Respiration
... to anaerobic metabolism. In animal cells, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid. In yeast and bacteria, the pyruvate is often converted to ethanol. In both cases, no new ATP is produced, so the net production of the energy-carrying molecule is only the two molecules of ATP produced in glycolysis. ...
... to anaerobic metabolism. In animal cells, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid. In yeast and bacteria, the pyruvate is often converted to ethanol. In both cases, no new ATP is produced, so the net production of the energy-carrying molecule is only the two molecules of ATP produced in glycolysis. ...
Mass-Action Ratios!
... above its "resting" or Keq state, equilibrium can be regained by shifting the reactions to the right (glucose is shipped out, or glycolysis is continued). Similarly, if Glu-1-P builds up, it is too restrictive to simply say the phosphoglucomutase reaction will shift right, when equilibrium can be re ...
... above its "resting" or Keq state, equilibrium can be regained by shifting the reactions to the right (glucose is shipped out, or glycolysis is continued). Similarly, if Glu-1-P builds up, it is too restrictive to simply say the phosphoglucomutase reaction will shift right, when equilibrium can be re ...
Gene Section GRPR (Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... The GRP-R is localized to the normal brain especially the periventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus (Wolf et al., 1983) where activation by BB causes satiety (Gibbs et al., 1979). The GRPR, which regulates insulin secretion, is present in the pancreatic islets (Persson et al., 2002). The GRP ...
... The GRP-R is localized to the normal brain especially the periventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus (Wolf et al., 1983) where activation by BB causes satiety (Gibbs et al., 1979). The GRPR, which regulates insulin secretion, is present in the pancreatic islets (Persson et al., 2002). The GRP ...
Cholesterol, steroids, and related molecules
... These general principles can be used to rationalize two examples of normal tissuespecific hormone synthesis, and one pathological state, congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 alpha hydroxylase deficiency. Cortisol biosynthesis. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone, activating the transcription of ...
... These general principles can be used to rationalize two examples of normal tissuespecific hormone synthesis, and one pathological state, congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 alpha hydroxylase deficiency. Cortisol biosynthesis. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone, activating the transcription of ...
Document
... particular pathway inhibits the first enzyme’s activity in the pathway – Regulate cell’s production of amino acids, vitamins, purines, and pyrimidines – Mechanism stops the cell from wasting chemical resources – Allosteric inhibitors play a role ...
... particular pathway inhibits the first enzyme’s activity in the pathway – Regulate cell’s production of amino acids, vitamins, purines, and pyrimidines – Mechanism stops the cell from wasting chemical resources – Allosteric inhibitors play a role ...
Feb 24 exam all parts
... d) What vitamin is necessary for effective blood clotting _______Vit K__________ (1 mark) e) What special behaviour is associated with this amino acid, and how does it promote activation of prothrombin on negative phospholipid or glass surfaces? (3 marks) ...
... d) What vitamin is necessary for effective blood clotting _______Vit K__________ (1 mark) e) What special behaviour is associated with this amino acid, and how does it promote activation of prothrombin on negative phospholipid or glass surfaces? (3 marks) ...
Investigation of the role of hydrogen peroxide throughout cell cycle
... Requirement of H2O2 molecules for mitotic progression and the molecular mechanism by which increased H2O2 molecules control mitotic progression are poorly understood. Proteins associated with the centrosome play key roles in mitotic progression in mammalian cells. The activity of Cdk1-opposing phosp ...
... Requirement of H2O2 molecules for mitotic progression and the molecular mechanism by which increased H2O2 molecules control mitotic progression are poorly understood. Proteins associated with the centrosome play key roles in mitotic progression in mammalian cells. The activity of Cdk1-opposing phosp ...
Can sugars be produced from fatty acids? A test case for pathway
... malate. This new route enables the conversion of acetate—and therefore fatty acids—to carbohydrates with a stoichiometry of 1 mol of oxaloacetate (OAA) per 2 mol of AcCoA. This discovery reopened the question about the possibility of transforming fatty acids into sugars, though in another perspectiv ...
... malate. This new route enables the conversion of acetate—and therefore fatty acids—to carbohydrates with a stoichiometry of 1 mol of oxaloacetate (OAA) per 2 mol of AcCoA. This discovery reopened the question about the possibility of transforming fatty acids into sugars, though in another perspectiv ...
... amino acids[1, 2, 3]. ACBP was first isolated from rat brain and was named diazepam-binding inhibitor[4]. ACBP is protein able to bind long chain acyl-CoA esters(C14–C22) in a one-to-one binding mode with high specificity and affinity(Kd, 1–10 nM)[5, 6]. ACBP is involved in lipid metabolism, act as ...
MODEL QUESTION PAPER I CLASS XI BIOLOGY (THEORY) Max
... Q10. Which plant hormone exists in gaseous form? State its function. Q11. Justify the statement “Photorespiration is a wasteful process in C-3 plants”. Q12. What is respiratory quotient? What is its value for fats? Q13. Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for(a) Dibetes mellitus (b) Goitre Q14. ...
... Q10. Which plant hormone exists in gaseous form? State its function. Q11. Justify the statement “Photorespiration is a wasteful process in C-3 plants”. Q12. What is respiratory quotient? What is its value for fats? Q13. Which hormonal deficiency is responsible for(a) Dibetes mellitus (b) Goitre Q14. ...
