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DNA Notesheet
DNA Notesheet

... _ _ 2. L: LOCATE evidence from the text (notes) to support your answer. _ _ _ 3. A: ADD additional evidence OR your own ANALYSIS (how does your evidence support your answer?) _ _ _ _ _ 4. M: MAKE a meaningful conclusion or connection: _ _ _ _ ...
What is your DNA Alias
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... Cytosine, and Guanine, respectively. The letters are read in groups of three by various enzymes and organelles in your cells. A group of three is called a codon. DNA contains the information that is needed by your body to make proteins. The different proteins have specific functions, such as making ...
What is your DNA Alias
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... Cytosine, and Guanine, respectively. The letters are read in groups of three by various enzymes and organelles in your cells. A group of three is called a codon. DNA contains the information that is needed by your body to make proteins. The different proteins have specific functions, such as making ...
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... Each amino acid has the same structure except for a section called the R group. R stands for radical which mean that the structure varies. There are 20 different variations so there are 20 amino acids. Each amino acid has different properties that interact with each other when they are joined togeth ...
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(PDF, Unknown)

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... haemoglobin with the chemical formula – C3032 H4816 O872 N780 S8 Fe4 Each cell contains hundreds of different proteins, and each kind of cell has some proteins that are unique to it. Plant or animal species that are closely related by evolution have proteins that are very similar. Their proteins wil ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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