Study of the distribution of autotrophic CO2 fixation
... 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle using acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA)/propionyl-CoA carboxylase as the carboxylating enzyme has been identified for (micro)aerobic members of the Sulfolobales. The dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle using oxygen-sensitive pyruvate synthase and phosphoenolpyruva ...
... 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle using acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA)/propionyl-CoA carboxylase as the carboxylating enzyme has been identified for (micro)aerobic members of the Sulfolobales. The dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle using oxygen-sensitive pyruvate synthase and phosphoenolpyruva ...
Amino acid transport in Penicillium chrysogenum in relation to
... metabolic pathways (metabolic flux control by a physical barrier). It was in 1991 that the importance of the microbody with respect to penicillin biosynthesis (secondary metabolism) became evident when IAT was shown to be located in this organelle (136). When the putative targeting signal was remove ...
... metabolic pathways (metabolic flux control by a physical barrier). It was in 1991 that the importance of the microbody with respect to penicillin biosynthesis (secondary metabolism) became evident when IAT was shown to be located in this organelle (136). When the putative targeting signal was remove ...
An Essential Role of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain in
... phenformin, were several encoding ETC-related proteins, including complex I subunits (NDUFA11, NDUFB2, NDUFA10, NDUFB9), mitochondrial RNA processing and ubiquinone synthesis enzymes (PDE12 and COQ4), and ETC assembly factors (ACAD9 and SCO2) (Figure 1D, Figure S1B). Unlike genes encoding core ETC c ...
... phenformin, were several encoding ETC-related proteins, including complex I subunits (NDUFA11, NDUFB2, NDUFA10, NDUFB9), mitochondrial RNA processing and ubiquinone synthesis enzymes (PDE12 and COQ4), and ETC assembly factors (ACAD9 and SCO2) (Figure 1D, Figure S1B). Unlike genes encoding core ETC c ...
File
... Metabolism: These are the sequences of the biochemical reaction that degrade, synthesize, or interconvert small molecules inside a cell. This is for the understanding both normal functioning and metabolic basis of human diseases, molecular basis of drug action, drug interaction and many genetic dise ...
... Metabolism: These are the sequences of the biochemical reaction that degrade, synthesize, or interconvert small molecules inside a cell. This is for the understanding both normal functioning and metabolic basis of human diseases, molecular basis of drug action, drug interaction and many genetic dise ...
Bovine Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein
... nnate immunity provides the first line of antimicrobial defense in animals (1), and many components of this system are evolutionarily conserved from insects to humans (2). Pattern recognition molecules, encoded in the germ line, are essential components of innate immunity, because they distinguish i ...
... nnate immunity provides the first line of antimicrobial defense in animals (1), and many components of this system are evolutionarily conserved from insects to humans (2). Pattern recognition molecules, encoded in the germ line, are essential components of innate immunity, because they distinguish i ...
Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is a GABAA Receptor
... activity, which was sensitive to vanadate but insensitive to okadaic acid or fluoride. Rundown was significantly reduced by the addition of GAPDH or its reduced cofactor NADH and nearly abolished by the addition of its substrate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). The prevention of rundown by G3P was ...
... activity, which was sensitive to vanadate but insensitive to okadaic acid or fluoride. Rundown was significantly reduced by the addition of GAPDH or its reduced cofactor NADH and nearly abolished by the addition of its substrate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). The prevention of rundown by G3P was ...
Interaction interfaces of protein domains are not topologically
... that the interacting proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, when compared with their orthologues from Caenorhabditis elegans, evolve at similar rates. Recent studies, however, have shown that the interacting proteins in closely related genomes have a slight influence on the rate at which these protein ...
... that the interacting proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, when compared with their orthologues from Caenorhabditis elegans, evolve at similar rates. Recent studies, however, have shown that the interacting proteins in closely related genomes have a slight influence on the rate at which these protein ...
Immunohistochemical localization of fatty acid transporters and
... transepidermal water loss but not any changes in fatty acid composition in the skin (14). However, they possessed sebaceous glands of reduced sizes without any alteration in hair follicle morphology and density (18). The colocalization of E-FABP with CD36 in the upper epidermis was observed in the p ...
... transepidermal water loss but not any changes in fatty acid composition in the skin (14). However, they possessed sebaceous glands of reduced sizes without any alteration in hair follicle morphology and density (18). The colocalization of E-FABP with CD36 in the upper epidermis was observed in the p ...
