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Full Text  - American Society of Animal Science
Full Text - American Society of Animal Science

... et al., 1976), and those expressed as the ratio of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Ile:Lys are sparse. It is difficult to use older studies because of missing values for ME and for the digestibility of AA, possible deficiencies in other AA, and the use of CP levels different from current practic ...
Production and Utilization of Acetate in Mammals
Production and Utilization of Acetate in Mammals

... is proportional to the arterial concentration of acetate, except in alloxan-treated animals, where uptake is impaired. 5. Acetate is produced by liver and heart slices and also by heart mitochondrial fractions that are incubated with either pyruvate or palmitoyl-(-)-carnitine. Liver mitochondrial fr ...
Chapter 1 - York University
Chapter 1 - York University

Hormone sensitive lipase: structure, function and
Hormone sensitive lipase: structure, function and

... Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) is the key enzyme in the regulation of lipid stores. It is the rate limiting enzyme in the degradation of triacylglycerol (TAG) to diacylglycerol (DAG) and free fatty acids (FFA). In addition, it has hydrolyzing activity against cholesterol esters. In this sight it is ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... enzymatic polymerization was conducted in the presence of the guest polymers. Since the structure of this polymeric system is similar to the way that a plant vine twines around a rod, this polymerization system has been named “vine-twining polymerization”. Through this approach, amylose supramolecul ...
13C MRS: An outstanding tool for metabolic studies
13C MRS: An outstanding tool for metabolic studies

... variety of metabolic pathways in cells, animals, and humans. These include glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis and degradation, gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, ketogenesis, ureogenesis and the glutamate, glutamine, GABA cycle in brain, and others (see refe ...
What is Cholesterol?......cont. - Home
What is Cholesterol?......cont. - Home

... The Fate of Unused LDL • The regulated receptors on the liver will help return some of the cholesterol to the liver from unused LDL. . • LDL is the so-called “bad cholesterol” and genetic differences in these regulated receptors can result in the accumulation or large amounts of LDL in the circulat ...
SBT301 - SibTech, Inc.
SBT301 - SibTech, Inc.

... Reconstitution: To insure full recovery, spin the vial briefly before opening. Reconstitute in 0.15 ml of a buffer of your choice, to a final concentration of 1 mg/ml. We do not recommend using less than 0.15 ml for reconstitution. o ...
Oxidized low density lipoprotein inhibits the hemolytic activity of Asp
Oxidized low density lipoprotein inhibits the hemolytic activity of Asp

... We have examined the effect of chemically modified human low density lipoproteins (LDLs) , acetylated LDL and oxidized LDL, on the hemolytic activity of Asp-hemolysin. Oxidized LDL, but not acetylated LDL, inhibited the hemolytic activity of this toxin. The inhibitory effects of oxidized LDL increas ...
TEMPERATURE, NITROGEN AND SULFUR FERTILITY
TEMPERATURE, NITROGEN AND SULFUR FERTILITY

... with each variety being named for the region where they were grown (Fenwick and Hanley, 1985). Carbonized remains of onions and garlic dating to 79 A.D. have been found in Pompeii, and by the Middle Ages onion had become a widespread crop over much of Western Europe and England (Hanelt, 1990). In th ...
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae– the main
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae– the main

... quest. The challenges the brewer face are numerous. Different microbial contaminants can be present in different parts of the process due to changing environments (pH changes, aerobic vs. anaerobic nature, nutrient concentrations, ethanol and CO2 concentrations). For a review of beer spoilage organi ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition of Streptococcus Species by
Molecular Mechanisms of Inhibition of Streptococcus Species by

... to invasion of the host tissue [6]. To establish biofilm, planktonic bacteria attaches to either inert or coated surfaces and this can be mediated by electrostatic contacts or bacterial surface adhesins [36]. Attachment is followed by proliferation of the primary colonizers and their co-aggregation ...
Synthesis of Heme
Synthesis of Heme

