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Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC
Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC

... CityLab’s SummerLab 4 IV. Rinse the Column with Wash Buffer The wash buffer has a salt concentration that is lower than the binding buffer. It will wash away the weak hydrophobic proteins. GFP is a strong hydrophobic protein. Notebook Entry: Predict whether GFP will be washed off the beads by the w ...
Poly-acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) PAGE is based upon
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... • a rarely used technique, although it can be informative. • proteins are not denatured as in SDSPAGE. • one can perform enzymatic assays on bands in gel as we shall do in this class. • “primarily” separates based on mass of proteins, assuming low pI. • is possible to get some idea of subunit compos ...
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... needed. Such operons and their genes are inducible (repressible/inducible) Regulatory non-coding regions of bacterial genes 8. A non-coding DNA sequence known as the operator separates the promoter regions from the transcription initiation site of the “operon”. This region acts as the binding site o ...
Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate ACS Reagent Product Number
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... 6. Dihazi, H., et al., One-step purification of recombinant yeast 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase after the identification of contaminants by MALDI-TOF MS. Protein Expr. Purif., 21(1), 201-209 (2001). 7. Fernandes, S., et al., Affinity extraction of dye- and metal ion-binding proteins in polyvinylpyrrolido ...
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... structures. SW1 and SW2 assignments have five secondary structure fractions with PI[assignments from this work. SW 1 includes isolated PI[residues in the PII fraction. SW2 does not include isolated PI[residues in the PI[fraction. found between the fractions of a-helix and PII(-0.533, Table 1). Among ...
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Biochemical Processes
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Protein Denaturation Studies Using the Pyris 6 DSC
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... dilute protein solutions. The analysis of protein is enhanced with the use of the special, large volume stainless steel capsules. The Pyris 6 DSC offers the pharmaceutical or drug discovery research scientist with the ability to handle both solids or frozen solutions, in addition to liquid solutions ...
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... factors involved in various physiologial processes in plants, including pathogen defence. WRKY transciption factors have been shown to act as both negative and positive regulators of defence, suggesting that they may operate through different regulatory complexes. The different roles can be partly d ...
Protein Motif Analysis
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... If they are conserved across taxa, these conserved domains can be identified by amino acid sequence similarity. In the output of a BLAST search at NCBI, you will see reference to conserved domains if one or more such domains are identified. ...
Recombinant polypeptide production inE. coli: towards a rational
Recombinant polypeptide production inE. coli: towards a rational

... successively optimized but still remains cumbersome due to the necessity of comparing several different chaperone combinations [7] (Figure 1). As an alternative, strains that could improve the production of a single target protein or a group of structurally similar proteins were generated by random ...
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... Concept 7.2: Membrane structure results in selective permeability • A cell must exchange materials with its surroundings, a process that controlled by the plasma membrane • Plasma membranes are selectively permeable, regulating the cell’s molecular traffic. They let some things through and they hol ...
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

... life. Indeed, the methods developed to sustain the growth of a bacterium on a minimal diet preceded the widespread availability of the enriched reagents by some twenty years. A more recent development in the application of NMR to structural biology is the study of both RNA and DNA in solution (Figur ...
Mini-Review Roles of Molecular Chaperones in Protein Degradation
Mini-Review Roles of Molecular Chaperones in Protein Degradation

... (16). The increased proteolysis is not simply due to effects of stress on the structure of substrate proteins; instead, molecular chaperones and proteases produced during stress are required (1, 7, 13). Bacterial proteases known to be induced by stress include two ATP-dependent proteases, La and Clp ...
Techniques of Protein and Nucleic Acid Purification
Techniques of Protein and Nucleic Acid Purification

... molecules (ligands) non-covalently Attaching (covalently) the ligand to a matrix allows protein purification by specific binding Only the desired protein(s) in an impure mixture will bind to the matrix Protein can be eluted in pure form by altering conditions, e.g. by adding large amount of free lig ...
Protein Purification
Protein Purification

... (Ve/Vo) (except for highly asymmetric proteins) Elution volume Ve: Volume to elute protein after it first contacted column Void volume Vo: volume of solvent within column, i.e. total column volume minus volume of stationary phase ...
Document
Document

... Protein domains can be defined based on: • Geometry: group of residues with the high contact density, number of contacts within domains is higher than the number of contacts between domains. - chain continuous domains - chain discontinous domains • Kinetics: domain as an independently folding unit. ...
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Cyclol



The cyclol hypothesis is the first structural model of a folded, globular protein. It was developed by Dorothy Wrinch in the late 1930s, and was based on three assumptions. Firstly, the hypothesis assumes that two peptide groups can be crosslinked by a cyclol reaction (Figure 1); these crosslinks are covalent analogs of non-covalent hydrogen bonds between peptide groups. These reactions have been observed in the ergopeptides and other compounds. Secondly, it assumes that, under some conditions, amino acids will naturally make the maximum possible number of cyclol crosslinks, resulting in cyclol molecules (Figure 2) and cyclol fabrics (Figure 3). These cyclol molecules and fabrics have never been observed. Finally, the hypothesis assumes that globular proteins have a tertiary structure corresponding to Platonic solids and semiregular polyhedra formed of cyclol fabrics with no free edges. Such ""closed cyclol"" molecules have not been observed either.Although later data demonstrated that this original model for the structure of globular proteins needed to be amended, several elements of the cyclol model were verified, such as the cyclol reaction itself and the hypothesis that hydrophobic interactions are chiefly responsible for protein folding. The cyclol hypothesis stimulated many scientists to research questions in protein structure and chemistry, and was a precursor of the more accurate models hypothesized for the DNA double helix and protein secondary structure. The proposal and testing of the cyclol model also provides an excellent illustration of empirical falsifiability acting as part of the scientific method.
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