Olanzapine Activates Hepatic Mammalian Target of Rapamycin
... effects in cultured HepG2 cells, as determined by Seahorse analysis. Metabolomic analysis indicated that OLZ increased hepatic concentrations of amino acids that can alter metabolism via the mTOR pathway; indeed, hepatic mTOR signaling was robustly increased by OLZ. Interestingly, OLZ concomitantly ...
... effects in cultured HepG2 cells, as determined by Seahorse analysis. Metabolomic analysis indicated that OLZ increased hepatic concentrations of amino acids that can alter metabolism via the mTOR pathway; indeed, hepatic mTOR signaling was robustly increased by OLZ. Interestingly, OLZ concomitantly ...
pentose phosphate pathway
... Stimulates glycogen breakdown & inhibits glycogenesis. Glucagon and epinephrine both stimulate intracellular pathway via increasing levels of cAMP. ...
... Stimulates glycogen breakdown & inhibits glycogenesis. Glucagon and epinephrine both stimulate intracellular pathway via increasing levels of cAMP. ...
Special Senses
... intensified the smell, because more air is forced to the top of the cavity, stimulating the receptors. 2. The receptor cells have hairs on them (similar to equilibrium and hearing). They are bathed in a thick layer of mucus. As the olfactory chemicals diffuse through the mucus, they stimulate the re ...
... intensified the smell, because more air is forced to the top of the cavity, stimulating the receptors. 2. The receptor cells have hairs on them (similar to equilibrium and hearing). They are bathed in a thick layer of mucus. As the olfactory chemicals diffuse through the mucus, they stimulate the re ...
Enzymes
... • Cooperativity is a form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity • In cooperativity, binding by a substrate to one active site stabilizes favorable conformational changes at all ...
... • Cooperativity is a form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity • In cooperativity, binding by a substrate to one active site stabilizes favorable conformational changes at all ...
Oxidative stress
... ROS involved in stroke • Stroke is a severe and prevalent syndrome for which there is a great need for treatment, including agents to block the cascade of brain injury that occurs in the hours after the onset of ischemia. ROS have been implicated in this destructive process • EUK-134, a newly repor ...
... ROS involved in stroke • Stroke is a severe and prevalent syndrome for which there is a great need for treatment, including agents to block the cascade of brain injury that occurs in the hours after the onset of ischemia. ROS have been implicated in this destructive process • EUK-134, a newly repor ...
1 NORMAL and ABNORMAL CELLULAR FUNCTION Lois E
... - Channels are specific to ion; vary in number kind or type pending cell - Some channels are regulated - “open” or “closed” to specific ions - “Carrier molecules” - transport materials unable to transverse on their own - Bind with specific molecules - hormones or neurotransmitter - Orchestrate signa ...
... - Channels are specific to ion; vary in number kind or type pending cell - Some channels are regulated - “open” or “closed” to specific ions - “Carrier molecules” - transport materials unable to transverse on their own - Bind with specific molecules - hormones or neurotransmitter - Orchestrate signa ...
Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life
... Chemiosmosis Play Important Roles in Biological Energy Metabolism • 6.2 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Presence of Oxygen Releases a Large Amount of Energy • 6.3 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Absence of Oxygen Releases a Small Amount of Energy ...
... Chemiosmosis Play Important Roles in Biological Energy Metabolism • 6.2 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Presence of Oxygen Releases a Large Amount of Energy • 6.3 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Absence of Oxygen Releases a Small Amount of Energy ...
Differential protein profile in sexed bovine semen: shotgun
... leads to low pregnancy rates when cryopreserved sexed spermatozoa are employed for the artificial insemination of cows.6 DNA staining methods and UV irradiation also damage spermatozoa and reduce the embryonic viability.7 Although lower pregnancy rates or embryo production using sexed sperm by flow ...
... leads to low pregnancy rates when cryopreserved sexed spermatozoa are employed for the artificial insemination of cows.6 DNA staining methods and UV irradiation also damage spermatozoa and reduce the embryonic viability.7 Although lower pregnancy rates or embryo production using sexed sperm by flow ...
involvement of protein tyrosine phosphorylation of human sperm in
... factor/cytokines which include:interleukin-2 (IL-2) (31,32,34), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (35,36), interleukin-8 (IL-8) (33), colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) (30), interferon-γ (IFN-γ ) (35), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (34), epidermal growth factor (EGF) (37), thymosin α1 (Tα1) (9), thymosin ß4 ...
... factor/cytokines which include:interleukin-2 (IL-2) (31,32,34), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (35,36), interleukin-8 (IL-8) (33), colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) (30), interferon-γ (IFN-γ ) (35), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (34), epidermal growth factor (EGF) (37), thymosin α1 (Tα1) (9), thymosin ß4 ...
Profiling Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activity with Corning® Epic
... key regulator of development and growth in cells. As abnormal EGFR activity can result in oncogenic proliferation, EGFR and RTK family members have emerged as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets (1,2). RTK ligand binding leads to activation of receptor kinase activity and subsequent autophosph ...
... key regulator of development and growth in cells. As abnormal EGFR activity can result in oncogenic proliferation, EGFR and RTK family members have emerged as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets (1,2). RTK ligand binding leads to activation of receptor kinase activity and subsequent autophosph ...
