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The nature of mycelial lipolytic enzymes in filamentous fungi
The nature of mycelial lipolytic enzymes in filamentous fungi

... was first reported by Dawson in 1958 [6]. It is of course recognised that the phospholipase B type of activity could be due to the action of phospholipase A1 and highly active lysophospholipase. No evidence for the presence of phospholipase A2 was found associated with any of the organism examined. ...
Prying Into Prions - Colorado Parks and Wildlife
Prying Into Prions - Colorado Parks and Wildlife

... moose. It belongs to a family of diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies or prion diseases. The disease attacks the brains of infected deer, elk and moose, causing the animals to become emaciated, display abnormal behavior and lose coordination, and eventually die. Chronic Wastin ...
Protein structural class prediction using predicted secondary
Protein structural class prediction using predicted secondary

1/22
1/22

... • BSC: Reaction reversed….CO2 + pyruvate (3 C) • CO2 to Calvin Cycle • Pyruvate to mesophyll, converted to PEP Calvin Cycle (Rubisco) ...
COMPUTATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN THE STRUCTURAL STABILITY OF ‘ALL­ALPHA’  PROTEINS: THE N­H...Π INTERACTIONS 
COMPUTATIONAL PERSPECTIVE IN THE STRUCTURAL STABILITY OF ‘ALL­ALPHA’  PROTEINS: THE N­H...Π INTERACTIONS 

... chain of arginine is larger and less well water‐solvated than that of  other  amino  acid  residues,  it  likely  benefits  from  better  van  der  Waals interactions with the aromatic ring. In addition, as suggested  by Thornton and colleagues  42, the side chain of Arg may still donate  several  h ...
The Role of Glucosamine Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfates in the
The Role of Glucosamine Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfates in the

... Glucosamine (2-amino-2-deoxyalpha-D-glucose) is one of the two hexosamine sugars (6 carbon amino sugars) common in animal cells (the other being galactosamine). Structurally, glucosamine is modified glucose with a NH3 group replacing the OH group found on carbon two (C-2). G6-P is an aminomonosacch ...
NAGS - BMC Biochemistry
NAGS - BMC Biochemistry

Plant and Soil
Plant and Soil

... modification of one subunit of dinitrogenase reductase by dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosyltransferase ( D R A T ) . The system can be reactivated when NH~- is exhausted, by dinitrogenase reductase activating glycohydrolase ( D R A G ) which removes the inactivating group. It is fascinating that s ...
Cellular Respiration (Text Book)
Cellular Respiration (Text Book)

Unconventional serine proteases: Variations on the catalytic Ser/His
Unconventional serine proteases: Variations on the catalytic Ser/His

Anatomy of a Cell :
Anatomy of a Cell :

... provides not only an internal physical structure but also a transport system to move molecules, vesicles, and even organelles to where they are needed. All of the cell parts introduced in this chapter will be explained in much greater detail in subsequent chapters. More importantly, the intertwined ...
Peroxisomes: family of versatile organelles
Peroxisomes: family of versatile organelles

... and THCA (dark red), and pristanic acid (magenta), which are imported into peroxisomes by the different ABCD transporters as indicated. The peroxisomal enzymes involved in alphaoxidation of phytanic acid (purple) are indicated in yellow. The peroxisomal enzymes involved in plasmalogen synthesis (bla ...
Altered Fermentative Metabolism in
Altered Fermentative Metabolism in

... enzymes involved in these pathways are pyruvate formate lyase (PFL1), pyruvate-ferredoxin-oxidoreductase (PFR1, often referred to as PFOR), and the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. As PDH generates NADH, it is presumed that PFL1 and PFR1 are the favored anoxic pathways, with PFL1 representing t ...
Characters of Chymosin Gene Isolated from Different Animal A. G. Attallah
Characters of Chymosin Gene Isolated from Different Animal A. G. Attallah

... calf chymosin possessed 80% amino acid sequence identity but showed considerable differences in their enzymatic properties. A comparison of their structures may therefore contribute to an understanding of the significance of the amino acid residues responsible for the differences in these properties ...
Homeostasis of glucose
Homeostasis of glucose

... out of cells H+ Moves in • When Insulin is deficient there is a net efflux K+ from the cell. • Usually [Plasma K+] does not rise because excess K+ is lost in the urine (this occurs bc the glucose in the tubules that cannot be reabsorbed due to exceeding its Tm acts as a diuretic and pulls water and ...
Ether formation on the tridentate Schiff base
Ether formation on the tridentate Schiff base

... sonicated for two hours, the mass spectra of these solutions resemble those of the complexes in MeOH/NaOH before sonication indicating that no additional reactions have taken place except in the case where the amino acid in the ligand is leucine, norleucine or methionine where a small additional pea ...
Characterization and the role of carbonic anhydrase
Characterization and the role of carbonic anhydrase

... I. Introduction In cyanobacteria, for the carbon concentrating mechanism to function, there is an absolute requirement for carbonic anhydrase activity within the carboxysome to convert the bicarbonate to carbon dioxide, and a simultaneous requirement that minimal carbonic anhydrase activity be found ...
AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetases in Archaea show
AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetases in Archaea show

BMC Struct Biol. BMC Struct Biol. 2003
BMC Struct Biol. BMC Struct Biol. 2003

... capacity for situations when hemopexin becomes saturated. The protein is principally characterized by its remarkable ability to bind a broad range of hydrophobic small molecule ligands including fatty acids, bilirubin, thyroxine, bile acids and steroids; it serves as a solubilizer and transporter fo ...
Protein translation in Plasmodium parasites
Protein translation in Plasmodium parasites

... of host hemoglobin in the parasite food vacuole and on amino acid uptake from the extracellular space [16]. Human hemoglobin is rich in most amino acids, but is low in Cys, Glu, Gln and Met, and lacks Ile; these could be rate-limiting for protein synthesis. Supplementation of Plasmodium with these f ...
Chapter 8
Chapter 8

... At this point all of the reactions that result in reduction in carbon chain length are complete, 2 CO2 have been eliminated 2 NADH and 1 ATP have been made and we are back with a 4-carbon acid. However the acid is succinate, whereas to start a new cycle we need oxalacetate. This requires the oxidati ...
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

... (1.4 ,um, or 2.7 x 106f daltons), which encodes a nucleotidyltransferase, responsible for the inactivation of aminoglycosidic antibiotics. Like other small plasmids in S. aureus, as well as in coliform bacteria, RApOl appears to replicate under relaxed control, with a minimal estimate of 50 copies o ...
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptide fractions
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibitory peptide fractions

... weight unit (htot). L-Leucin was used as a standard. The analysis was carried out in triplicate. 2.6. ACE-inhibitory activity assay ACE-inhibitory activity was analysed according to a modification of the method described by Hayakari, Kondo, and Izumi (1978) method; hippuryl-L-histidyl-L-leucine (HHL) ...
as a PDF
as a PDF

... control gene expression. While regulation of transcription initiation is a common regulatory strategy, it is now apparent that this is only the starting point. Bacteria have developed several sophisticated regulatory mechanisms that allow the organism to modulate gene expression after transcription ...
Cloning and characterization of the Xenopus laevis p8 gene
Cloning and characterization of the Xenopus laevis p8 gene

... it is likely to be a transcription factor. The DNAbinding activity of human p8 is increased with phosphorylation (Encinar et al. 2001) and, while we could not identify any putative phosphorylation sites on Xp8, there were a couple of well-conserved amino acids outside the bHLH region (Fig. 2a) that ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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