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Comparative Anatomy * Guided Practice
Comparative Anatomy * Guided Practice

... 3. Give an example of a vestigial structure from this activity: ___________________________________ 4. Below are some vestigial structures found in humans. For each, hypothesize what its function may have been. ...
Comparative Anatomy – Guided Practice
Comparative Anatomy – Guided Practice

... 3. Give an example of a vestigial structure from this activity: ___________________________________ 4. Below are some vestigial structures found in humans. For each, hypothesize what its function may have been. ...
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Pertubation of metabolism in IDD Q3-5 Joe - PBL-J-2015

... pathways of fatty acid metabolism that are up regulated The oversupply of fatty acids in the liver cells (in the absence of insulin) leads to the up regulation of the β-oxidation of these fatty acids in the mitochondrial cells of the liver. This is initiated when excess supply of fatty acids trigger ...
ALD
ALD

... peroxisomes lead to the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in tissues of the body, especially the brain and the adrenal glands. Ultimately the myelin sheath surrounding the nerves is destroyed causing neurologic problems, and the adrenal gland malfunction causes Addison’s Disease. W ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Phospholipids make up all cell membranes. – Polar phosphate “head” which is polar. – Nonpolar fatty acid “tails” which are nonpolar. – Hint: remember that water also had polar and nonpolar regions! Phospholipid ...
GHW Questions
GHW Questions

SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACID Acetyl
SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACID Acetyl

... Double bonds are introduced into long-chain acyl-CoAs through an electron-transfer process coupled to the reduction of molecular oxygen Reaction catalyzed by a complex of membrane-bound enzymes Double bonds inserted such that the new double bond is three carbons closer to the CoA group, and never be ...
The Chemistry of Life
The Chemistry of Life

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heartsprotein.adv.pdf

... Proteins are composed of long chains of amino acids. The order in which these different amino acids appear will determine the 3 dimensional shape of the protein. Interactions between the different R groups will cause the protein to assume and maintain a specific structure. When proteins fold, differ ...
Proteins: Primary Structure
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Lecture 27

... transcarbamoylase 3. Argininosuccinate synthetase 4. Arginosuccinase 5. Arginase ...
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Evolution of Amino Acid Metabolism Inferred through Cladistic

... was, therefore, the most distal (i.e. downstream) in the pathway. Confluence of pathways was selected because it saved energy. This energy is used for other needs that will be more difficult to satisfy for competitor cells without confluence. This optimization of pathways is considered as a general ...
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Antimicrobial drugs

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... 90) All of the following is correct for Mb except . a) Have not allosteric effectors . b) Carry one molecules of oxygen . c) High affinity for oxygen . d) Quaternary . 91) Release of oxygen from Hb is enhanced by a) Lowering pH . b) Increasing pCO2 . c) Increasing 2,3BPG . d) All correct . 92) Which ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules

... • Lipids are nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol. – Many contain carbon chains called fatty acids. – Fats and oils contain fatty acids bonded to glycerol. Triglyceride ...
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... • Lipids are nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol. – Many contain carbon chains called fatty acids. – Fats and oils contain fatty acids bonded to glycerol. Triglyceride ...
Chapter 5 - Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry
Chapter 5 - Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry

... Cellulose and Chitin are polysaccharides that function to support and protect the organism. The cell walls of plants are composed of cellulose. The cell walls of fungi and the exoskeleton of arthropods are composed of chitin. In starch and glycogen, the bond orientation between the glucose subunits ...


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The diagram below shows the process of translation. PROCTOR
The diagram below shows the process of translation. PROCTOR

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Jmol Quick Reference Sheet - MSOE Center for BioMolecular

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Microbial Metabolism • Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions o The sum

... o The total ATP yield is less than in aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycle operates under anaerobic conditions. Fermentation o Fermentation releases energy from sugars or other organic molecules by oxidation. o O2 is not required in fermentation. o Two ATP molecules are produced ...
Name___________________________ Lab #______ Role: Activity
Name___________________________ Lab #______ Role: Activity

... Activity 1. Protein Synthesis In this activity, you will model the steps of protein synthesis. Before beginning, your group should have: ...
Bio 2 – Vocabulary--Biological Molecules
Bio 2 – Vocabulary--Biological Molecules

...  Understand the difference between fats and oils  Know the structure and purpose of phospholipids  Know the basic structure of a steroid Proteins  Know and be able to draw the formation of a peptide bond  Understand what denaturing is and how it happens  Realize what makes all amino acids the ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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