Full Text
... PKM2 expression is regulated by multiple signal pathways at different levels. Insulin can induce the expression of the PKM gene through activating the PI3K/MAPK signal pathway. During PKM expression, two transcription factors, SP1 (Specificity Protein 1) and SP2 (Specificity Protein 2), play key rol ...
... PKM2 expression is regulated by multiple signal pathways at different levels. Insulin can induce the expression of the PKM gene through activating the PI3K/MAPK signal pathway. During PKM expression, two transcription factors, SP1 (Specificity Protein 1) and SP2 (Specificity Protein 2), play key rol ...
2015-2016 SMART Team Abstract Booklet.
... Clostridium. All clostridial neurotoxins, such as BoNT/A, are di-chain proteins, consisting of a 50-kDa light chain, the catalytic domain, connected by a disulfide bond to a 100-kDa heavy chain, containing the receptor-binding and translocation domains. BoNT/A intoxication is a multistep process. Fi ...
... Clostridium. All clostridial neurotoxins, such as BoNT/A, are di-chain proteins, consisting of a 50-kDa light chain, the catalytic domain, connected by a disulfide bond to a 100-kDa heavy chain, containing the receptor-binding and translocation domains. BoNT/A intoxication is a multistep process. Fi ...
Full Text
... sets are inherently biased. Bias is introduced in the data sets because the biologist’s decision to study a particular system is influenced by the experimental complexity of the system. For example, organismal development has been extensively focused on the fruitfly because it develops in only a few ...
... sets are inherently biased. Bias is introduced in the data sets because the biologist’s decision to study a particular system is influenced by the experimental complexity of the system. For example, organismal development has been extensively focused on the fruitfly because it develops in only a few ...
Balance Between Protein Synthesis and Degradation
... not replaced. In eukaryotes nitrogen balance can be affected by several catabolic conditions, such as disease, starvation, trauma, metabolic acidosis, composition of diet, and stage of growth. Regulation of Protein synthesis Synthesis is regulated by hormones, cytokines, and growth factors while var ...
... not replaced. In eukaryotes nitrogen balance can be affected by several catabolic conditions, such as disease, starvation, trauma, metabolic acidosis, composition of diet, and stage of growth. Regulation of Protein synthesis Synthesis is regulated by hormones, cytokines, and growth factors while var ...
7-2 Science Support Document
... Previous/Future knowledge: In 5th grade (5-2.1), students recalled that the smallest unit of life was the cell and identified its major structures (including cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and vacuole). In 6th grade (6-2.1), students summarized the characteristics that all organisms share (inclu ...
... Previous/Future knowledge: In 5th grade (5-2.1), students recalled that the smallest unit of life was the cell and identified its major structures (including cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and vacuole). In 6th grade (6-2.1), students summarized the characteristics that all organisms share (inclu ...
organ
... female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. Mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn. ...
... female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. Mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn. ...
Response Coefficients
... This gives use the relationship we seek. It can be generalized for multiple external factors acting simultaneously but summing up individual responses: J RX ...
... This gives use the relationship we seek. It can be generalized for multiple external factors acting simultaneously but summing up individual responses: J RX ...
Present
... receptor mediated endocytosis enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway * transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway * vitamin/cofactor transport * vitamin B12 transport inorganic anion transport * anion transport * ...
... receptor mediated endocytosis enzyme linked receptor protein signaling pathway * transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway * vitamin/cofactor transport * vitamin B12 transport inorganic anion transport * anion transport * ...
File
... Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 The reaction occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
... Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 The reaction occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane ...
CellFinder: a cell data repository
... molecules and processes it harbors at a given point in time, it is natural to base cell categorizations on the similarity of measured molecular properties of cells, like the state of the transcriptome, epigenome or proteome. Despite the great aid such a system would offer for distinguishing and anal ...
... molecules and processes it harbors at a given point in time, it is natural to base cell categorizations on the similarity of measured molecular properties of cells, like the state of the transcriptome, epigenome or proteome. Despite the great aid such a system would offer for distinguishing and anal ...
MECHANISMS OF INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION
... DIRECT EFFECTS • CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE OF RECEPTOR MOLECULE CHANGES MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY • ESPECIALLY SODIUM, CHLORIDE AND CALCIUM IONS • ACETYLCHOLINE—a neurotransmitter • SEROTONIN---a hormone and neurotransmitter • GLYCINE—a neurotransmitter • GABA---a neurotransmitter • GROWTH HORMONE---a horm ...
... DIRECT EFFECTS • CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE OF RECEPTOR MOLECULE CHANGES MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY • ESPECIALLY SODIUM, CHLORIDE AND CALCIUM IONS • ACETYLCHOLINE—a neurotransmitter • SEROTONIN---a hormone and neurotransmitter • GLYCINE—a neurotransmitter • GABA---a neurotransmitter • GROWTH HORMONE---a horm ...
