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cosmic and solar radiation: facts for flight attendants
cosmic and solar radiation: facts for flight attendants

... You May Be Eligible For During Pregnancy (And After Baby Is Born)" and "Are You Flying Through a Solar Particle Event? (And Why To Avoid Them, Especially When Pregnant" (also available online). The following description of these risk estimates is based on materials published by the FAA. Scientists h ...
X-Ray Intensive Medical Procedures Using a Standard
X-Ray Intensive Medical Procedures Using a Standard

... algorithms to post-process low-dose / pulsed images, improving resolution and contrast to provide a clinically valuable image to the physician. This allows for greater utility of low dose imaging. As the radiation needed to obtain the image dictates the radiation exposure to the patient and physicia ...
Ch. 3 Radiation
Ch. 3 Radiation

... • Why does greenhouse gases warm the troposphere, but cool the stratosphere? – In troposphere, greenhouse gases absorb more radiation from the surface than emit to space. Thus, they trap more radiation emitted from the surface. In stratosphere, greenhouse gases absorb radiation in the stratosphere a ...
ADVANCED RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES
ADVANCED RADIOTHERAPY TECHNIQUES

... therapy, volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), has become an important method for the delivery of conformal therapy. All of these methods are improved by the use of image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) techniques to accurately position and set up the patient, using intergrated megavoltage or kil ...
Class Notes - Biomedical Engineering
Class Notes - Biomedical Engineering

... • May avoid grid for small body parts or low energies. ...
SUBJECT: Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging Radiation Safety in
SUBJECT: Radiation Safety in Pediatric Imaging Radiation Safety in

... infants Less than 6 Months of age, not X-Ray. Fluoroscopic Examinations ...
CARESTREAM OnSight 3D Extremity System
CARESTREAM OnSight 3D Extremity System

... A CT scan for arms and legs Allows for weight bearing examination Installed at preferred location ...
IOM and IMRT - Heather L. Schultz
IOM and IMRT - Heather L. Schultz

... o IMRT or Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy is used to improve the therapeutic ratio by reducing the toxicity of radiation while ensuring the effective doses are delivered to the target volume. o Another goal of IMRT is to increase tumor dose without increasing ...
Radiobiology Knowledge Level of Radiologists
Radiobiology Knowledge Level of Radiologists

... different areas of this field including general radiation protection section, radiation dose estimation section and radiation induced cancer section. The results indicated an overall inadequacy of knowledge (59%). The lowest obtained score (55%) was for radiation induced cancer section. This section ...
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... -Margulis, A.R., The present status and the future of gastrointestinal radiology. Abdom Imaging, 1994. 19(4): p. 291-2. -Page, M. and H. Jeffery, The role of gastro-oesophageal reflux in the aetiology of SIDS. Early Hum Dev, 2000. 59(2): p. 127-49. -Strauss KJ, Kaste SC. The ALARA (as low as reasona ...
CHARACTERISTICS of MEDICAL IMAGES
CHARACTERISTICS of MEDICAL IMAGES

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Radiation Physics, X-ray safety and protection
Radiation Physics, X-ray safety and protection

... radiation, including from internal body sources, with a worldwide average annual effective dose of 2.4 mSv. Airline crews on long flights experience a higher level of cosmic radiation and can receive doses of 4-5 μSv each hour, for instance, so that one flight may result in the equivalent of a numbe ...
The Convolution/Superposition Method: A Model
The Convolution/Superposition Method: A Model

... • It could target arbitrarily-defined anatomic sites. • It would cause little damage to normal tissue away from the tumor. • The site of its action could be verified precisely. • Its side effects were well known. • It could be non-invasively measured in small quantities. • It would make other drugs ...
Ten Steps to Image Gently
Ten Steps to Image Gently

... • Radiation reduction requires vigilance of the clinicians and radiologists. • Before ordering or approving a CT examination, we should ask ourselves: Can I avoid CT imaging? Example: Use of US rather than CT for pelvic / ovarian pathology Example: Use of MRA rather than CTA for PE diagnosis ...
White paper on radiation protection by the European Society of
White paper on radiation protection by the European Society of

