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... Department of Biochemistry and Center for Metalloenzyme Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA (Received 5 May 1994; revision received 7 June 1994; accepted 8 June 1994) ...
Structure and mechanism of action of a novel
Structure and mechanism of action of a novel

... Ile238 and Ala254–Thr296). These β-sheet structures are located in the core of each domain and are surrounded by helices of various lengths. There are eight and nine helices in domains A and B, respectively, and the helices vary in both their length and orientation. Helix Leu411–Lys435 is the longes ...
Structure and function of radical SAM enzymes
Structure and function of radical SAM enzymes

29 Pathways of Sugar Metabolism: Pentose
29 Pathways of Sugar Metabolism: Pentose

... sugar. Other sugars in the diet are converted to intermediates of glucose metabolism, and their fates parallel that of glucose. When carbohydrates other than glucose are required for the synthesis of diverse compounds such as lactose, glycoproteins, or glycolipids, they are synthesized from glucose. ...
Studies Into the Allosteric Regulation of ADP
Studies Into the Allosteric Regulation of ADP

... growth phase was shown to be critical for growth.2 It can also be a more direct and troublesome virulence factor. As just one example, the glycogen produced by Streptococcus mutans has been associated with its ability to cause tooth decay.3 For these reasons, there has been extensive research into u ...
Johansson L, Gafvelin G, Arnér ES. Selenocysteine in proteins
Johansson L, Gafvelin G, Arnér ES. Selenocysteine in proteins

... originally called selenoprotein R, until its identity was revealed [37]. Also, in this enzyme, the Sec residue is highly important for its catalytic activity and postulated to be part of the active site, but the catalytic mechanism has not yet been fully characterized [38]. There are three E. coli s ...
Identification of two amino acid residues which - Wiley-VCH
Identification of two amino acid residues which - Wiley-VCH

... The β-hexosaminidases (Hex1, E.C. 3.2.1.52) are lysosomal hydrolases which catalyze the cleavage of terminal β-N-acetylglucosamine or β-N-acetylgalactosamine residues on a broad spectrum of glycoconjugates. The major Hex isozymes in humans are: Hex A, a heterodimer composed of one α and one β subuni ...
Structure and biosynthesis of the signal
Structure and biosynthesis of the signal

... is synthesized with a cleavable amino-terminal signal sequence and contains only one classical membrane-spanning segment. Its insertion into the ER membrane during biosynthesis depends on the function of the signal-recognition particle. SSR shows a remarkable charge distribution with the amino termi ...
DNACatalyzed Lysine Side Chain Modification
DNACatalyzed Lysine Side Chain Modification

... achieved by using 5’-ImpDNA in the less preorganized architecture. From these results, we conclude that DNA can catalyze covalent modification of the nucleophilic Lys side chain, and a high degree of preorganization is dispensable when the electrophile is sufficiently reactive. In vitro selection[9] ...
Regulation of Primary Metabolism in Response to
Regulation of Primary Metabolism in Response to

... pathway, a process known as the Pasteur effect. To survive short-term hypoxia during flooding or waterlogging, plants must generate sufficient ATP and regenerate NADP+ and NAD+, which are required for glycolysis (Narsai et al., 2011; van Dongen et al., 2011). In addition to the accumulation of ethanol ...
Brucella Quorum Sensing: much more than
Brucella Quorum Sensing: much more than

... long chain AHLs limits their diffusion and increases their interaction with bacterial membranes, which lowers their presence in the culture medium (Pearson et al., 1999; Schaefer et al., 2002); (ii) in vitro AHL production does not correlate with in vivo production, as seen in P. aeruginosa (Ericks ...
The intertwined metabolism of Medicago truncatula and its nitrogen
The intertwined metabolism of Medicago truncatula and its nitrogen

... peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. ...
Effect of diet composition and ration size on key enzyme activities of
Effect of diet composition and ration size on key enzyme activities of

... † Corresponding author: Dr Isabel V. Baanante, fax +34 3 402 1896, email [email protected] ...
Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives
Organic Acids and Bases and Some of Their Derivatives

... Carboxylic acids feature a carbon atom doubly bonded to an oxygen atom and also joined to an OH group. The four acids illustrated here are formic acid (a), acetic acid (b), propionic acid (c), and butyric acid (d). ...
Biological Molecules - Napa Valley College
Biological Molecules - Napa Valley College

... Fatty acids and Health  Heart disease is caused by plaque collecting in the blood vessels leading to the heart.  Plaque is from oxidized cholesterol  Cholesterol in the blood leads to more plaque building up in the vessels. ...
Ammonia Do Ammonia Levels Correlate with Hepatic Encephalopathy?
Ammonia Do Ammonia Levels Correlate with Hepatic Encephalopathy?

... therapies. Bromocriptine at 30 mg orally twice daily can be considered in patients refractory to other therapies. Occasionally, a portosystemic shunt (spontaneous, surgical or from placement of a transhepatic portosystemic shunt), is thought to be the primary cause of recurrent or chronic HE. In the ...
Energy 1
Energy 1

... What happens when not enough oxygen is supplied to the muscles? Hydrogens from glycolysis? Pyruvate to Lactate ...
SOLID PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS
SOLID PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS

... Fmoc SPPS, a 100–150 ml reactor will suffice for ca. 10 g of resin. The swelling will be more important in Boc SPPS mostly during the TFA deprotection step; a 250 ml reactor would be recommended for the abovementioned synthesis. Vessels for smallscale SPPS are depicted in Fig 2a (p.12), Fig. 2b (p. 1 ...
Amiito acid sequence of the testosterone
Amiito acid sequence of the testosterone

... all tissues examined to date suggests that the RP2 protein may function in a housekeeping role In all cells. This Is supported by the finding of a high percentage of G + C residues at the 5' end of the gene, including a sequence homologous to the binding site of the transcription factor Spl, which h ...
Compartmentation of the Metabolism of Lactose
Compartmentation of the Metabolism of Lactose

... thus preventing the latter from achieving true equilibrium with the compound at all its locations within the cell. Experimentally, the study of compartmentation in living cells presents certain problems arising from the difficulty of distinguishing between several reservoirs of a substance without f ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Biotin Conclusion and Discussion
PowerPoint Presentation - Biotin Conclusion and Discussion

... • allows biotin to move from one active site to ...
the overlooked molecule in the regulation of polyamine metabolism
the overlooked molecule in the regulation of polyamine metabolism

... The primary goal of the present study was to address the potential role of substrates in regulation of the PA biosynthetic pathway under conditions of short-term (via induction) as well as long-term (constitutive) manipulations in Arabidopsis. We also studied the interaction of PA up-regulation with ...
The semi-phosphorylative Entner–Doudoroff pathway in
The semi-phosphorylative Entner–Doudoroff pathway in

Ammonia Perspiration During Exercise
Ammonia Perspiration During Exercise

... results suggest that while the sweat glands are a source of ammonia excretion and that they can play a major role along with expiration and storage within muscles and blood during exercise while no urea is being produced. The concentrations difference found in this study and Czarnowski’s and Gorski‘ ...
E. coli
E. coli

...  The property that distinguishes these two groups is the presence of the EPEC adherence factor plasmid (pEAF), which is only found in tEPEC  aEPEC strains are emerging enteropathogens that have been detected worldwide  The large variety of serotypes and genetic virulence properties of aEPEC strai ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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