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Introduction to Structure Biology
Introduction to Structure Biology

... • Study of protein structures allows to gain an insight into how protein really accomplish their function. • Nobel prizes... ...
Methods of industrial production
Methods of industrial production

... oxygen, the production of L‐glutamate oxygen, the production of L glutamate is poor and lactic acid as well as succinic is poor and lactic acid as well as succinic acid accumulates, whereas with an excess oxygen supply the amount of α‐ ketoglutarate as a by‐product accumulates.  ...
pdf of article - ACG Publications
pdf of article - ACG Publications

... Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by an improper balance of glucose homeostasis, which has a significant impact on health, life quality and life expectancy of patients, as well as on the health care system [11]. Diabetes is characterized by hyperglycaemia, which may result fro ...
Chapter 6
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Biological Polymers - McQuarrie General Chemistry
Biological Polymers - McQuarrie General Chemistry

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... amino acids  There are 20 different amino acids  Polypeptide – a chain of amino acids Each protein contains a combination of any or all of the 20 different amino acids The properties of proteins are determined by the order in which the different amino acids are joined In order to build a protein, ...
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Chapter 3
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... 3. Active site consists of few amino acid residues only. 4. Active site is three dimensional. 5. The active site is contributed by amino acid residues that are far apart in the enzyme molecule. During catalysis, they are brought together. 6. The amino acids at the active site are arranged in a very ...
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... Vitamin C is an essential cofactor for the hydroxylase enzymes that are responsible for these modifications. • Procollagen is further modified into tropocollagen by removing the terminal ends of the polypeptide strand. Tropocollagen is the basic building block of collagen. • Collagen fibrils are formed ...
Amino acids in the seaweeds as an alternate source of protein for
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... acid present. Phenylalanine + tyrosine, threonine and tryptophan levels were much higher than those in egg and milk proteins. Lysine and methionine levels in G. corticata were lower than those in FAO reference pattern. The phenylalanine + tyrosine, threonine and tryptophan levels in this species wer ...
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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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