... mostly because of the Chernobyl accident, may have significantly higher exposure. Data collected over the last 12 years show a medical effective dose per caput of three ranges: low exposure in the UK, the Netherlands and Sweden (0.4–0.75 mSv/year), intermediate exposure in Norway and Switzerland (1. ...
Zumdahl Chemistry Chapter 4 Definitions
Zumdahl Chemistry Chapter 4 Definitions

... Atomic number The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; each element has a unique atomic number. Beta radiation a type of nuclear radiation, composed of an electron “from the nucleus” Chemical formula A representation of a molecule in which the symbols for the elements are used to indicate th ...
External Fire Spread and Building Separation distances
External Fire Spread and Building Separation distances

... approach to understanding fire spread between buildings by thermal radiation. – “Despite the importance of the subject, its fundamental aspects do not appear to have received previous attention” – Highlighted a need for: – More data on radiation from flames – A better understanding of how materials ...
Unit 1: Area of study 1—Nuclear physics and radioactivity
Unit 1: Area of study 1—Nuclear physics and radioactivity

... Beta would be the best type of radiation. Beta radiation is able to penetrate short distances, so it will reach all the surrounding cancer cells, but few, if any, of the healthy cells further away. Alpha radiation lacks penetrating power and would not reach all cancer cells. Gamma is too penetrating ...
RT204 - Mohawk Valley Community College
RT204 - Mohawk Valley Community College

... discuss methods of dose reduction for C-arm operators. Describe methods used to provide patient restraint during a diagnostic x-ray procedure, and identify individuals who might use them. List the three categories of radiation sources that may be generated in an xray room; list the considerations on ...
here - Juravinski Cancer Centre
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... followed by radiation to the whole breast. An important unanswered question was whether the addition of regional nodal irradiation to the usual radiation of the breast ...
The Role of MRI in Radiation Treatment Planning
The Role of MRI in Radiation Treatment Planning

... resolving these problem and helping to strengthen these 2 pivots Plain X-ray helped introduced what is later to be know as 2D treatment planning With 2D planning, bony landmarks became important guides in tumour localization and treatment volume delineation But bony landmarks are at better approxima ...
Radiation Therapy - El Camino College
Radiation Therapy - El Camino College

...  Electrical supply  Screen or board painted with barium platinocyanide  Low light work area ...
Electromagnetic Radiation Spectrum
Electromagnetic Radiation Spectrum

... Electromagnetic Radiation •  Oscillating electric and magnetic fields propagate through space •  Virtually all energy exchange between the Earth and the rest of the Universe is by electromagnetic radiation •  Most of what we perceive as temperature is also due to our radiative environment •  May be ...
LITHUANIA (Kaunas)
LITHUANIA (Kaunas)

...  be aware of he aims and objectives of the Council Directive 97/43:How it affects the radiation protection of the patient and occupational workers with Ionizing radiation .  be aware of European commission Guidelines on Clinical audit PR159  understand the nature of inter-professional Bodies coop ...
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Center for Radiological Research

The Columbia University Center for Radiological Research (CRR) was founded more than 75 years ago to better understand the human health risks associated with exposure to ionizing radiation exposure. It is the oldest and largest such research center in the world. The Center's efforts are focused on unraveling the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying radiation effects in cells, tissues, organ systems and living organisms and how radiation exposure affects human health. Its primary mission is to provide an unbiased, comprehensive and independent source of scientific information about radiation risks to governmental agencies, elected officials, non-profit institutions and private entities to enable them to make sound, evidence based policy decisions. The CRR also provides basic science training to the next generation of radiobiologists, medical and health physicists and clinical radiologists. The Center's multidisciplinary staff encompasses professionals from diverse fields including molecular biology, cell biology, radiation physics, computational physics, engineering, radiation oncology and public health.
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