• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Option C - IBperiod5
Option C - IBperiod5

... molecule (acetyl group) reacts with reduced coenzyme A, and, at the same time, one NADH + H+ is formed. Krebs cycle…..in mitochondrial matrix, releases CO2 yields 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 CO2, and 2ATP from substrate level phosphorylation Follow the carbons: C2 + C4= C6 + CO2 = C5 + CO2= C4 Kreb's Cycle… ...
Ch 8 Carbon Chem
Ch 8 Carbon Chem

... molecules that are simple carbohydrates bonded together. (starch and cellulose) 1. Starch-complex carbs, bread, cereal, pasta, rice and potatoes. The energy released by breaking down starch allows the body to carry out its life functions. 2. Cellulose- (fiber) plant polymer. Body cannot breakdown an ...
Organic Macromolecules Cloze Worksheet
Organic Macromolecules Cloze Worksheet

... The building block of matter There are more than 100 different types of atoms known, as shown in the Periodic Table. Only 92 are naturally-occurring with hydrogen as the lightest and uranium as the heaviest of these. The most common atoms on earth are are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrog ...
Organic Molecules
Organic Molecules

... – 2 strands are held together by H-bonds between complimentary nucleotides on opposite strands • H-bonds can only be made between a purine on one strand and a pyramidine on the other strand –A can only bind with T –G can only bind with C –U is NOT part of DNA (only found in RNA) • The sequence of nu ...
PPT - CBE Project Server
PPT - CBE Project Server

... molecules to build and repair itself and to maintain its life activities” o Nutrients: any substance that is taken into the body’s cells to fulfill a ...
Organic Molecules
Organic Molecules

... – 2 strands are held together by H-bonds between complimentary nucleotides on opposite strands • H-bonds can only be made between a purine on one strand and a pyramidine on the other strand –A can only bind with T –G can only bind with C –U is NOT part of DNA (only found in RNA) • The sequence of nu ...
File - Ms. Poole`s Biology
File - Ms. Poole`s Biology

... • 1. Write down 6 letters of DNA (label 5’ and 3’ ends) • 2. Write the corresponding mRNA sequence (label 5’ and 3’ ends) • 3. Write the amino acid chain ...
Food Sources of Antioxidants
Food Sources of Antioxidants

... radical oxidant damage. Cysteine is a nonessential amino acid, which means that it is manufactured from other amino acids in the liver; it does not have to be obtained directly through the diet. It is synthesized in the liver from methionine. Animal protein is known to be higher in sulfur amino acid ...
Name
Name

... 32. How are the reactants and products different in a chemical reaction? 33. Think about a key opening a padlock and answer the following questions a. What would represent the enzyme (the padlock or the key)? b. What would represent the substrate (the padlock or the key)? c. Which part of the padloc ...
II. Beta oxidation of fatty acid
II. Beta oxidation of fatty acid

... IX. Diseases associated with purine and pyrimidine metabolism QUESTIONS ON NUCLEIC ACID CHEMISTRY & METABOLISM _B__56. The process of producing DNA from a molecule of RNA: A. replication C. translation B. Reverse transcription D. conjugation _B__57. This DNA form is seen in physiologic conditions wh ...
Document
Document

... DNA Polymerase – a protein complex that copies DNA to DNA RNA Polymerase – a protein complex that copies DNA to RNA Spliceosome – a protein/RNA complex that removes introns from pre-mRNA Ribosome – a protein/RNA complex that translates mRNA codons to amino acids, making proteins Intron – a non-codin ...
CHAPTER-III CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
CHAPTER-III CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

... The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is first consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and prod ...
Activity 4.1/5.1 How can you identify organic macromolecules?
Activity 4.1/5.1 How can you identify organic macromolecules?

... types of macromolecules in living organisms to predict the outcome of the following experiments. Be sure to explain your reasoning. Experiment 1: You stir 10 g of glucose and 10 mL of phospholipids in a 500-mL beaker that contains 200 mL of distilled water, Draw a diagram to show where and how the g ...
Generalities Main amino acid reactions
Generalities Main amino acid reactions

...  Proteins are the polypeptides formed by sequences of amino acids  General formula of the a-amino acids NH2-CH-COOH R  The amino acids occupy a central position in the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds ...
Amino Acids And Central Fatigue.
Amino Acids And Central Fatigue.

... changes in brain monoamine metabolism and the influence of specific amino acids on fatigue. Several studies in experimental animals have shown that physical exercise increases the synthesis and metabolism of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). Support for the involvement of 5-HT in fatigue can be foun ...
Aminoaciduria
Aminoaciduria

... i.e. finally give rise to ketone bodies Leucine& lysine are the only exclusively ketogenic amino acids & therefore cannot give rise to glucose ...
Chapter 3 Review Guide
Chapter 3 Review Guide

... has a phosphate (functional group) attached. One phospholipid has a head (polar, hydrophilic) and tail (nonpolar, hydrophobic)…..a phospholipid bilayer makes the cell membrane where the tails face each other and the heads face the inside and outside of the cell…..the area where water is. ...
abstract
abstract

... Liu,  K.  Briggs,  and  C.  Friedrichs Abstract:    The  paradigm  for  coastal,  nutrient-­‐induced  hypoxia   ...
Summary of Chapter 24
Summary of Chapter 24

Ch. 3 Study Guide
Ch. 3 Study Guide

... 9. Name two VITALLY IMPORTANT monosaccharides A. B. 10. Monosaccharides, especially ______________, are the source of ___________ for cellular work. In addition, the carbon skeletons of monosaccharides provide the _____________________ for building other organic molecules like amino acids and fatty ...
chapter 3 - rci.rutgers.edu
chapter 3 - rci.rutgers.edu

... -sheet, are discussed on pages 40 to 44 (Fig 2.29, 2.36). Which atoms in the peptide backbone must share a common plane (Fig. 2.23)? Why? Secondary structures are generally stabilized by hydrogen bonds involving peptide backbone groups (and not R groups). Fibrous proteins are “all 2˚” i.e. -kerati ...
short chain polypeptide test
short chain polypeptide test

... blocks of very large molecules called proteins. When two or more amino acids are joined together they are called peptides. So called ‘short-chain polypeptides’ are up to around 30 amino acids long. Many hormones, cytokines, chemotactic agents and CNS-active metabolites are SCPP’s. The process of dig ...
1. Diagram the biosynthetic pathway  fiom UMP),
1. Diagram the biosynthetic pathway fiom UMP),

... oxidation. Explain these observations in light of what you know of fatty acid oxidation reactions. (5%). ...
Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen
Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen

... The four main classes of organic compounds (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) that are essential to the proper functioning of all living things are known as polymers or macromolecules. All of these compounds are built primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen but in different ratio ...
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

... separates the 2 strands • RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template for assembling an mRNA complementary strand • This creates a strand of mRNA which can carry the genetic code out of the nucleus to complete the second step of protein synthesis. ...
< 1 ... 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report