Chapter 7 How Cells Release Chemical energy
... Overview of Carbohydrate Breakdown Pathway Plants and all other photoautotrophs get energy from the sun, heterotrophs get by eating plants and one another ATP is a common energy currency that drives metabolic reactions in cells ...
... Overview of Carbohydrate Breakdown Pathway Plants and all other photoautotrophs get energy from the sun, heterotrophs get by eating plants and one another ATP is a common energy currency that drives metabolic reactions in cells ...
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors
... [1]. The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFr) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) involved in many biological processes like Angiogenesis, embryo development, and homeostasis of adult body tissues. The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family consists of five highly related genes (FGFR1-4 ...
... [1]. The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFr) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) involved in many biological processes like Angiogenesis, embryo development, and homeostasis of adult body tissues. The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family consists of five highly related genes (FGFR1-4 ...
The integrity of a cholesterol-binding pocket in Niemann–Pick C2
... Departments of *Developmental Biology, ‡Genetics and †Pathology, §Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beckman Center B300, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5329 This contribution is part of the special series of Inaugural Articles by members of the National A ...
... Departments of *Developmental Biology, ‡Genetics and †Pathology, §Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Beckman Center B300, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5329 This contribution is part of the special series of Inaugural Articles by members of the National A ...
Limonene_Synthase-Plant Physiol.-1999-Turner-879-86
... Intact chloroplasts were isolated from 8- to 12-d-old pea seedlings and purified over a Percoll gradient as previously described (Bruce et al., 1994). Intact chloroplasts were re-isolated and resuspended in import buffer (50 mm Hepes/KOH, pH 8.0, containing 330 mm sorbitol) at a concentration of 1 m ...
... Intact chloroplasts were isolated from 8- to 12-d-old pea seedlings and purified over a Percoll gradient as previously described (Bruce et al., 1994). Intact chloroplasts were re-isolated and resuspended in import buffer (50 mm Hepes/KOH, pH 8.0, containing 330 mm sorbitol) at a concentration of 1 m ...
Stepwise Acquisition of Pyrimethamine Resistance in the Malaria
... Fig. 1. A flow chart of the computer algorithm is provided in Fig. S1. Briefly, replicate evolutionary landscapes were defined by random sampling of IC50 values for each of the 16 possible alleles from normal distributions with the allele-specific genotypic means and standard deviations depicted in ...
... Fig. 1. A flow chart of the computer algorithm is provided in Fig. S1. Briefly, replicate evolutionary landscapes were defined by random sampling of IC50 values for each of the 16 possible alleles from normal distributions with the allele-specific genotypic means and standard deviations depicted in ...
Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of the Chicken
... homeobox gene, apterous, is required during embryogenesis for proper development of wing and haltere imaginal discs (Wilson, 1981; Cohen et al., 1992; Bourgouin et al., 1992). In addition to the LIM-homeodomain proteins, a number of small (10-30 kD) proteins that are comprised primarily of LIM domai ...
... homeobox gene, apterous, is required during embryogenesis for proper development of wing and haltere imaginal discs (Wilson, 1981; Cohen et al., 1992; Bourgouin et al., 1992). In addition to the LIM-homeodomain proteins, a number of small (10-30 kD) proteins that are comprised primarily of LIM domai ...
REVIEWS
... carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur. This enables them to feed the central metabolic pathways — glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate pathway, the citric acid cycle and the 2‑oxoglutarate–glutamate–glutamine cycle — from which all of the precursors that are required for the synthesis of the cell’s ...
... carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur. This enables them to feed the central metabolic pathways — glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate pathway, the citric acid cycle and the 2‑oxoglutarate–glutamate–glutamine cycle — from which all of the precursors that are required for the synthesis of the cell’s ...
De Novo Pyrimidine Nucleotide Synthesis Mainly
... Nucleotide de novo synthesis is highly conserved among organisms and represents an essential biochemical pathway. In plants, the two initial enzymatic reactions of de novo pyrimidine synthesis occur in the plastids. By use of green fluorescent protein fusions, clear support is provided for a localiz ...
... Nucleotide de novo synthesis is highly conserved among organisms and represents an essential biochemical pathway. In plants, the two initial enzymatic reactions of de novo pyrimidine synthesis occur in the plastids. By use of green fluorescent protein fusions, clear support is provided for a localiz ...
Succinate Dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
... covalent FAD. Together, the Fp and Ip form a catalytic dimer that is attached to the membrane by the anchoring subunits, thereby composing the holoenzyme. In yeast, the SDH Fp, Ip, and two anchoring subunits are encoded by the nuclear genes, SDH1, SDH2, SDH3, and SDH4, respectively, which have all b ...
