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SBRT: AAPM Task Group 101 Report
SBRT: AAPM Task Group 101 Report

... Major Topics Covered in TG101: 1. History and Rationale for SBRT 2. Current status of SBRT patient selection criteria 3. Simulation Imaging and Treatment Planning 4. Patient Positioning, Immobilization, Target localization, and Delivery 5. Special Dosimetry Considerations 6. Clinical Implementation ...
الشريحة 1
الشريحة 1

... distinguish pathologic tissue (such as a brain tumor) from normal tissue .  While CT provides good spatial resolution (the ability to distinguish two structures an arbitrarily small distance from each other as separate),  MRI provides comparable resolution with far better contrast resolution (the ...
An algorithm for stereotactic localization by computed tomography or
An algorithm for stereotactic localization by computed tomography or

... more desirable method is to develop robust algorithms that can deal with both rotations and translations. Three such algorithms have been proposed for a frame with N-shaped localization rods (Brown et al 1980, Saw et al 1987, Grunert and Maurer 1995), and one such algorithm has been proposed for tar ...
Near-Infrared Resonant Nanoshells for Combined
Near-Infrared Resonant Nanoshells for Combined

... vasculature. The significant accumulation of particles within the tumor tissue dramatically increased the NIR scattering within the tumor, enhancing the OCT contrast. To grow tumors in mice, colon carcinoma cells were cultured and then injected subcutaneously in mice. Murine colon carcinoma cells (C ...
CBCT: sebuah tinjauan teknik pencitraan moderen
CBCT: sebuah tinjauan teknik pencitraan moderen

... shortcomings of 2-D imaging, produces a smaller radiation dose than that produced by medical CT and enables clinicians to make more accurate treatment planning decisions, which can lead to more successful surgical procedures. Questions that cannot be answered in the dentist’s office with conventiona ...
APTC*s Price and Performances
APTC*s Price and Performances

... contracted, and hence whether it can be realized. The permit system comes with conditions and requirements, making the challenges and the requirements for proton therapy centers in the Netherlands unique in the world. In the Dutch system, for most of the eligible patients, a proton treatment plan ne ...
EFFICIENT QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS IN RADIOLOGY
EFFICIENT QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAMS IN RADIOLOGY

... in identifying deficiencies in the imaging equipment. However, until significant positive correlations can be established between physical and clinical image quality, optimisation should preferably be performed on images of patients or realistic anthropomorphic phantoms. A strategy for selecting the ...
ACR Practice Parameter For The Performance Of
ACR Practice Parameter For The Performance Of

... hysterosonography, computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) will result in the selection of the most appropriate test. In each case, the expected gain in information from the diagnostic study should outweigh any potential risk to the patient. Additional diagno ...
Radiology Rounds - August 2011
Radiology Rounds - August 2011

... with 8 cm of extra-peritoneal fat, only 6% of the original beam intensity enters the peritoneal cavity (Figure 1). To some extent, this problem can be addressed by using lower frequencies. For example, if a 2 MHz transducer is used (the lowest frequency available at MGH), 50% of the beam intensity i ...
Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT): practical
Image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT): practical

... quality of image definition; a possible disadvantage could be represented by the minimum setup errors in the passage of the treatment couch from the imaging to the treatment position. Ultrasound images ...
lung cancer imaging in 2012 - Journal of the Belgian Society of
lung cancer imaging in 2012 - Journal of the Belgian Society of

... tumor­), MR further improves lung cancer work-up thanks to functional exploration using MR spectroscopy, perfusion and diffusion-weighted images (DWI) (11, 12). The future will let us know if PETCT and MR are complementary or competitive techniques for whole-body imaging in lung cancer. Refinements ...
ARRT Radiography Task Inventory
ARRT Radiography Task Inventory

... The purpose of the clinical requirements is to verify that candidates have completed fundamental clinical procedures in radiography. Successful performance of these fundamental procedures, in combination with mastery of the cognitive knowledge and skills covered by the radiography examination, provi ...
Descarge la noticia
Descarge la noticia

... We have found that it is extremely useful in discussing the biologic risk of CT examinations to refer to relative risks for which the patients may be more familiar (Fig. 2). For example, the overall probability of dying from cancer is 23%. Using an estimated dose of 10 mSv for an abdominopelvic CT s ...
Pediatric Doses
Pediatric Doses

... root of dose ...
Use of Post-Exposure Shuttering in Radiography
Use of Post-Exposure Shuttering in Radiography

... It is the position of the American Society of Radiologic Technologists that a digital image should not be cropped or masked such that it eliminates areas of exposure from the image that are presented for interpretation. Pre-exposure collimation of the x-ray beam is necessary to comply with the princ ...
Radiation Safety in the Cath Lab
Radiation Safety in the Cath Lab

