• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
The Molecules of Cells
The Molecules of Cells

... Levels of protein structure • The final shape of a protein molecule is often critical to its function – Ex: enzyme molecules have an active site which is part of the tertiary structure ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
The Citric Acid Cycle

... oxidized to form succinyl-CoA (琥珀酰辅酶A); again the carbon released as CO2 is not from the acetyl group joined; catalyzed by a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex; reactions and enzymes closely resemble pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (with similar E1 and E2, identical E3). • Step 5 Succinyl-CoA is hyd ...
biochemistry, cell and molecular biology test
biochemistry, cell and molecular biology test

Respiratory chain is the most productive pathway to make ATP
Respiratory chain is the most productive pathway to make ATP

... called pyruvate dehydrogenase. Three B vitamins-thiamine, nicotinic acid (niacin), and riboflavin-are among the compounds needed to make the coenzymes for the complex. The enzymes in the citric acid cycle exist in mitochondrion in close proximity to those of the respiratory chain. In summary, to beg ...
MODULE 1 The Central Dogma Objective 1.4 LESSON A
MODULE 1 The Central Dogma Objective 1.4 LESSON A

... TAKS Science 2A, 2C, 2D, 3A, 3B, 6A, 6B Prior Student Learning Understanding that DNA carries the Genetic Code Estimated Time ...
SC.912.L.18.11 Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower
SC.912.L.18.11 Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower

... SC.912.L.18.11 Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions. Identify factors, such as pH and temperature, and their effect on enzyme activity. Enzymes are substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions. Most enzymes are proteins. Enzym ...
Algorithms and a Software Application for the Discovery of Heparin
Algorithms and a Software Application for the Discovery of Heparin

... The first step of this project is a chemical one – examine a group of known heparinbinding proteins and find common subsequences of amino acids that may be an indicator of heparin-binding ability. An algorithm is then developed to search for these sequences given arbitrary proteins as input. The alg ...
Exam 2 Key Fa08
Exam 2 Key Fa08

... 18. Provide a concise definition for each that will clearly distinguish between the following pairs of terms. Be sure to include how the two terms are related to one another. (2 pts each): a) entropy / enthalphy [both involved in determining whether or not a reaction will be spontaneous. Entropy is ...
Atoms
Atoms

... Macromolecules with C, H, O, N  Polymers of Amino Acids  Compounds with an Amino Group (NH2) and a Carboxyl Group (-COOH) on the other end ...
Summary of Herbicide Mechanism of Action According to the Weed
Summary of Herbicide Mechanism of Action According to the Weed

... Benzoic acids, phenoxycarboxylic acids, pyridine carboxylic acids, and quinoline carboxylic acids (Group 4) are herbicides that act similar to that of endogenous auxin (IAA) although the true mechanism is not well understood. The specific cellular or molecular binding site relevant to the action of ...
Lecture 2 Protein conformation Recap Recap… Proteins
Lecture 2 Protein conformation Recap Recap… Proteins

Biochemistry
Biochemistry

... Because it also has a carboxyl group, glycine is both an amine and a carboxylic acid; compounds with both groups are called amino acids. ...
C483 Exam I 2014 Answer Key
C483 Exam I 2014 Answer Key

... oppositely charged functional groups is often called a salt bridge c) The pH at which a given amino acid carries a net zero charge is referred to as isoelectric point d) The covalent linkage formed by the oxidation of the side chains of two cysteine residues in a peptide or protein is called a/an di ...
2.4 How DNA Codes for Protein
2.4 How DNA Codes for Protein

... Transcription in eukaryotic cells is more complex and is outlined in Fig. 2.8. In eukaryotic DNA, noncoding regions (introns) interrupt protein-coding regions (exons). Introns range in size from 40 to 10,000 bases. Eukarya have very complex promoter logic, often requiring multiple sites and multiple ...
CAP5510 - Bioinformatics - UF CISE
CAP5510 - Bioinformatics - UF CISE

... – Convention – start at amino terminus and proceed to carboxy terminus ...
Slides 3 - Department of Computer and Information Science and
Slides 3 - Department of Computer and Information Science and

... – Convention – start at amino terminus and proceed to carboxy terminus ...
Lipids (lect 4))
Lipids (lect 4))

... Acetyl CoA is the precursor of fatty acid synthesis. It is produced from oxidation of glucose (by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate), βoxidation of fatty acids and metabolism of ketogenic and mixed amino acids. Acetyl CoA is produced in mitochondria, and FA synthesis occurs in cytoplasm, so acet ...
Regulation of enzyme activity
Regulation of enzyme activity

... • It means that an end product in the reaction decreases the rate of enzyme synthesis at the level of gene expression. • It does not affect the enzyme activity. • It decreases the enzyme quantity through the action on the gene that encodes the enzyme. • It is a complicated process that takes hours t ...
File
File

... e) None of the above are correct. 10) When gout patients are treated with allopurinol their blood and urine levels of ____ rise. a) Hypoxanthine b) Uric acid c) Xanthine d) A and C e) All of the above. Quiz 8 1) _______ catalyzes the transcription of the precursor for tRNAs and 5S rRNA. a) RNA Polym ...
MicroScale Thermophoresis Measurements on in vitro Synthesized
MicroScale Thermophoresis Measurements on in vitro Synthesized

... full length proteins are not readily expressed in a heterologous system. Expressing these proteins is as well not easy and requires at least a laboratory with S1 biohazard safety standards. After being able to express the protein it still needs to be purified. ...
"Nitrogen Metabolism". In: Microbial Physiology (Fourth Edition)
"Nitrogen Metabolism". In: Microbial Physiology (Fourth Edition)

... vnfK, is a tetramer composed of two pairs of subunits containing Fe and V. A third nitrogenase, nitrogenase 3, is encoded by alternate nitrogen fixation (anfHDK ) genes, which are expressed in A. vinelandii only in the absence of Mo and V. Dinitrogenase reductase 3 contains two identical subunits an ...
Chapter 1 Answer Key
Chapter 1 Answer Key

... Protein sequencing is useful because once the sequence of a polypeptide is known it can be synthesized artificially. Once the sequence is known, it is also possible to better understand the protein and its function in the body. Insulin was the first protein fully sequenced. Fredrick Sanger was the f ...
Digitally Programmed Cells
Digitally Programmed Cells

... test that we had the correct species  Compared the results to Genbank entries  Sequenced PTS system gene, identical to reported sequence  Sequenced 16S rRNA (unreported)  Discovered identical to Mesoplasma entomophilum 16S rRNA sequence – probably the same species ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY - Valdosta State University
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY - Valdosta State University

... • Catabolic reactions - degrade molecules to create smaller molecules and energy • Anabolic reactions - synthesize molecules for cell maintenance, growth and reproduction ...
6. protein folding
6. protein folding

... It is generally accepted that the information needed for correct protein folding is contained in the primary structure of the polypeptide. Given that premise, it is difficult to explain why most proteins when denatured do not resume their native conformations under favorable environmental conditions ...
< 1 ... 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report