... covalent FAD. Together, the Fp and Ip form a catalytic dimer that is attached to the membrane by the anchoring subunits, thereby composing the holoenzyme. In yeast, the SDH Fp, Ip, and two anchoring subunits are encoded by the nuclear genes, SDH1, SDH2, SDH3, and SDH4, respectively, which have all b ...
STP-A11, an oncoprotein of Herpesvirus saimiri augments
... Nguyen et al., 1999). Thus, TRAF6 functions as an adaptor protein for various receptors such as IL-1/ Toll like-, TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE)-, and CD40-receptor, leading to NF- B activation (Lomaga et al., 1999; Nguyen et al., 1999; Jabara et al., 2002). Src kinase, a member of ...
... Nguyen et al., 1999). Thus, TRAF6 functions as an adaptor protein for various receptors such as IL-1/ Toll like-, TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE)-, and CD40-receptor, leading to NF- B activation (Lomaga et al., 1999; Nguyen et al., 1999; Jabara et al., 2002). Src kinase, a member of ...
... Type Culture Collection (Manassa, VA). Approximately 1×106 viable cells (HC11 cells or Mac-T cells) were incubated in 1 mL of Krebs buffer containing 20 mmol/L HEPES, 5 mmol/L D-glucose, 0.3 mmol/L NH4Cl, 5 µL of 20 U/mL insulin, and 0, 0.5 or 2 L-leucine plus L-[1-14C]- or L-[U-14C]-labeled leucine ...
Detoxification mechanisms (Apis mellifera) resulting in tolerance of dietary nicotine
... tobacco specialist caterpillar, M. sexta, metabolizes nicotine to cotinine and cotinine N-oxide via a P450-mediated pathway, supporting the notion that the C-oxidation of nicotine by honey bees constitutes true detoxification. In the nicotine-resistant peach-potato aphid (M. persicae) overexpression ...
... tobacco specialist caterpillar, M. sexta, metabolizes nicotine to cotinine and cotinine N-oxide via a P450-mediated pathway, supporting the notion that the C-oxidation of nicotine by honey bees constitutes true detoxification. In the nicotine-resistant peach-potato aphid (M. persicae) overexpression ...
REPRODUCTION
... pathway. Over the course of oocyte maturation, a large proportion of total glucose is metabolised via the glycolytic pathway to provide substrates such as pyruvate for energy production. Glucose is also the substrate for many cellular functions during oocyte maturation, including regulation of nucle ...
... pathway. Over the course of oocyte maturation, a large proportion of total glucose is metabolised via the glycolytic pathway to provide substrates such as pyruvate for energy production. Glucose is also the substrate for many cellular functions during oocyte maturation, including regulation of nucle ...
Hyaluronic acid influence on platelet-induced airway smooth muscle cell proliferation
... Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and is expressed throughout the body including the lung and mostly in areas surrounding proliferating and migrating cells. Furthermore, platelets have been implicated as important players in the airway remodeling pr ...
... Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the main components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and is expressed throughout the body including the lung and mostly in areas surrounding proliferating and migrating cells. Furthermore, platelets have been implicated as important players in the airway remodeling pr ...
Carbohydrate metabolism
... Liver glycogen serves as a glucose reserve for the maintenance of blood glucose level. Muscle glycogen serves as an energy reserve. It is a source of ATP for muscular activity. Exercise of a muscle triggers mobilization of muscle glycogen for formation of ATP. Glycogen is an animal branched homopoly ...
... Liver glycogen serves as a glucose reserve for the maintenance of blood glucose level. Muscle glycogen serves as an energy reserve. It is a source of ATP for muscular activity. Exercise of a muscle triggers mobilization of muscle glycogen for formation of ATP. Glycogen is an animal branched homopoly ...
Protein tyrosine phosphorylation in plants: more
... epidermal growth factor receptor, that govern Tyr phosphorylation in animals. A long-standing debate questions whether plants have any Tyr-specific kinases and, although several protein kinases with both Ser/Thr and Tyr specificities exist, data supporting the existence of other such kinases are sca ...
... epidermal growth factor receptor, that govern Tyr phosphorylation in animals. A long-standing debate questions whether plants have any Tyr-specific kinases and, although several protein kinases with both Ser/Thr and Tyr specificities exist, data supporting the existence of other such kinases are sca ...