transport chain. The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occurs in the mitacholdria of the cell and occurs in the presence of oxygen (aerobic pathway). Pyruvic acid from glycolysis first needs to be conver ...
Studies of Fatty Acid Oxidation IX. The Effects of
... involved in the biological oxidation of fatty acids, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required, being necessary for the conversion of the various fatty acids to their coenzyme A esters (18). Such par ticipation of ATP in fatty acid oxidation is appar ently essential and is confirmed by the finding (8 ...
... involved in the biological oxidation of fatty acids, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required, being necessary for the conversion of the various fatty acids to their coenzyme A esters (18). Such par ticipation of ATP in fatty acid oxidation is appar ently essential and is confirmed by the finding (8 ...
1958 Shorland: RECENT WORK ON ANIMAL FATS
... into the citric acid cycle to be oxidized into carbon dioxide and water. The level of fatty acid oxidation is therefore determined by the rate at which oxaloacetate I,ecomes nvailab1.e. If this rate falls off through depression of carbohydrate metabolism as in diabetes, then acetyl coenzyme A cannot ...
... into the citric acid cycle to be oxidized into carbon dioxide and water. The level of fatty acid oxidation is therefore determined by the rate at which oxaloacetate I,ecomes nvailab1.e. If this rate falls off through depression of carbohydrate metabolism as in diabetes, then acetyl coenzyme A cannot ...
Four Amino Acids Are Converted to Succinyl
... • Tryptophan breakdownis the most complex of all the pathways of amino acid catabolism in animal tissues; portions of tryptophan(four of its carbons) yield acetylCoA via acetoacetyl-CoA. • Some of the intermediates in tryptophan catabolism are precursors for the synthesis of other biomolecules inclu ...
... • Tryptophan breakdownis the most complex of all the pathways of amino acid catabolism in animal tissues; portions of tryptophan(four of its carbons) yield acetylCoA via acetoacetyl-CoA. • Some of the intermediates in tryptophan catabolism are precursors for the synthesis of other biomolecules inclu ...
Antiprotozoal agents
... antitrypanosomal arises from absence of nitroreudctase in human and presence of it in the invading organism. 2) so we can say that in metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole, nitro group cause both the activity and selectivity. 3) advantages of tinidazole and secnidazole over metronidazole 1) less in ...
... antitrypanosomal arises from absence of nitroreudctase in human and presence of it in the invading organism. 2) so we can say that in metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole, nitro group cause both the activity and selectivity. 3) advantages of tinidazole and secnidazole over metronidazole 1) less in ...
Midterm_Review
... 5. What is the formal charge of all atoms in ozone, O3? 6. How many resonance forms are there for NO3-? Draw them, with curved arrows showing movement of electrons. ...
... 5. What is the formal charge of all atoms in ozone, O3? 6. How many resonance forms are there for NO3-? Draw them, with curved arrows showing movement of electrons. ...
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular
... be obtained from dietary sources in order to ensure normal physiologic functions [5]. Foods rich in LA include corn and sunflower oils, whereas flaxseed oil is particularly high in ALA. Longer-chain –6 and –3 PUFAs, such as arachidonic acid (AA; C20:4 –6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 ...
... be obtained from dietary sources in order to ensure normal physiologic functions [5]. Foods rich in LA include corn and sunflower oils, whereas flaxseed oil is particularly high in ALA. Longer-chain –6 and –3 PUFAs, such as arachidonic acid (AA; C20:4 –6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 ...
9.2 The Process of Respiration
... NADH and FADH2 cannot drop off electrons meaning all NAD+ and FAD are occupied. This shuts down the ...
... NADH and FADH2 cannot drop off electrons meaning all NAD+ and FAD are occupied. This shuts down the ...
Alkaloid
... complex Electrons (& energy from reduction potential) are derived from 4 NADH At least 16 ATP must be hydrolyzed The ammonia (NH3) produced is either utilized by the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, or secreted into the environment In the case of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the NH3 is transported i ...
... complex Electrons (& energy from reduction potential) are derived from 4 NADH At least 16 ATP must be hydrolyzed The ammonia (NH3) produced is either utilized by the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, or secreted into the environment In the case of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the NH3 is transported i ...
- humans ingest more proteins than needed for replacement of
... Branched-chain amino acid metabolic pathways - branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine (essential amino acids) - first step in their catabolism is reversible transamination amino group transferred to alphaKG to form glutamate - second reaction irreversible oxidative decarbox ...
... Branched-chain amino acid metabolic pathways - branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine (essential amino acids) - first step in their catabolism is reversible transamination amino group transferred to alphaKG to form glutamate - second reaction irreversible oxidative decarbox ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.