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Biomolecules
... • DNA consists of 2 complementary chains twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. DNA is a stable molecule which can survive thousands of years under proper conditions – The DNA bases pair with each other: A with T, and G with C. ...
... • DNA consists of 2 complementary chains twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. DNA is a stable molecule which can survive thousands of years under proper conditions – The DNA bases pair with each other: A with T, and G with C. ...
Amino Acids
... • DNA consists of 2 complementary chains twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. DNA is a stable molecule which can survive thousands of years under proper conditions – The DNA bases pair with each other: A with T, and G with C. ...
... • DNA consists of 2 complementary chains twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. DNA is a stable molecule which can survive thousands of years under proper conditions – The DNA bases pair with each other: A with T, and G with C. ...
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
... • TMV: the first virus to be discovered • Late 19th Century: Researchers found out that a tiny infectious agent was the cause of a disease that was killing tobacco plants. • Wendell Stanley coaxed the virus to form crystals and found out that it was mainly composed of proteins. • RNA (Ribonucleic ac ...
... • TMV: the first virus to be discovered • Late 19th Century: Researchers found out that a tiny infectious agent was the cause of a disease that was killing tobacco plants. • Wendell Stanley coaxed the virus to form crystals and found out that it was mainly composed of proteins. • RNA (Ribonucleic ac ...
BIOL Unit 4 - Biomolecules
... Steroids are lipids and serve as chemical messengers. Lipids can be saturated, unsaturated or polyunsaturated. ...
... Steroids are lipids and serve as chemical messengers. Lipids can be saturated, unsaturated or polyunsaturated. ...
Chapter 7 - Madeira City Schools
... A “pump” that is powered by ATP builds up a concentration gradient that is then used by another carrier protein to transport something else. The energy for the second transport is from the flow of the first substance down its concentration gradient. ...
... A “pump” that is powered by ATP builds up a concentration gradient that is then used by another carrier protein to transport something else. The energy for the second transport is from the flow of the first substance down its concentration gradient. ...
DNA-RNA-Protein Synthesis
... 4 blue tubes (cytosine) 4 yellow tubes (guanine) 5 green tubes (thymine) 5 orange tubes (adenine) 20 white tubes (phosphates) 9 white rods (hydrogen bonds) 18 black pentagons (deoxyribose sugar) 5 lavender tubes (uracil) 9 purple pentagons (ribose sugar) 1 large purple ribosome 3 grey tubes (peptide ...
... 4 blue tubes (cytosine) 4 yellow tubes (guanine) 5 green tubes (thymine) 5 orange tubes (adenine) 20 white tubes (phosphates) 9 white rods (hydrogen bonds) 18 black pentagons (deoxyribose sugar) 5 lavender tubes (uracil) 9 purple pentagons (ribose sugar) 1 large purple ribosome 3 grey tubes (peptide ...
Topic 2: Molecular biology (21 hours)
... • Only one saturated fat is expected and its specific name is not necessary. • The variable radical of amino acids can be shown as R. The structure of individual R-groups does not need to be memorized. • Students should be able to recognize from molecular diagrams that triglycerides, phospholipids a ...
... • Only one saturated fat is expected and its specific name is not necessary. • The variable radical of amino acids can be shown as R. The structure of individual R-groups does not need to be memorized. • Students should be able to recognize from molecular diagrams that triglycerides, phospholipids a ...
understanding bacterial iron transport
... membrane proteins. The crystal structures of three members of this class of porin-like proteins, FhuA, FecA and FepA from E. coli, have recently been determined, [1] and the related structure of the Vitamin B12 transporter BtuB is about to emerge. These bacterial transporters formed from a 22strande ...
... membrane proteins. The crystal structures of three members of this class of porin-like proteins, FhuA, FecA and FepA from E. coli, have recently been determined, [1] and the related structure of the Vitamin B12 transporter BtuB is about to emerge. These bacterial transporters formed from a 22strande ...
unit 1 - introduction to biology
... 5. Living things _grow and develop_______. Development describes _physical changes __ that take place during the _lifetime___ of an organism. 6. Living things are based on a _universal genetic code______ - _DNA___. 7. Living things _reproduce__. If this did not occur, _species would die out____ 8. A ...
... 5. Living things _grow and develop_______. Development describes _physical changes __ that take place during the _lifetime___ of an organism. 6. Living things are based on a _universal genetic code______ - _DNA___. 7. Living things _reproduce__. If this did not occur, _species would die out____ 8. A ...
* 1. Overview of the Microbial World 8/30/2016
... • conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into “bio-available” ammonia and nitrate compounds • makes nitrogen available for plants and, indirectly, all other organisms (necessary for proteins, etc) ...
... • conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into “bio-available” ammonia and nitrate compounds • makes nitrogen available for plants and, indirectly, all other organisms (necessary for proteins, etc) ...
Representation of and Reasoning with signal networks
... – DAP3 protein functions as an adaptor or a scaffold to recruit an assembly of proteins to cell receptors known as the Death Receptor 4/5 (DR4/5). ...
... – DAP3 protein functions as an adaptor or a scaffold to recruit an assembly of proteins to cell receptors known as the Death Receptor 4/5 (DR4/5). ...
