How Do Plant Mitochondria Avoid Importing Chloroplast Proteins
... that has evolved to overcome a fundamental problem. In eukaryotic cells, the reaction steps of metabolic pathways are compartmentalized by internal membranes so that distinct enzyme activities have to be sent to each cellular compartment. The targeting of these enzymes occurs before they are assembl ...
... that has evolved to overcome a fundamental problem. In eukaryotic cells, the reaction steps of metabolic pathways are compartmentalized by internal membranes so that distinct enzyme activities have to be sent to each cellular compartment. The targeting of these enzymes occurs before they are assembl ...
The K-Segment of Maize DHN1 Mediates Binding
... accumulate in the late stages of seed development and in vegetative tissues subjected to water deficit, salinity, low temperature, or abscisic acid treatment. We demonstrated previously that maize (Zea mays) DHNs bind preferentially to anionic phospholipid vesicles; this binding is accompanied by an ...
... accumulate in the late stages of seed development and in vegetative tissues subjected to water deficit, salinity, low temperature, or abscisic acid treatment. We demonstrated previously that maize (Zea mays) DHNs bind preferentially to anionic phospholipid vesicles; this binding is accompanied by an ...
Research Article Identification and Characterization of Cell Wall
... to cell-cell recognition. The cell wall of dinoflagellates is a subcellular component of substantial interest with regard to various aspects of cell surface associated ecophysiology. However, there are few experimental data available for the cell wall of dinoflagellates compared with other organisms ...
... to cell-cell recognition. The cell wall of dinoflagellates is a subcellular component of substantial interest with regard to various aspects of cell surface associated ecophysiology. However, there are few experimental data available for the cell wall of dinoflagellates compared with other organisms ...
1 Supplementary Model Description
... contractility in both smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells [11-13]. MLC phosphorylation is regulated by the balance of two enzymatic activities, i.e., Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and myosin phosphatase (MYCP). MLCK is regulated by Ca2+ /calmodulin and is believed to be a major kinase in both smoot ...
... contractility in both smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells [11-13]. MLC phosphorylation is regulated by the balance of two enzymatic activities, i.e., Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and myosin phosphatase (MYCP). MLCK is regulated by Ca2+ /calmodulin and is believed to be a major kinase in both smoot ...
Appendix
... The thermodynamics of PEG-salt systems have been studied quite extensively (Willauer et al., 2002). These systems tend to phase separate due to the strong "negative" interactions between the salts and the polyethylene glycol, with the salt concentration in the PEG phase as much as seven times smalle ...
... The thermodynamics of PEG-salt systems have been studied quite extensively (Willauer et al., 2002). These systems tend to phase separate due to the strong "negative" interactions between the salts and the polyethylene glycol, with the salt concentration in the PEG phase as much as seven times smalle ...
Dissociation of a Diatomic Gas
... Let us consider the following simple model for a diatomic gas: a diatomic molecule consists of a pair of point-like atoms, each of mass m, separated by a rigid rod of length a. The rigid rod corresponds to the chemical bond, which requires an energy to break. Now, at any finite temperature T , we ...
... Let us consider the following simple model for a diatomic gas: a diatomic molecule consists of a pair of point-like atoms, each of mass m, separated by a rigid rod of length a. The rigid rod corresponds to the chemical bond, which requires an energy to break. Now, at any finite temperature T , we ...
Introduction to Proteins II
... a. The exact sequence of amino acids is unique for each protein. Protein Structure [S24] a. Is all the information necessary for a protein to fold just based on that primary sequence? The native structure in how a protein folds – is it based completely on that primary sequence? The answer is yes. b. ...
... a. The exact sequence of amino acids is unique for each protein. Protein Structure [S24] a. Is all the information necessary for a protein to fold just based on that primary sequence? The native structure in how a protein folds – is it based completely on that primary sequence? The answer is yes. b. ...
A1982NF37500001
... impurities from serum albumin; namely, treatment with activated charcoal at low pH. Physical tests showed that the method did not denature the protein. [The SCI® indicates that this paper has been cited over 1,070 times since 1967.] ...
... impurities from serum albumin; namely, treatment with activated charcoal at low pH. Physical tests showed that the method did not denature the protein. [The SCI® indicates that this paper has been cited over 1,070 times since 1967.] ...
Document
... determine the presence of these substances, scientists use chemicals called indicators which react with the compound to produce a color change. The change is a result of the chemical reactions between the indicator and the specific molecular arrangement (structure) of the compound being tested. In t ...
... determine the presence of these substances, scientists use chemicals called indicators which react with the compound to produce a color change. The change is a result of the chemical reactions between the indicator and the specific molecular arrangement (structure) of the compound being tested. In t ...
Facts and Fallacies
... • Better conduct de novo on all spectra. – De novo not slow, and computing is cheap. – De novo provides independent validation for DB result. # consensus AA (de novo vs. DB search) ...
... • Better conduct de novo on all spectra. – De novo not slow, and computing is cheap. – De novo provides independent validation for DB result. # consensus AA (de novo vs. DB search) ...
Bioch-301.NMR.2 - Vanderbilt Center for Structural Biology
... Proteins Have Too Many Signals! 1H ...
... Proteins Have Too Many Signals! 1H ...