... Principal source of exposure to the patient and staff.  The amount of scattered radiation (Compton interactions within the patient) is directly related to the primary dose.  Produced when the beam interacts with the patient.  This constitutes noise and reduces image quality.  Increases with fiel ...
Image Guided Radiation Therapy Guidelines: ATC QA
Image Guided Radiation Therapy Guidelines: ATC QA

... The use of image guidance to more accurately position treatment fields is a major component of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) as a special procedure radiation therapy treatment. The significant improvement in the accuracy of this new targeting approach was obtained through a QA procedure called the ...
Application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging to
Application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging to

... artefacts, distortion etc. ...
the First Positron Emission tomography–Magnetic Resonance
the First Positron Emission tomography–Magnetic Resonance

... frontal cerebral metastasis with mass effect and midline shift. Routine whole-body PET-CT usually starts from the skull base downwards, whereas PET-MRI enables scanning of the whole brain using high-quality T1- and T2-weighted images to detect cerebral lesions. ...
Overview of Focused Ultrasound (aka `all the fuss over FUS)
Overview of Focused Ultrasound (aka `all the fuss over FUS)

... 67yr old patient with a 2cm HCC primary lesion in segment 5. The liver because it was so large pushed segment 5 well below the ribs providing a reasonable treatment position. Although not an ideal first position, because of some anaesthesia issues due to patient chest problems, it was decided to lea ...
Design of a Proton Computed Tomography System for Applications
Design of a Proton Computed Tomography System for Applications

... To determine the most likely proton path, entry and exit points as well as directions must be measured with a spatial accuracy better than the image pixel size (1 mm × 1 mm). This requires pairs of 2D position-sensitive tracking systems on both sides of the patient. In order to keep the scanning tim ...
CT2 - hullrad Radiation Physics
CT2 - hullrad Radiation Physics

... • Contrast given to enhance the visibility of certain structures (i.e. increase the CNR) – Should be given with caution or avoided altogether in patients with poor kidney function – eGFR 30 – 60 with caution – Below 30 significant risk – Doctor must be available on-call in case of anaphylactic react ...
Accounting for Imaging Dose: Impact of California Regulation
Accounting for Imaging Dose: Impact of California Regulation

... - No hardware malfunction was found ...
American Institute for Cancer Research
American Institute for Cancer Research

... Medicine and the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, found that soybean phytochemicals called isoflavones increase the ability of radiation to kill cancer cells in prostate tumors by blocking their DNA repair mechanisms. Isoflavones also reduce damage caused by radiation to healthy cells. ...
Computed Tomography: An Overview
Computed Tomography: An Overview

... world’s first clinically useful CT scanner: ◦ If x-ray beam were passed thru an object from all directions, and measurements were made of all x-ray transmissions, information about the internal structures of that body could be obtained ◦ This info could be shown in form of images showing 3D represen ...
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Radiosurgery

Radiosurgery is surgery using radiation, that is, the destruction of precisely selected areas of tissue using ionizing radiation rather than excision with a blade. Like other forms of radiation therapy, it is usually used to treat cancer. Radiosurgery was originally defined by the Swedish neurosurgeon Lars Leksell as “a single high dose fraction of radiation, stereotactically directed to an intracranial region of interest”. In stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), the word stereotactic refers to a three-dimensional coordinate system that enables accurate correlation of a virtual target seen in the patient's diagnostic images with the actual target position in the patient anatomy.Technological improvements in medical imaging and computing have led to increased clinical adoption of stereotactic radiosurgery and have broadened its scope in recent years. Notwithstanding these improvements, the localization accuracy and precision that are implicit in the word “stereotactic” remain of utmost importance for radiosurgical interventions today. Stereotactic accuracy and precision are significantly increased by using a device known as the N-localizer that was invented by the American physician and computer scientist Russell Brown and that has achieved widespread clinical use in several stereotactic surgical and radiosurgical systems.Recently, the original concept of radiosurgery has been expanded to include treatments comprising up to five fractions, and stereotactic radiosurgery has been redefined as a distinct neurosurgical discipline that utilizes externally generated ionizing radiation to inactivate or eradicate defined targets in the head or spine without the need for a surgical incision. Irrespective of the similarities between the concepts of stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated radiotherapy, and although both treatment modalities are reported to have identical outcomes for certain indications, the intent of both approaches is fundamentally different. The aim of stereotactic radiosurgery is to destroy target tissue while preserving adjacent normal tissue, where fractionated radiotherapy relies on a different sensitivity of the target and the surrounding normal tissue to the total accumulated radiation dose. Historically, the field of fractionated radiotherapy evolved from the original concept of stereotactic radiosurgery following discovery of the principles of radiobiology: repair, reassortment, repopulation, and reoxygenation. Today, both treatment techniques are complementary as tumors that may be resistant to fractionated radiotherapy may respond well to radiosurgery and tumors that are too large or too close to critical organs for safe radiosurgery may be suitable candidates for fractionated radiotherapy.
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