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Enzymes - SAVE MY EXAMS!
Enzymes - SAVE MY EXAMS!

... (i) State the order of amino acids coded for by this sequence of DNA. ...
Document
Document

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Organic Molecule Cut-Outs
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... 1. Cut out all the cut-outs that pertain to Proteins—including the equal sign, the oval, the rectangle, and the words “Proteins,” “polymer,” and “monomers.” 2. Arrange the cut-outs so that the Amino Acids form a protein (don't worry about the order of the amino acids). Include the equal sign; you wi ...
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Modeling with Toobers
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...  Consult the amino acid periodic table included earlier to identify the underlined amino acids.  Place 4 yellow thumb tacks to map the C and H residues and a blue thumb tack for R. Map the positions of these residues on the ~30” toober. (Hint: each amino acid occupies ~1 inches on the toober). Use ...
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... transcribed into a complementary strand of mRNA. In eukaryotic cells, the mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cl.toplasm. In all cells, the mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome, where IRNA anticodons translate the mRNA into amino acids. The completed amino acid chain, or polypeptide, then fo ...
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... The figure above represents the H–reduced formulas of the coded amino acid’s side chains as partially ordered set. This order can be used to describe the set of molecular formulas defined by a fuzzy formula. For instance the fuzzy formula C2−11H5−14N1−4O2−4S includes all molecular formulas f that fu ...
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... have a phosphate group. Phosphorylation is critical for many enzymes to work and affects quaternary folding so this will be looked at. Interestingly, the pI and Mw of the protein were calculated based solely on the primary amino acid sequence given and inputted to a calculator [3]. The results can b ...
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... group (–COOH), an amine group (–NH2), a hydrogen atom (–H), and a side group that varies depending on the type of amino acid. Twenty common amino acids can combine in various ways to make different protein molecules. The sequence of amino acids in each protein is unique to that protein, so each prot ...
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... other organic molecules, protein molecules are huge and therefore cannot pass through semi-permeable membrane. Proteins are made up of small unit molecules called amino acids. The nature of protein is determined by the types of amino acids it is made of. Amino acids have the general formula H ...
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Notes - The University of Sydney
Notes - The University of Sydney

... this is the information that is transferred; the order of the monomer. To have a sequence dependent polymer you must have a template. There must be some way of copying that template and ensuring that the template copy is accurate. The cell goes to extraordinary lengths to ensure the accuracy of the ...
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... What’s in your DNA • A typical eukaryotic cell transcribes only about 20 % of its DNA into RNA. • “Genes” in DNA also code for rRNAs and tRNAs. These get copied from the DNA but are not translated like mRNA. • Much of the DNA has sequences that just repeat and don’t have any useful information. – 9 ...
humanvs
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... 2. How does a universal genetic code relate to the hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth?it is shared by all life forms on earth 3. How are self-replicating molecules, such as RNA molecules in the “RNA World” hypothesis, essential to the most popular hypotheses about the origin of life on Ear ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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