Electrophoresis Western blotting
... ordinary SDS-PAGE. • 2D PAGE provides the highest resolution for protein analysis and is an important technique in proteomic research, where resolution of thousands of proteins on a single gel is sometimes necessary ...
... ordinary SDS-PAGE. • 2D PAGE provides the highest resolution for protein analysis and is an important technique in proteomic research, where resolution of thousands of proteins on a single gel is sometimes necessary ...
part 1
... • Tricky to identify “equivalent residues” in the beginning • Usually means that a sequence alignment is done first • Aligned residues are considered “equivalent” • Means the method is only useful for sequences that can be aligned by sequence comparison • Several solutions suggested, but may give st ...
... • Tricky to identify “equivalent residues” in the beginning • Usually means that a sequence alignment is done first • Aligned residues are considered “equivalent” • Means the method is only useful for sequences that can be aligned by sequence comparison • Several solutions suggested, but may give st ...
Lecture 25
... Various important cell processes such as ligand-receptor reaction, hormonal activity, enzymatic catalysis, DNA replication, respiration, growth etc. occur because of the indispensible protein-protein interactions. To understand cellular processes, studying the protein-protein interactions is most im ...
... Various important cell processes such as ligand-receptor reaction, hormonal activity, enzymatic catalysis, DNA replication, respiration, growth etc. occur because of the indispensible protein-protein interactions. To understand cellular processes, studying the protein-protein interactions is most im ...
(Figure 1.3) (Figure 1.6)
... Negative potential is colored in red and positive potential in blue. The residues contributing to the surface charge are indicated on the surface. (B) Surface accessible residues that are conserved (defined in Figure 3.1) are colored with blue onto the structure of p140 (375-480). N440 is not a cons ...
... Negative potential is colored in red and positive potential in blue. The residues contributing to the surface charge are indicated on the surface. (B) Surface accessible residues that are conserved (defined in Figure 3.1) are colored with blue onto the structure of p140 (375-480). N440 is not a cons ...
Poster
... 2006; Wang et al., 2009). The RIIa dimer is complexed with the amphipathic helix (AH) from an AKAP (C), and a possible interaction between AH and DPY-30 is shown (D). The AH from the RIIa-AH complex is isolated in view G. The structural feature of the DPY-30-domain-binding peptide remains unknown. I ...
... 2006; Wang et al., 2009). The RIIa dimer is complexed with the amphipathic helix (AH) from an AKAP (C), and a possible interaction between AH and DPY-30 is shown (D). The AH from the RIIa-AH complex is isolated in view G. The structural feature of the DPY-30-domain-binding peptide remains unknown. I ...
Fugacity model
... Descriptor calculation can be made using the software Dragon (Talete srl, Italy). Dragon requires a 3-D structure as input. Often, quantum or molecular mechanics software is used for 3D optimization of chemical structures. However, such software is often expensive and optimization can be very time c ...
... Descriptor calculation can be made using the software Dragon (Talete srl, Italy). Dragon requires a 3-D structure as input. Often, quantum or molecular mechanics software is used for 3D optimization of chemical structures. However, such software is often expensive and optimization can be very time c ...
keratin - trefzclasses
... cells because the protein is mostly formed by dead cells which body sheds as new cells pushes up underneath it ...
... cells because the protein is mostly formed by dead cells which body sheds as new cells pushes up underneath it ...
Solubilization of Membrane Proteins into Functional Lipid‐Bilayer
... the rim of the nanodiscs. In sharp contrast with the situation encountered in SMALPs, the transition temperature was not downshifted upon solubilization by moderate DIBMA concentrations (Figure 3 d). This suggests much less perturbation of lipid packing by DIBMA compared with SMA(3:1), the stronger ...
... the rim of the nanodiscs. In sharp contrast with the situation encountered in SMALPs, the transition temperature was not downshifted upon solubilization by moderate DIBMA concentrations (Figure 3 d). This suggests much less perturbation of lipid packing by DIBMA compared with SMA(3:1), the stronger ...
Cyclol
The cyclol hypothesis is the first structural model of a folded, globular protein. It was developed by Dorothy Wrinch in the late 1930s, and was based on three assumptions. Firstly, the hypothesis assumes that two peptide groups can be crosslinked by a cyclol reaction (Figure 1); these crosslinks are covalent analogs of non-covalent hydrogen bonds between peptide groups. These reactions have been observed in the ergopeptides and other compounds. Secondly, it assumes that, under some conditions, amino acids will naturally make the maximum possible number of cyclol crosslinks, resulting in cyclol molecules (Figure 2) and cyclol fabrics (Figure 3). These cyclol molecules and fabrics have never been observed. Finally, the hypothesis assumes that globular proteins have a tertiary structure corresponding to Platonic solids and semiregular polyhedra formed of cyclol fabrics with no free edges. Such ""closed cyclol"" molecules have not been observed either.Although later data demonstrated that this original model for the structure of globular proteins needed to be amended, several elements of the cyclol model were verified, such as the cyclol reaction itself and the hypothesis that hydrophobic interactions are chiefly responsible for protein folding. The cyclol hypothesis stimulated many scientists to research questions in protein structure and chemistry, and was a precursor of the more accurate models hypothesized for the DNA double helix and protein secondary structure. The proposal and testing of the cyclol model also provides an excellent illustration of empirical falsifiability acting as part of the scientific method.