3 - Food Nutrition
... • Primary Structure of proteins is the sequence of amino acids.Twenty-two amino acids are used in the chain structure of proteins. Amino acids can be linear or ring molecules but all contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. • Secondary Structure is the folding of the long thin chains of ...
... • Primary Structure of proteins is the sequence of amino acids.Twenty-two amino acids are used in the chain structure of proteins. Amino acids can be linear or ring molecules but all contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. • Secondary Structure is the folding of the long thin chains of ...
From the Cradle to the grave: molecular chaperones that may
... From the Cradle to the grave: molecular chaperones that may choose between folding and degradation By: Erica Zakhem ...
... From the Cradle to the grave: molecular chaperones that may choose between folding and degradation By: Erica Zakhem ...
Biomolecules carbonylation in oxidative stress related human
... neurodegeneration, are characterized by elevated levels of oxidatively modified biomolecules (protein, lipids and DNA). Oxidation of biomolecules results in numerous functional dysfunctions associated with disease progression. One of the most abundant and hazardous class of modifications are reactiv ...
... neurodegeneration, are characterized by elevated levels of oxidatively modified biomolecules (protein, lipids and DNA). Oxidation of biomolecules results in numerous functional dysfunctions associated with disease progression. One of the most abundant and hazardous class of modifications are reactiv ...
Chapter 3 Molecules
... e. contractile proteins found within muscle cells, f. structural proteins, such as collagen, which form the long, strong fibers of connective tissues, and g. storage proteins, which serve as a source of amino acids for developing embryos in eggs and seeds. 5. The functions of different types of prot ...
... e. contractile proteins found within muscle cells, f. structural proteins, such as collagen, which form the long, strong fibers of connective tissues, and g. storage proteins, which serve as a source of amino acids for developing embryos in eggs and seeds. 5. The functions of different types of prot ...
Proteomics - University of Warwick
... An Organism is typically an individual life form composed of interdependent parts (organs). The organs have specific functions and they are composed by cells. A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organ and is microscopic. Proteins do most of the work in cells and are required ...
... An Organism is typically an individual life form composed of interdependent parts (organs). The organs have specific functions and they are composed by cells. A cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organ and is microscopic. Proteins do most of the work in cells and are required ...
No Slide Title
... • Separate SP proteins into different sub-cellular classes based on annotation • In each class, extract all unique keywords for each sequence • The total # of keywords in all classes is equal to the feature space (N) • Generate a binary vector for each sequence in each class where the length of the ...
... • Separate SP proteins into different sub-cellular classes based on annotation • In each class, extract all unique keywords for each sequence • The total # of keywords in all classes is equal to the feature space (N) • Generate a binary vector for each sequence in each class where the length of the ...
Glossary
... Patterns of perturbation of the atomic coordinates for which the molecule will behave like a simple spring (with linear restoring force) in response. A protein’s normal modes with the lowest frequency of oscillation can be identified, and tend to be similar to frequently observed patterns of large c ...
... Patterns of perturbation of the atomic coordinates for which the molecule will behave like a simple spring (with linear restoring force) in response. A protein’s normal modes with the lowest frequency of oscillation can be identified, and tend to be similar to frequently observed patterns of large c ...
EO4 tsw4
... from an atmosphere loaded with water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen, as was shown in the famous Miller-Urey experiment reported in 1953, suggesting that lightning might have helped create the key building blocks of life on Earth in its early days. Over millions of years, larger and more complex mole ...
... from an atmosphere loaded with water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen, as was shown in the famous Miller-Urey experiment reported in 1953, suggesting that lightning might have helped create the key building blocks of life on Earth in its early days. Over millions of years, larger and more complex mole ...
Cyclol
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cyclol_reaction.png?width=300)
The cyclol hypothesis is the first structural model of a folded, globular protein. It was developed by Dorothy Wrinch in the late 1930s, and was based on three assumptions. Firstly, the hypothesis assumes that two peptide groups can be crosslinked by a cyclol reaction (Figure 1); these crosslinks are covalent analogs of non-covalent hydrogen bonds between peptide groups. These reactions have been observed in the ergopeptides and other compounds. Secondly, it assumes that, under some conditions, amino acids will naturally make the maximum possible number of cyclol crosslinks, resulting in cyclol molecules (Figure 2) and cyclol fabrics (Figure 3). These cyclol molecules and fabrics have never been observed. Finally, the hypothesis assumes that globular proteins have a tertiary structure corresponding to Platonic solids and semiregular polyhedra formed of cyclol fabrics with no free edges. Such ""closed cyclol"" molecules have not been observed either.Although later data demonstrated that this original model for the structure of globular proteins needed to be amended, several elements of the cyclol model were verified, such as the cyclol reaction itself and the hypothesis that hydrophobic interactions are chiefly responsible for protein folding. The cyclol hypothesis stimulated many scientists to research questions in protein structure and chemistry, and was a precursor of the more accurate models hypothesized for the DNA double helix and protein secondary structure. The proposal and testing of the cyclol model also provides an excellent illustration of empirical falsifiability acting as part of the scientific method.