... Fe++ is added to protoporphyrin IX via Ferrocheletase, a homodimeric enzyme containing 2 iron-sulfur clusters. A conserved active site His, along with a chain of anionic residues, may conduct released protons away, as Fe++ binds from the other side of the porphyrin ring, to yield heme. ...
Ethylene and flower senescence
Ethylene and flower senescence

... to fruits and vegetables. NBD has been shown to reverse the early stages of ethylene-mediated petal wilting in carnation flowers [26]. An hypothetical model for the action of ethylene in flower senescence is presented in Figure 2. This scheme suggests a membrane-based binding site that is activated, ...
Structural elements defining elongation factor Tu mediated
Structural elements defining elongation factor Tu mediated

... balance of strong and weak interactions with the aa and tRNA moieties of the aminoacylated tRNA (15). This suggests that the poor affinity of some misacylated tRNAs for EF-Tu results from weak binding interactions at both the aa and tRNA contact sites. However, the structural determinants that modulat ...
Advances in Environmental Biology
Advances in Environmental Biology

... sample could be accounted for an inadequate processing or storage conditions. Prolonged storage period and exposure to high temperature during processing could degrade the enzyme [35]. However, the variation of enzymes levels in honey is also depending on its geographic origin with the differences o ...
Understanding the Regulation of Metabolic Enzyme Acetylation in E
Understanding the Regulation of Metabolic Enzyme Acetylation in E

... Global protein acetylation is a newly discovered phenomenon in bacteria. Of the more than 250 acetylations reported in E. coli, many are of metabolic enzymes [1-3]. Thus, acetylation could represent a novel posttranslational mechanism of metabolic control. Yet, almost nothing is known about the regu ...
Document
Document

... gum, flour and etc.). The term “gum” is used to describe a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides and/or proteins originated from different sources (i.e. animal, plant and microbial). Natural plant gums are usually safe for oral consumption and are preferred over analogous synthetic gums due t ...
Localization and nucleotide specificity of Blastocystis succinyl‐CoA
Localization and nucleotide specificity of Blastocystis succinyl‐CoA

Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism
Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism

... (Outcome 4.20) 1. Transfer RNA functions to ____________________________ _________________________________________________________________ . (Outcome 4.20) 2. One end of a tRNA molecule contains ___________________ and the other end contains____________________________________________ . (Outcome 4.2 ...
Does elevated atmospheric [CO2] alter diurnal C uptake and the
Does elevated atmospheric [CO2] alter diurnal C uptake and the

... bacteria (Rhizobiaceae) that increases N availability to the plant. Soybean has both a large sink capacity (Walsh et al., 1987) and the ability to match its N supply to C supply at elevated [CO2] (Rogers et al., 2006). Therefore, indeterminate soybeans are expected to escape the limitation of sink c ...
Amines and Amides
Amines and Amides

... 1939), who observed the antibacterial action of the red dye Protonsil; further researched showed that it was the metabolic byproduct, sulfanilamide, which was the active form. It prevents bacteria from synthesizing folic acid, which they need in order to grow. Bacterial enzymes synthesize folic acid ...
Ketone body metabolism and cardiovascular disease - AJP
Ketone body metabolism and cardiovascular disease - AJP

... Furthermore, cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA, whose pool is augmented by transport mechanisms that convert mitochondrial acetyl-CoA to transportable metabolites (see CoA transferasedependent ketogenesis in extrahepatic tissues), inhibits fatty acid oxidation: acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the conversion o ...
Analysis of the genetic potential of the spongederived fungus
Analysis of the genetic potential of the spongederived fungus

... lab and for introducing me into the puzzling world of polyketides. I am grateful for all suggestions that I got from him during the practical work in the lab, as well as for the writing of my thesis. Moreover, I want to thank him for his trust and unique experience in building up a laboratory togeth ...
Spectral and catalytic properties of aryl-alcohol oxidase, a
Spectral and catalytic properties of aryl-alcohol oxidase, a

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Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
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