Role of metabolism during viral infections, and crosstalk with the
... components, lipoproteins, and cytokines such as IFNγ or TNFα, and a shift into glycolysis would be required for their activation (28) (Table 2). According to Kelly M1 macrophages are implicated in inflammatory cytokine secretion and NO production, that leads to effective pathogen killing. M2 on the ...
... components, lipoproteins, and cytokines such as IFNγ or TNFα, and a shift into glycolysis would be required for their activation (28) (Table 2). According to Kelly M1 macrophages are implicated in inflammatory cytokine secretion and NO production, that leads to effective pathogen killing. M2 on the ...
Poster
... known as integrins, a kind of integral membrane protein, which mediate cell-cell and cell-surface interactions. Integrin αIIbβ3, comprised of two glycoprotein subunits and acting as a transmembrane protein on the surface of platelets, and plays a crucial role in the clotting process by acting as a r ...
... known as integrins, a kind of integral membrane protein, which mediate cell-cell and cell-surface interactions. Integrin αIIbβ3, comprised of two glycoprotein subunits and acting as a transmembrane protein on the surface of platelets, and plays a crucial role in the clotting process by acting as a r ...
Gene Section TNFSF15 (tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 15)
... cycle but induces apoptosis in proliferating endothelial cells. The MAPKs p38 and jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) are required for VEGI-mediated endothelial inhibition. Engineered overexpression of secreted ...
... cycle but induces apoptosis in proliferating endothelial cells. The MAPKs p38 and jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) are required for VEGI-mediated endothelial inhibition. Engineered overexpression of secreted ...
EXAM2
... “You’ll find me in the mitochondria and cytosol. I am not very big, but my function is extensive. I am one of the big four in a major pathway and I have 4 carbons. I play a prominent role in C4 plants. You may say that I catch CO2, but that is wrong. Some consider me the great communicator. I even h ...
... “You’ll find me in the mitochondria and cytosol. I am not very big, but my function is extensive. I am one of the big four in a major pathway and I have 4 carbons. I play a prominent role in C4 plants. You may say that I catch CO2, but that is wrong. Some consider me the great communicator. I even h ...
Document
... 3 Enzymes regulated TCA:1. citrate synthase: inhibited by ATP , NAD, acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA. 2. Isocitrate dehydrogenase: activated by ADP and inhibited by ATP and NADH. 3. alfa-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: inhibited by succinyl CoA and NADH. 4. Availability of ADP ...
... 3 Enzymes regulated TCA:1. citrate synthase: inhibited by ATP , NAD, acetyl CoA and succinyl CoA. 2. Isocitrate dehydrogenase: activated by ADP and inhibited by ATP and NADH. 3. alfa-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: inhibited by succinyl CoA and NADH. 4. Availability of ADP ...
MCB Lecture 7 – Peroxisomes
... Where do peroxisomes originate? o ER and pre-existing peroxisomes Where are the enzymes synthesized (that peroxisomes use)? o Free Ribosomes What type of reactions do they mainly carry out? o Oxidative Reactions What do they generate during Oxidative Reactions? o H2O2 What is the significance of cat ...
... Where do peroxisomes originate? o ER and pre-existing peroxisomes Where are the enzymes synthesized (that peroxisomes use)? o Free Ribosomes What type of reactions do they mainly carry out? o Oxidative Reactions What do they generate during Oxidative Reactions? o H2O2 What is the significance of cat ...
The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division
... the neuromuscular junction. • An action potential at the axon terminal opens voltage-gated calcium channels in the terminal button. Calcium ions diffuse into the terminal button from the ECF. • By this calcium influx, acetylcholine is released by exocytosis from vesicles in the terminal button. • Ac ...
... the neuromuscular junction. • An action potential at the axon terminal opens voltage-gated calcium channels in the terminal button. Calcium ions diffuse into the terminal button from the ECF. • By this calcium influx, acetylcholine is released by exocytosis from vesicles in the terminal button. • Ac ...
GOALS FOR LECTURE 9:
... The enzymes responsible for catalyzing the three steps with very large negative ∆G, hexokinase (or glucokinase) for step 1, phosphofructokinase for step 3, and pyruvate kinase for step 10, are the primary steps for allosteric enzyme regulation. Generally, enzymes that catalyze essentially irreversib ...
... The enzymes responsible for catalyzing the three steps with very large negative ∆G, hexokinase (or glucokinase) for step 1, phosphofructokinase for step 3, and pyruvate kinase for step 10, are the primary steps for allosteric enzyme regulation. Generally, enzymes that catalyze essentially irreversib ...
Review of the reconstruction
... proposed (see Figure 55 in Additional file 6); this degradation leads to the production of acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA and CO2. Two pathways for propionyl-CoA degradation are found in microorganisms. The first leads to succinate with the intermediate production of methyl-citrate and methyl-cis-aconita ...
... proposed (see Figure 55 in Additional file 6); this degradation leads to the production of acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA and CO2. Two pathways for propionyl-CoA degradation are found in microorganisms. The first leads to succinate with the intermediate production of methyl-citrate and methyl-cis-aconita ...